;;The first fragment of an apocryphal text attributed to this writer describes two men in a garden, one lame and one blind. Commentators have noted the significance of the number twenty-five in this figure's vision of a temple. The third chapter of this man's book describes how he found himself called "to be a watchman for the people of Israel." This figure has a vision in which he sees the chariot of God pulled by creatures with four wings and the four faces of a man, lion, ox, and eagle. In one Islamic story about this figure, this man resurrected either four or nine thousand people by reassembling their skeletons with a whirlwind; that story, in Christianity, occurs in the valley of the dry bones. For 10 points, name this third major prophet, whose book comes before Daniel and after Lamentations.;;Ezekiel
;;As a child, this character reads his uncle the column That Body of Yours every Sunday. He sleeps with a cutlass and buys a puppy named Tarzan to protect himself while waiting for Mr. Maclean to finish building a shelter in the Green Vale, which is ultimately burnt down by sugarcane farmers. His father drowns after diving into a pool in a misguided attempt to save this character, who is actually hiding under a bed to avoid punishment for losing a calf. After his son Anand abandons him, he begins to work as a reporter for The Sentinel in Port of Spain. This character works as a sign painter, which brings him to Hanuman House, where he marries Shama by the Tulsi family. For 10 points, name this six-fingered character who struggles to get a house in a novel by V. S. Naipaul.;;(Mr(.)) Biswas|Mohun Biswas
;;Four sets of equations, including two that describe the function of individual households, comprise the model named for this man and Cassel. This man theorized that in perfect competition, profits would approximate zero, because prices would approximate costs. Each agent calculates his demand for the good at every possible price and submits this to an auctioneer in the auction named for this man. The law named for this man suggests that if all other markets in a system are in equilibrium, the remaining market must also be in equilibrium; that observation underpins his most famous theory, which was improved upon by Arrow and Debreu. For 10 points, name this French author of Elements of Pure Economics, the founder of General Equilibrium Theory.;;(Leon) Walras
;;This writer described Master Frenhofer creating a portrait in which nothing is visible except for a foot in the story The Unknown Masterpiece. This author wrote a novel in which the narrator is surprised to learn that the model for a portrait of Adonis is the castrato opera singer Zambinella, who was obsessively pursued by the title artist. In another book the title character facilitates the downfall of Baron Hulot after he arranges for his daughter Hortense to marry Count Steinbock. In addition to writing Sarrasine, this author wrote a novel in which neither of the title character's daughters, Anastasie or Delphine, go to his funeral, which is attended by Eugene de Rastignac. For 10 points, name this French author who included Cousin Bette and La Pere Goriot in his series The Human Comedy.;;(Honore) (de) Balzac
;;This philosopher described the original form of the title policy as "a subversive, liberating notion and practice," in an essay entitled "Repressive Tolerance". He suggested that the possibility of turning the world into "the opposite of hell" would signify the titular event in a speech entitled The End of Utopia, while his critique of Marxist aesthetics is contained in The Aesthetic Dimension. This philosopher offered a "critique of Neo-Freudian revisionism" in a work which traced the "origin of the repressed individual", which it blamed on capitalism. This thinker's most famous work ends with the call for a "Great Refusal", and analyzes how such tools as "the language of total administration" result in the formation of the titular kind of person. For 10 points, identify this Frankfurt school philosopher whose major works include Eros and Civilization and One Dimensional Man.;;(Herbert) Marcuse
;;In polytropic equations, the pressure is given as proportional to this quantity raised to some power, while the virial expansion writes the pressure over the temperature in terms of powers of this quantity. In cosmology, the quantity "3 times the square of the Hubble constant over quantity 8 pi times the gravitational constant," is known as the "critical" type of this quantity. The time-derivative of this quantity balances the divergence of its flux in fluid continuity equations. This quantity appears multiplied by both the square of the velocity and the gravitational acceleration times the height as a counterbalance to the pressure in Bernoulli's equation. Multiplying the volume and gravitational acceleration in the expression for buoyant force, for 10 points, identify this term which denotes how much of something there is per unit volume.;;density
;;This kingdom capitulated to client-state status, surrendering an annual roster of hostages per the Treaty of Apamea, in the wake of a crushing loss to the Attalid Euemenes II and Lucius Scipio. It descended into chaos after an ambitious Nabatean stab Alexander Balas, whose son was used to engineer the brief reign of Tryphon after conflicts with the Hasmonean dynasty destabilized this kingdom's rule. One of its greatest kings lost the Battle of Magnesia after earlier winning at Raphia over a ruler of this dynasty's major rival; that rival king bore the epithet "Philopator". With the aid of Lysimachus, this kingdom's founder defeated Antigonus the One-Eyed and himself earned the epithet "Nicator" by winning the Battle of Ipsus, possibly thanks to selling his daughter to the Mauryans in exchange for elephants. For 10 points, identify this dynasty which warred with Ptolemaic Egypt to control the territory held by Alexander the Great.;;Seleucid (Empire)
;;Autoantibodies attack the alpha-3 chains of one type of this protein in Goodpasture's Syndrome. Substitution of serine for cysteine at position 1564 of the alpha-5 chain of that type of this protein leads to a severe form of Alport Syndrome. Along with laminins, type IV of this protein forms a two-dimensional mesh in the basal lamina. This protein primarily consists of a triple helix of Gly-X-Y repeats, where X and Y are typically proline and hydroxyproline. Type I of this protein is secreted by chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and is mineralized to form bone matrix. For 10 points, name this most abundant protein in the human body, whose high tensile strength makes it ideal in tendons and skin.;;collagen
;;The Mende and the Temne are the largest ethnic groups in this nation, and much of its commerce goes through the Queen Elizabeth II Quay in its capital city. The capital of this country has a small population of people calling themselves Creoles, and they are disproportionately represented in this country's Parliament, which is located on Tower Hill. This country recently saw the election of Ernest Koroma as President, which followed the conclusion of this country's massive civil war in 2002. Like Angola, other problems faced by this country include a massive blood diamond industry. Bordered by Guinea and Liberia, this is, for 10 points, which country of Western Africa with capital at Freetown?.;;(Republic) (of) Sierra Leone
;;This man survived an assassination attempt by the leader of the General Confederation of Labour, a trade union whose downfall had vaulted him to power, and used future Piazza Fontana bomber Yves Guerin-Serac to run the Aginter Press. His brutal order to massacre civilians and then commit suicide frightened a subordinate into surrendering in the face of Operation Vijay, while he crushed an early uprising led by the "blueshirts"or National Syndicalists. The friendship between this organizer of the shadowy PIDE and Ian Smith kept Rhodesia afloat for years, though it led to his government losing ground to movements like FRELIMO and UNITA, whose efforts towards independence led to the ouster of this man's successor, Marcelo Caetano, in the Carnation Revolution. For 10 points, identify this former political economist who like Getulio Vargas presided over an Estado Novo, the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968.;;(Antonio) (de) (Oliveira) Salazar
;;This architect used a giant sculpture of binoculars as both the pedestrian and vehicle entrance of his Chiat/Day Building. He created a building originally nicknamed Fred and Ginger after Fred Astaire and Ginger Rodgers. This architect included the "Sky Church" room in one building and he designed the Pritzker Pavilion in Millennium Park. In addition to designing the Dancing House of Prague he designed the Pritzker Pavilion for Millennium Park. Jeff Koons' sculpture Puppy lies outside one of his best known buildings, which was built along the Nervion River and is made of reflective titanium panels resembling fish scales. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect who designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and the Guggenheim in Bilbao.;;(Frank) Gehry
;;This man wrote the libretto for an opera composed by Linley and son; that opera focuses on the rich Jewish merchant Isaac Mendoza and his interactions with Jerome and Louisa and is entitled The Duenna. This man lampooned Richard Cumberland as his character Sir Fretful Plagiary in another work, which shows a rehearsal of The Spanish Armada. A better known work by this author of The Critic shows Snake enquire about the designs of a woman who desires Charles Surface, Lady Sneerwell. In this man's first work, a character disguises himself as Ensign Beverly in order to escape a marriage arranged by Sir Anthony Absolute. That character, Jack, desires Lydia Languish, the ward of Mrs. Malaprop. For 10 points, name this creator of A School for Scandal and The Rivals.;;(Richard) (Brinsley) Sheridan
;;An early resistance movement in this country was organized by a local queen named Anacaona. One of its rulers lost power after foolishly entrusting sole leadership of his presidential guard to General Geffrard, who himself was ousted five years later in the wake of the Bizoton Affair. Another came to power despite earlier partnering with Rigaud and Boyer in the failed "War of the Knives". That man's rival shot himself with a silver bullet in the courtyard of his palace, whose name ironically translates to "without worry," after losing control of the southern half of this nation to a coalition of wealthy affranchis. Alexandre Petion and Henri I jockeyed for control of this country, also ruled by Faustin I, following a revolution against forces led by Sonthonax and Charles Leclerc that briefly left Jean-Jacques Dessalines in power. For 10 points, identify this French colony which saw the first successful slave revolution in the Caribbean organized by Toussaint Louverture.;;Haiti
;;This work's final section begins with the first and second violins successively playing alternating notes of the main theme, and this piece concludes with a muted fanfare of stopped horns and the single stroke of a tam-tam while the music fades into quiet. The "Allegro con grazia" second movement is a waltz written in the unusual time signature of 5/4. In this symphony's first movement a theme inspired by Don Jose' "Flower Song" from Carmen slowly dwindles until it is played at a volume marked with six Ps. During this work's "adagio lamentoso" final movement a triple forte drumroll interrupts the recapitulation of ends the "desperation" theme. Premiered nine days before the composer's death from cholera, for 10 points, name this final Tchaikovsky symphony.;;Pathetique|Symphony No(.) 6 (in) (B) (minor)
;;After one character in this work faints upon entering her new apartment, she is comforted by an optical illusion in which "airy figures" dance around her. One character discovers a crystal globe containing a golden poison that has the power to apportion the life of any person in the world. In one incident from this story a character sneaks into a furnace room after her husband caught her crying while reading his folio. The main female character watches a colorless liquid revitalize a plant with yellow spots. At the end of this story the servant Aminadab laughs while a woman drinks a fatal elixir that makes a blot shaped like a hand on her cheek disappear. In this story in Mosses from an Old Manse Aylmer kills his wife Georgiana while trying to remove the titular blemish. For 10 points, name this short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne.;;(The) Birthmark
;;This author asserted "the air is a spongy body / a promiscuous faceless being" in "The Balcony" and asked "Do I believe in man / or in the stars?" in another poem. The speaker comments, "I travel my way through the body of sound" in a poem framed by the image of "a fountain of crystal, a poplar of water". This author wrote about "racing among my thoughts in the lighted stars" in the poem "Vrindaban," which was written contemporaneously with Eastern Slope and Eagle or Sun?. He analyzed the pacuchos in a collection, which includes "The Day of the Dead" and "The Conquest of Colonialism", and another poem is structured around the Aztec calendar. For 10 points, name this author of "Sunstone" who discussed Mexican culture in The Labyrinth of Solitude.;;(Octavio) Paz
;;An individual from this country was likely responsible for the Dulcie September shooting in Paris, and collaborated with private American interests to organize Operation Babushka, formally known as the IFF, which focused heavily on discrediting dissidents in this country and was overseen by Jack Abramoff. Craig Williamson's trail of death while serving this country's government may have extended to the murder of Swedish PM Olaf Palme nearly ten years after an event recounted in Joe Slovo's No Middle Road broke out here as a result of language-based education laws. UNSCR-134 condemned an incident in this site of the Church Street Bombing that saw tension over the Cato Manor killings lead police to fire on protesters in the Sharpeville Massacre. For 10 points, identify this country which imprisoned members of the Spear of the Nation on Robben Island and saw the Soweto Uprising during the long struggle against Apartheid.;;South Africa
;;The exposition of this work's "Allegro Vivace" first movement opens with an A major arpeggio up two octaves in triplets, while the recapitulation repeats the exposition transposed down a perfect fifth. Sylvester Paumgarter commissioned this work so the cello did not play the bass line and its unusual instrumentation was borrowed from a piece by Johann Nepomuk Hummel. A recurring motif of a rising sextuplet represents jumping through a stream. This work is written for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass substituting the bass for the second violin. It takes its title from variations in the fourth movement on the composer's earlier lieder "Die Forelle". For 10 points, name this piano quintet by Schubert named after a fish.;;Trout Quintet
;;Two of these objects are said to be Morita-equivalent if there is an equivalence between their module categories. Every local example of one of these objects has a finite Krull dimension and modules are defined over these objects. Examples of these objects satisfying the descending chain condition are known as Artinian ones. The ascending chain condition, the requirement that all ideals be finitely generated and that every ideal contain a maximal element are criteria that are satisfied by Noetherian ones of these. . Commutative examples of these objects have no zero divisors and are called integral domains, of which fields are a subset. For 10 points, identify these algebraic structures exemplified by the integers which unlike groups consist of a set and two binary operations, usually addition and multiplication.;;rings
;;One politician from this state admitted to discarding socks during a campaign, though a now-discredited legend claimed that his nickname of "Sockless Jerry" Simpson was bestowed on him by a hostile press. An essay by William Allen White asked the titular question, "What's the Matter with" this state?. The second of four proposed constitutions for this state prompted territorial governor Robert Walker to resign in protest. In 1863, one city in this state was destroyed by raiders led by William Quantrill; earlier, John Brown had led a massacre of five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in this state. For 10 points, name this state which earned its nickname "Bleeding" due to the violence perpetrated by and against "border ruffians" from neighboring Missouri.;;Kansas
;;An art movement from this country produced the masterpiece Red Furniture by Robert Falk. Black birds fly around a pyramid of skulls in a painting from this country titled The Apotheosis of War. One painter from this country showed a woman in black standing out of her chair while a returning soldier is admitted to the room. Unexpected Visitors was painted by an artist who created another work depicting a group writing a reply to Sultan Mehmet IV. A modernist movement here was the Jack of Diamonds, while another artist from this country painted the titular "Black Square" on a white background. For 10 points, name this country home to Ilya Repin and the Suprematism movement led by Kazimir Malevich.;;Russia
;;This author wrote a work ending when Don Caesar commits suicide after killing his brother Don Manuel when he realizes the woman they were fighting over is actually their sister Beatrice. In one work by this author, the antagonist's son, Arnold, gets Henry of Halden to give up his oxen, then joins a group led by Walter Furst. This author of The Bride of Messina included The Piccolomini as part of a trilogy in which the title character contends with the war commissioner Von Questenburg. This author also wrote a play in which Franz Moor gets his father to disown his brother Karl, who kills Amalia. For 10 points, name this playwright of the Wallenstein trilogy, The Robbers and William Tell.;;(Johann) (Christoph) (Friedrich) (von) Schiller
;;In one story, this figure descended from heaven on a rope of cobwebs and transformed into an ocelot. He sent his servants Water Woman, Water Monster, and Cane and Conch to assist Wind in bringing music to the world from the house of the sun. He created a race of giant acorn-eating people and lost his left foot while battling Cipactli. As the first sun, he was knocked out of the sky by his rival, but this figure turned into a Jaguar and in turn ate the second sun. He wears obsidian sandals to show his connection with matter. For 10 points, name this rival of Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec god of night, who possesses a smoking mirror.;;Tezcatlipoca
;;The remnants of a force crushed by this man's general, the Duke of Gaeta, formed the Papal Zouave corps in the wake of the Battle of Castelfidardo, which allowed the passage of the Law of Guarantees. France pledged support to this figure in the Treaty of Plombieres and allied with him in a series of battles that prompted the Treaty of Zurich. This man's service at Novara under his father Charles Albert helped earn him a respectful armistice during negotiations with the victor of that battle, Joseph Radetzky. Though his forces won at Magenta and Solferino, this man's kingdom gained only Lombardy after allying with Napoleon III. His greatest achievement took advantage of Austria's military struggles, and the groundwork for it was laid by Mazzini and the Carbonari, and Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand. For 10 points, identify this foe of Pius IX and predecessor of Umberto I, a Savoy ruler of Piedmont who carried out the Risorgimento to unite Italy.;;Victor Emmanuel (II|the Second){1}?|Vittorio Emanuele (II|the Second){1}?
;;Yohai Benkler tacked the word "Linux," onto the title of one of this man's most famous essays in an essay partially named after this man's "penguin." This thinker showed that the title objects were privately provided and charged for their service, challenging their use as an example of public goods, in "The Lighthouse in Economics". This man traced to the Department of the Navy the allocation of the spectrum by the FCC in the course of arguing that the FCC should instead auction off spectrum bands. In another paper, this man stated that the title entities are like national economies, except that they are formed based on decisions concerning marketing costs. Another of his essays uses the example of a cattle rancher's cows destroying a farmer's crops in arguing against the ideas of Arthur Pigou to state that, if rights can be transferred with low transaction costs, then property rights need not be precisely defined, because parties can trade them. For 10 points, name this author of "The Nature of the Firm" who introduced his namesake theorem in "The Problem of Social Cost".;;(Ronald) (Harry) Coase
;;One girl in this novel cannot find her brother's grave and instead lays a wreath on a random grave without looking at the name. The protagonist of this novel embarrasses himself by failing to lift a man on his shoulders while water skiing. In an earlier scene in this work the black man Jules Peterson is discovered dead in a hotel room after arguing with Abe North, while another scene sees Mr. McKisco fight a bloodless duel with the mercenary Tommy Barban. Another character in this novel starred in the film Daddy's Girl and falls in love with the protagonist, whose partnership in a Swiss clinic has been ruined by his mentally unstable wife Nicole. For 10 points, name this novel in which Rosemary Hoyt begins an affair with the psychologist Dick Diver, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.;;Tender is the Night
;;This city's architectural oddities include a three story triangular parking garage built on a hill that is nicknamed "The Sinking Ship". This city features a 21 story construction topped with a 21 story tower that is capped with a gothic pyramid. This home of the Smith Tower finished a library with an exterior composed entirely of glass and steel designed by Rem Koolhas. It is home to a building that was partially inspired by the image of smashed guitars and includes the Science Fiction Museum. This location of Frank Gehry's Experience Music Project hosted the Century 21 exposition for which it constructed a tower with a rotating restaurant at its top. For 10 points, name this west coast city, the location of the Space Needle.;;Seattle(,) (Washington)
;;For an ideal gas, this quantity is equal to the number of moles times Boltzmann's constant, times the sum of five halves and the natural log of the quantity one over moles times volume divided by the cube of the thermal wavelength. For molecules in a solid, this quantity can be expressed as one over temperature times the difference between internal energy and zero point energy, plus the natural log of the rotational partition function times the product of moles and Boltzmann's constant. This quantity is also equal to the enthalpy minus Gibbs free energy, all over temperature. It is always increasing by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. For 10 points, give this thermodynamic quantity symbolized S, which measures the amount of disorder in a system.;;entropy
;;This country disputed a border on the Chobe River with its western neighbor until a 1999 ruling from the International Court of Justice favored this country. This country was formed from eight states dominated by the namesake ethnic group, and their populations received the status of "tribe" from the British. Other ethnic groups in this country include the Khalagari, Tswapong, Birwa, and Kalanga. In addition to the Chobe River, it is bordered by the Molopo River to the south and the Limpopo River to the east, and almost all of this country lies within the Kalahari Desert. Bordered by Namibia to the west and north, Zambia and Zimbabwe to the north and east, and South Africa to the south is, for 10 points, this southern African country, formerly known as Bechuanaland, with capital at Gaborone.;;(Republic) (of) Botswana
;;One section of this work wants "sound of water over a rock / Where the hermit-thrush sings in the pine trees . . . But there is no water". Another section asks the reader to consider a man "who was once as handsome and tall as you", while other characters in this work include "The typist home at teatime" and an unshaven merchant from Smyrna, Mr. Eugenides. Early in this work, Marie recounts a sled ride with her cousin, the archduke, while another section has the refrain "hurry up please it's time" interrupting thoughts, ostensibly over a game of chess. In the first stanza of this poem, the poet discusses how lilacs are risen out of mud and memory is mixed with desire, and it ends with the refrain shantih shantih shantih. Beginning with "April is the cruellest month", for 10 points, name this long poem in five sections by T.S. Eliot.;;(The) Waste Land
;;After claiming that "a man must live always in perfect holiness", one character in this work tells the fable of how noble men are those whose souls are sent back by Persephone after paying their debts for a crime. This work features a discussion on whether whiteness is color or just 'a color' and whether 'figure' in turn follows from color, and one man in this work is compared to a flat torpedo fish, leading the title character to ask "how will you enquire into that which you do not know?" In this work, Anytus discusses whether fathers can pass on their good traits to their sons, and it includes a digression on how to double the area of a square. Opening with the title character's request for a definition of virtue, for 10 points, identify this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates argues that all knowledge is innate by testing a slave's understanding of geometry.;;Meno
;;This politician was elected Senator over Matthew Clarkson in the first election that required tabulating a joint ballot of the state Assembly and Senate. This man was opposed by the Bucktails, and he was elected governor for the last time with the People's Party. He ran on the Peace Party ticket with Jared Ingersoll in the 1812 election, where he lost to James Madison. As mayor, this man led a commission which proposed a plan later modified by Central Park, the grid layout of most of Manhattan. Gouverneur Morris was the chair of a commission that this man effectively spearheaded to build a structure linking the Great Lakes to New York City. For 10 points, name this longtime mayor of New York City and governor of New York who worked to build the Erie Canal.;;DeWitt Clinton
;;The Hermitian variety of this operation is a complex-valued bilinear form in which reversing the order of arguments of this operation is equivalent to taking a complex conjugate of this operation's result. A common example of this operation for the space of square-integrable real-valued functions is the integral of the product of two such functions from minus infinity to plus infinity. Hilbert spaces are vector spaces on which this operation is defined such that the norm results in a complete metric space. For 10 points, identify this binary operation which maps two elements of a vector space to an element of the underlying scalar field, as exemplified by the dot product in Euclidean spaces.;;inner product
;;One character in this play asks if a man's favorite authors are Charles Baudelaire and J. P. Marquand. That character later wonders if another man will get a prosthetic jaw like Sigmund Freud because of mouth cancer, while earlier he asks about walking "northerly." One character in this play tells a story about feeding hamburger patties spiked with poison to his landlady's vicious dog, while earlier a different character says he lives in a house on 74th Street where his two daughters keep two pet parakeets. At the end of this play, one character pushes another off a bench before he impales himself on his own knife. For 10 points, name this play in which Jerry talks to Peter in Central Park, written by Edward Albee.;;Zoo Story
;;Toro Zambrano was forced to join this country's independence movement after his colleagues abruptly jumped up on tabletops and began shouting "we want a junta!", while its tradition of nefarious coups can be traced to the Conspiracy of the Three Antonios. It briefly devolved into an anarchic kleptocracy known as "war to the death" period that saw the Pincheira brothers pilfer almost 10% of its total material wealth. This country's patria vieja ended after Mariano Osorio's forces were crushed when Rafael Maroto ordered the Talaveras regiment to hurl itself at an entrenched position. This site of the Figueroa Mutiny and the Battle of Rancagua weathered the Tanquero uprising and the Cuban Packages scandal before its president, Salvador Allende, was deposed by Augusto Pinochet. For 10 points, name this country historically ruled with fluctuating stability from Santiago.;;Chile
;;An early interpretation of this text was created by Zhou Gong Dan. Tradition holds that Confucius wrote a commentary on this text called the Ten Wings. This text frequently uses the symbol of a dragon to represent actions taken by great men. The Duke of Kau wrote six paragraphs of commentary on each of the diagrams contained in this text, while King Wan wrote only one for each. Although interpretation of this text was traditionally done at first with straws, more modern interpretations frequently use coins. The arrangement of those diagrams was created by Fu-Hsi, and the first of them, the Khien, describes the proper time for action and waiting. For 10 points, name this ancient religious text often used for divinations, composed of sixty-four hexagrams.;;I Ching|(The) Book of Changes
;;A scene in this poem describes "surly village churls and the red cloaks of market girls". One character in this poem sings a "carol, mournful, holy, chanted loud and chanted lowly". The appearance of the title character of this poem "in the lighted palace near" causes "the sound of royal cheer" to die, and the participants of a feast to "cross themselves in fear." A character in this poem sings "tirra-lirra" by a river and is described as having "coal-black curls" flowing from his helmet. At the end of this poem, one character says "She has a lovely face, God in his mercy lend her grace" of the titular character; the character who says that is Lancelot. For 10 points, name this poem about a woman who "weaves night and day" scenes of Camelot, a work by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.;;(The) Lady of Shallott
;;Like Erik Erikson, this psychologist saw childhood as divided into periods separated by crises, though this psychologist used age rather than ideas as a basis. That idea, found in his The Problem of Age, succeeded another which described consciousness as based on reflex. In a more well-known theory, this psychologist described how children merely think out loud, while adults utilize an extremely complex mental speech in his discussion of what he termed internal language. This psychologist also developed a model which assists the development of childhood skill by giving tasks that are within the zone of proximal development. For 10 points, name this author of Thought and Language, a Russian psychologist.;;(Lev) Vygotsky
;;A 2010 study showed that G9a, which methylates one of these proteins, is downregulated after cocaine use. In 1990 the Grunstein lab at UCLA caused yeast mating efficiency to decrease by replacing a lysine at position 16 of one of these proteins with either arginine, glycine, or glutamine. That study showed that mutations in SIR3 could partially allow mutated forms of these proteins to repress the transcription of HML-alpha and HMR-alpha. The lysines on the tails of these proteins are reversibly acetylated by proteins such as GCN5. An octamer consisting of two each of the 2A, 2B, 3, and 4 members of this family of proteins forms the protein core of a nucleosome. For 10 points, name this family of proteins around which DNA is packed in chromatin.;;histones
;;One of this work's movements is written in 6/8 time and features the heading "al tempo di Giga". The composer's biographer Johann Forkel argues that its penultimate movement is a joke based on the family tradition of singing vulgar peasant tunes at gatherings. The folk song "Cabbage and turnips have driven me away; had my mother cooked meat, I'd have decided to stay" was the basis for this work's penultimate section, which is a "quodlibet." This piece is the fourth member of the series Clavier-Ubung and every third section is a canon. This work was composed for the titular musician who played during the night to Count Kaiserling who suffered from insomnia. For 10 points, name this work by J. S. Bach written for harpsichord consisting of thirty variations on the initial aria.;;Goldberg Variations
;;At one point in this work, a messenger arrives to give one character the sword formerly belonging to the slain Danish prince Sweno. One woman convinces fifty men to follow her to her castle, where she turns them into fish. In this work, the disappearance of a statue of the Virgin Mary leads King Aladine to condemn Olindo and Sophronia to be burnt at the stake. In this work Erminia of Antioch steals the armor of one character, so she can gain entrance to her beloved's camp. The sorceress Armida falls in love with Rinaldo. At the beginning of this poem the Archangel Gabriel tells Godfrey de Bouillon to go to war, while at the end, Clorinda converts to Christianity after being killed by her lover Tancred. For 10 points, name this Italian epic poem about the First Crusade by Torquato Tasso.;;Jerusalem Delivered
;;One offensive ordered by this monarch was blunted by the Water Line erected decades earlier by Maurice of Nassau, but still prompted his enemies to lynch the De Witt brothers for instigating the "Disaster Year", or Rampjaar. One of this ruler's generals had a major rivalry with the Count of Montecuccoli, while another defeated Francisco Melo after a bold march through a mountain pass to break the siege of Rocroi. This ruler's territories were defended by a modification of the trace italienne that relied upon a pentagonal ravelin system, designed by his greatest military mind, Vauban. This monarch relied on the command of Turenne and the Prince of Conde to win clashes like the Battle of the Dunes, which led to the Treaty of the Pyrenees. Forced to accept the Treaty of Ryswick, for 10 points, name this impetus behind the War of Devolution and the War of the Grand Alliance, a long-reigning Frenchman known as the "Sun King".;;Louis (XIV|the Fourteenth){1}?
;;One story about this character divides him into three versions, one of which is a trickster god given the epithet "dragonfly". In another version of this figure's myth, he is identified as Ti'iti'i, the son of Talaga. In yet another version of this figure's mythology, he was busy at a marae and unwilling to let the sun go down, so he simply stopped it by holding its rays. That story is also adapted into one in which he stops the sun with a lasso made out of his sister's pubic hair. In a more well-known story, he meets and marries his wife Hina after using a fishhook to pull up several coral islands from the bottom of the ocean. For 10 points, name this god who also fought the sun with a jawbone, a Polynesian god who also names a large Hawaiian island.;;Maui
;;According to van Leeuwen's theorem, when this state occurs in a magnetic system, all eddies must dissipate. As a consequence of ergodicity, the phase density of a system in this state is given by an arbitrary function of the Hamiltonian. In quantum mechanical systems, the existence of this condition is equivalent to the requirement that the time-derivative of the density matrix vanish. In addition to CP violation and the existence of processes that violate baryon number, the non-existence of this state is necessary for baryogenesis, according to the Sakharov conditions. The transitivity of this state is expressed by the so-called zeroth law of thermodynamics. For 10 points, identify this steady state of a thermodynamic system in which the mean value of the system's temperature does not change with time.;;(thermal) equilibrium
;;In his best-known post, this man attempted to stave off war between forces led by Thomas Jefferson Rusk and Chief Bowl during the Cordova Rebellion. Francis Scott Key defended this man after he beat William Stanbery with a cane in retaliation against Stanbery's charges of fraud against John Eaton and this man. This man came in second to John Bell for the presidential nomination of the Constitutional Union party, and Edward Clark replaced him as governor when his state seceded. This man's horse, Saracen, was shot out from under him during his victory at San Jacinto, shortly after which this man's forces captured Santa Anna and secured Texan Independence. For 10 points, name this two-term President of Texas who lends his name to that state's largest city.;;(Samuel) Houston
;;One fictional resident of this city, "Cheese" Wagstaff, triggered an amusing sequence of events after publicly lamenting being forced to mercy-kill his dog. The New-Day Co-op was founded in this city, but saw its corporate ambitions stunted by the nail gun-driven activities of Snoop and Chris Partlow, who become locally suspected of raising zombies in rowhouses. Prior to adopting Wee-Bey's son Namond, Bunny Colvin segregated part of this city's populace into an area dubbed "Hamsterdam," much to the horror of comically inept Commissioner Burrell. The fabricated stories of journalist Scott Templeton complicate an equally fictional killing spree in this city's homeless community, a plot concocted to finance the investigation against Marlo Stanfield by Lester Freamon and Jimmy McNulty. Home to the Barksdale drug organization and infamous gay stick-up man Omar Little, for 10 points, name this setting of HBO's The Wire, the largest city in Maryland.;;Baltimore
;;This author wrote an epilogue that begins, "My work is finished now: no sword, nor fire, nor future / is capable of laying waste to it." The speaker of one poem asserts, "If Memnon's mother, if Achilles' mother, mourned for their sons" then "sad Elegia" must "unbind thy woeful hair in grief" to mourn for Tibullus. In a scene from one of his works, Tereus rips out the tongue of Philomela to prevent her from reporting a rape. This poet parodied the opening of The Aeneid in the first poem of his collection Amores, and he mourned his exile in Tomis in his collection Tristia. This poet's best-known work ends with a description of the apotheosis of Julius Caesar and includes the stories of Pyramus and Thisbe and Pygmalion. For 10 points, name this Roman poet who wrote The Metamorphoses.;;(Publius) Ovidius (Naso)
;;At one point in this novel, the author discusses the possibility that a junkyard dog without a tail was the protagonist in an earlier version. One chapter in this novel describes a recent prison inmate's fantasy of a place called "Fairyland." This books notes how the Statue of Liberty's torch looks like an ice cream cone. The author also discusses how he had seen humans that look like robots because of their brains being eaten by syphilis, and he compares himself to a writing machine. Francine has an affair with one protagonist of this novel, who goes crazy and kills his gay piano-playing son Bunny in a hotel in which the author has a transformative experience after drinking one of the titular martinis. For 10 points, name this novel also featuring Kilgore Trout, a novel about Dwayne Hoover by Kurt Vonnegut.;;Breakfast of Champions
;;In ancient art, this figure is often accompanied by spirits called the Karpoi. This figure causes the death of Amphairos by opening up a chasm into which he falls. One myth about this figure depicts Athena taking care of one of her children. That child resulted from a piece of wool covered in Hephaestus' semen and was named Erechthonius.  In one myth, sprinkles of blood upon this figure caused the births of the Erinnyes, the Gigantes, and the Melian nymphs. One of this goddess' children used a scythe to force her husband away from crushing her. That child was Cronus, who attacked this goddess' husband Ouranos, and the result allowed living creatures to spring to life upon this goddess. For 10 points, name this goddess and personification of the earth in Greek mythology.;;Gaea
;;In platelets, much of this protein is found attached to a peptide named Fx, which was found to be identical to thymosin beta-4. Branching of this protein is stimulated by WASp proteins; the branch points are occupied by a protein typically isolated due to its ability to bind profilin. CapZ is responsible for calcium-independent capping of the plus end of one form of this protein. A toxin from the so-called "angel of death" mushroom, phalloidin, works by preventing this protein's filamentous F form from being depolymerized into G monomers. Microfilaments are made up of this protein, which is absent in the H zone of a sarcomere. For 10 points, name this protein that slides alongside myosin to produce muscle contractions.;;actin
;;In one hilariously racist appearance, this character laments "he thinks he's speared a lion...he wants me to praise him" when his radio is impaled by an African named Thursday, whom he discovered in a crate of imported bananas. After riding a rhea to the Cantina Argentina, this character once drunkenly leered at a showgirl whom he had mouth-raped in an earlier appearance after failing to coerce her into making out with him by performing dangerous maneuvers; that love interest is saved by expandable granny panties when she risks suicide to escape this character's assaults, leaping out of a shoddily-constructed biplane this figure builds as a tribute to Lindbergh. More famously, this protagonist of The Gallopin' Gaucho and Plane Crazy drowns a parrot who ridicules him after abusing a series of animals to perform "Turkey in the Straw," earning the ire of Captain Pete. For 10 points, name this star of Steamboat Willie who, when not beating Jonas Brothers or abusing his girlfriend Minnie, serves as the rodent mascot for the Walt Disney Company.;;Mickey (Mouse)
;;The frame story of this novel begins with a man who had had a torrid love affair in London attempting to get some time in the country by renting a home. That character later has a dream in which he slams a window down on the arm of a ghost who attempts to get into his room. A different dream in this novel sees one character expelled from both heaven and hell, which she equates with the titular place of this novel. Lockwood attempts to rent Thrushcross Grange, although it hasn't been well-taken care of by the maid Nelly Dean. One character in this novel is taken in by Earnshaw, whose son Hindley hates him; he in turn abuses Hareton, who marries Catherine Linton. For 10 points, name this novel about the mutually destructive love of Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, a novel by Emily Bronte.;;Wuthering Heights
;;This man's forced publishing of an itemized list of "self-criticisms" influenced his support for works of "Scar Literature", and he established the use of Special Administrative Regions to reconcile the Basic Law governing key regions with his own central leadership, advocating the "one country, two systems" doctrine. He famously derided the need to use a cat of any particular color to catch mice and advocated enlarging rather than removing the bird cage in zoological metaphors defending his economic flexibility, rejecting the extreme rigidity of his major rival, Hua Guofeng. This man presided over the Four Modernizations implemented by Zhou Enlai but was forced to arrest his protege, Zhao Ziyang, after Tiananmen Square. For 10 points, identify this man who after the death of Lin Biao outmaneuvered the Gang of Four, credited with shifting toward a mixed economy during the 1970s and 80s as the leader of Communist China.;;Deng (Xiaoping)
;;Elliott Antokoletz argues that a certain treaty inspired this composer's "expansion in range" technique in his third string quartet, which begins with sections called "prima parte" and "seconda parte" and introduced his namesake pizzicato. He wrote a work based on a colinda in which nine sons are turned into stags, while another piece opens with a group of "Unison Melodies" and ends with six pieces dedicated to Harriet Cohen. This composer of Cantata Profana wrote a work parodying Shostakovich's "invasion" theme in the "intermezzo interrotto" fourth movement and wrote a collection of 153 instructional piano pieces titled Mikrokosmos. He wrote an opera ending when Judith opens the seventh door of the title location to uncover the three former wives of her husband. For 10 points, name this composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle who collected Hungarian folk songs.;;(Bela) Bartok
;;In this play's third act, the maid Elvire tells the protagonist to hide before he gives his beloved a dagger asking her to kill him after overhearing her conversation with Sanche. The attendant Leonor consoles Dona Urraque for loving the main character. The central conflict of this play is instigated when one man slaps another character because he was selected as the tutor for the King's son. In the second act, Don Diegue begs the King to spare his son for killing Don Gomes in a duel, an action that forces the main female character to seek revenge against the man she loves. At the end of this play Chimene rejects Don Rodrigue even though he had just defeated the Moors. For 10 points, name this play about the titular Spanish hero, written by Pierre Corneille.;;Le Cid
;;One of the major practices associated with these events occurred in between rows of seven stone columns in the courtyard of the Hall of Heroes, and saw an item named for the bodily fluid of Andreas Bauriedl used to anoint fresh banners for the coming year; that "Blood Flag" was normally kept in the Brown House. Accounts of these events were published in "Red" and "Blue Books," and they were organized primarily by the local machine of Julius Streicher. A supposedly too controversial speech about Ethiopia was replaced at the last minute by the most famous announcement at one of these events, which concerned the hiring of young women and dealth with the status of Mischlings. Featuring a massive array of searchlights, the "Cathedral of Light" of Albert Speer, for 10 points, identify these events documented in Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will, annual rallies in support of Adolf Hitler held in a German city that later saw some infamous Nazi trials.;;Nuremberg (Rallies)
;;In number theory, this term is used to designate integers with n minus one digits which, when multiplied by an integer less than n, result in the same digits in a different order. In physics, this term designates a generalized coordinate whose conjugate generalized momentum is conserved, and thus one on which the Lagrangian does not depend. In group theory, this adjective is used to describe groups which are generated by a single element, while in graph theory this term designates a graph which contains at least one path whose first and last nodes are the same. For 10 points, identify this adjective which in chemistry is used to describe molecules whose carbon atoms form a ring.;;cyclic
;;One text composed by a member of this group describes the invasion of Babar into India through the metaphor of a marriage; that is the Baburbani. That member of this group emphasized three principles, including Vand Chakko, the principle of giving to the poor. He later educated a member of this group who drastically expanded the religion with which they were associated by establishing new temples; that man was Angad. More famous principles expounded by these people include repetitive chanting of the name of the divine, known as Naam Japna, while the last member of this group was elevated by Gobind Singh and is composed of hymns and meditations on God's name. For 10 points, name this group comprised of ten people, including Granth Sahib and the first one, Nanak.;;gurus (of) Sikhism
;;From 1995 to 2000, the Kellogg Commission examined the future of institutions created as a result of this act. The Nelson Amendment to this act established a permanent source of funding to achieve its goals. Lyman Trumbull was initially asked to be the sponsor for this bill by the man sometimes given credit for its introduction, Jonathan Turner, but he instead supported a Vermont Representative as this bill's sponsor. The 1887 Hatch Act provided funding for "agricultural experiment stations" associated with institutions funded by this bill. For 10 points, name this 1862 act that set aside public lands for the establishment of colleges devoted to agriculture and engineering.;;Morrill (Land) (Grant) (Act)
;;An equation stating that the square of one measure of this quantity is equal to square of the band gap minus the square of the homopolar band gap was developed by Phillips and van Vechten. The principle of equalization of this quantity states that in a bond, each atom's value for this quantity will be the geometric mean of the atoms' original values; that principle was developed by Sanderson, who computed this quantity as the ratio of atomic number to atomic volume, divided by what would be expected from a linear interpolation of those values for inert gases. The first ionization energy and electron affinity are averaged to obtain the Mulliken scale for it, and the Pauling scale assigns fluorine a value of four. For 10 points, name this measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself.;;electronegativity
;;This poet concludes "We are all old-timers / each of us holds a locked razor" in "Waking in the Blue". Another poem ends with the famous line "The Lord survives the rainbow of His will". The speaker of one poem discusses a hermit "thirsting for / the hierarchic privacy / of Queen Victoria's century" and he later encounters a figure that "jabs her wedge-head in a cup / of sour cream, drops her ostrich tail / and will not scare." This poet included "The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket" in his collection Lord Weary's Castle and wrote a poem that begins, "The old South Boston Aquarium stands / in a Sahara of snow now," which is a meditation on St. Gaudens' statue of Colonel Shaw. For 10 points, name this Confessional poet who wrote "Skunk Hour" and "For the Union Dead.".;;(Robert) Lowell
;;A servant in this play is forced to lie about the availability of cucumbers at the market because another character eats all of the sandwiches before the guests arrive. One character in this play notes that Lady Harbury looks "twenty years younger" after the death of her husband. This play opens with the sound of piano playing in an apartment on Half Moon Street. Miss Prism and Doctor Chaucible pass the afternoon in a garden and discuss morality in this play, before another character notes that one should know everything, or nothing. That character is Lady Bracknell, who grills a character who enjoys "Bunburying" on his suitability for her ward. Also concerning Cecily and Algernon, for 10 points, name this Oscar Wilde play whose title refers to Gwendolen's desire for a husband of a certain name.;;(The) Importance of Being Earnest
;;Lindstrom's theorem states that first-order logic is the strongest logic having both this property and satisfying the Lowenheim-Skolem property. A method for finding a Hausdorff space with this property containing a given space is named for Stone and Cech. Equicontinuity is the main condition for determining whether a family of functions has this property by the Arzela-Ascoli theorem. Using the axiom of choice, it can be shown that an arbitrary product of spaces with this property has this property, a result known as Tychonoff's theorem. In Euclidean space, being closed and bounded is sufficient to show, according to the Heine-Borel theorem, that a set has this property. For 10 points, identify this property which holds of a set on which every open cover has a finite subcover.;;compactness
;;This artist only completed the preparatory sketches for the epic Opening of the Doors of the Spanish Inquisition. This artist showed a cart stopped next to a gray building emitting white smoke in The Lime Kiln. He painted an unusual still-life of severed limbs called Anatomical Pieces, and he featured horses in his paintings Derby at Epsom and Horse Frightened By Lightning. A horse rearing away from an unseen attacker appears in his The Charging Chasseur. He studied bodies in the morgue of the Hospital Beaujon for his most famous work, which sees a man waving a red handkerchief on the top right and a bloody hatchet implies cannibalism. For 10 points, name this French Romantic painter of The Raft of the Medusa.;;(Theodore) Gericault
;;This 10th grade regional discus champion is currently directing "Marathon of Hope", a movie about runner Terry Fox, for ESPN's 30 for 30 series. He rides a tandem bike down Santa Monica Boulevard alongside blue-shutter shade wearing Baron Davis in the internet video "Step Brothers", while it is rumored that the concept behind "Shaq Vs". was stolen from this athlete. He played "the most ridiculous man on earth", in a viral commercial as a spokesman for Vitamin Water, while in the 2005 Dunk Contest this man passed the ball off his head to one of his teammate using his renowned soccer skills. After backing up Jason Kidd for his first two years, this Santa Clara alum emerged as an All-Star after being traded to the Dallas Mavericks. Born in South Africa but raised in Canada, for 10 points, name this two time MVP who passes to Jason Richardson and Amare Stoudemire as point guard of the Phoenix Suns.;;(Steve) Nash
;;This kingdom was ruled by Anshuverma, who fathered the enterprising missionary Bhrikuti and was a member of the Lichavi Dynasty. After being separated into 22 principalities known as Baisi, it became united again under Jayasthitimalla, while its modern incarnation was forced to sign the Treaty of Sugauli with the British in 1816 not long after its reunification under the Gorkha leader Prithvi Narayan Shah. The Kot Massacre in this state brought about the autocratic rule of its most recent dynasty, which was founded by Jang Bahadur. The future of that dynasty would have lain with a man whose wild unpopularity stems from his track record of assaulting police officers and inexplicably numerous hit and run allegations, Paras, after Prince Dipendra brought an M16 to a family dinner. The recently abolished Rana monarchy controlled, for 10 points, what country, whose capital is Kathmandu?.;;(Federal) (Democratic) (Republic) (of) Nepal
;;At one point in this novel, the title character remembers how he groaned "We're lost! Fucked," while a communications officer, but then reminds himself that he was the class orator at Chicago's McKinley High School. After spending hours in a court watching the case of people like the prostitute Aleck, this work's title character goes to visit his aunt Taube, from whose house he takes a gun that used to be his father's. The title character's romantic interests include the Japanese girl Sona and his current girlfriend Ramona, and his addressees in monologues interspersed with the narration include Dwight Eisenhower and Erwin Schrodinger. The title character engages in a custody battle over his daughter Junie with his ex-wife, Madeleine, who is having an affair with Valentine Gersbach. For 10 points, identify this novel whose title Jewish character, Moses, writes real and imaginary letters to various historical personages, a work by Saul Bellow.;;Herzog
;;This work describes its author's struggles with the nature of memory, and with how it might relate to the soul's pre-existence; it culminates with its author's anguish over how he can remember forgetfulness. This work describes a resident of Milan named Anypius, who also appears in the author's Against the Academics, and who advises against marriage. Another figure that appears to the author of this work in Milan is St. Ambrose. This author describes his curiosity as a perversion of the natural desire to know God, and in one incident, the author describes hearing a child's voice saying "Take and read". This work famously features the author praying for chastity but not yet. Also describing the author's struggles with Manichaeanism, this is, for 10 points, which work, the autobiography of Saint Augustine.;;(The) Confessions
;;This architect designed a museum that was eighty percent inside a mountain forcing him to carve a tunnel through the mountain for the entrance. Along with the Miho Museum, he designed a glass pavilion that would let in light meant to symbolize hope for the JFK Presidential Library. Another building is coated in white metal and includes a giant cylinder standing above Lake Erie. A different work by this architect was added onto a building by John Russell Pope. In addition to designing the John Hancock Building and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, this architect is famous for a large structure in the Cour Napolean. For 10 points, name this architect of the East Wing of the National Gallery and the Glass Pyramid at the Louvre.;;(Ieoh) (Ming) Pei
;;One of the most famous cult practices associated with this deity involves a ritual called the arkteia which involves the imitation of bears. This rite was practiced at Brauron in Attica, a sacred site which Iphigenia was said to have established to placate this deity. The cult of Orthia was also associated with this deity and included the diamastigosis, the ritual whipping of youths as they attempted to steal cheese from an altar. This goddess also came to be associated with the lover of Endymion, the titaness Selene. She is also credited with slaying the twelve grandchildren of Tantalus after Niobe boasted of her children's beauty, and shooting arrows that caused the death of women in childbirth. For 10 points, name this daughter of Leto and sister of Apollo, the Greek goddess of the hunt.;;Artemis
;;At the beginning of one of this author's plays The Frog enters as the narrator and exclaims, "Aeschylus Me!" after sneezing. This author wrote about "Rude Bwoy" and Brother Aaron trying to protect their community in O Babylon!. Another work includes a scene where a man presides over a trial condemning Abraham Lincoln before he beheads the white goddess, and this author wrote about a man outwitting "The Planter" in Ti-Jean and His Brothers. This author wrote about Corporal Lestrade chasing the prisoner Makak through a hallucinatory journey in his play Dream on Monkey Mountain. For 10 points, name this author who re-imagined The Odyssey set on Saint Lucia in his epic poem Omeros.;;(Derek) Walcott
;;This instrument plays a long solo over a timpani roll at the beginning of Sibelius' Symphony No. 1. This instrument evolved from the older chalmeau, a word that also names this instrument's lower register. Multiple concertos for two soloists playing this instrument were composed by Franz Krommer, while virtuosos of this instrument include Julian Bliss and Sabine Meyer. Mozart's concerto in A minor for this instrument was written for Anton Stadler, while Stravinsky wrote the Ebony Concerto for Woody Herman. A glissando for this instrument opens Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and it represents the cat in Peter and the Wolf. For 10 points, identify this single-reed woodwind performed by Benny Goodman.;;clarinet
;;The second section of the third chapter of Robert Nozick's Philosophical Explanations is devoted to an analysis of this doctrine. Peter Unger wrote a book entitled Ignorance which purports to make a case for this philosophical doctrine, while an article by G.E. Moore that analyzes Russell's approach to this doctrine is titled after "Four Types of" it. Ancient exponents of this doctrine included Arcesilaus and Carneades, heads of the Academy who critiqued the "cataleptic impression" which formed the basis for Stoicist epistemology, as well as Pyrrho of Elis, who gives his name to another form of this doctrine. A book which asserts that "philosophy begins in medias res", was written by George Santayana to present a contrast between this doctrine and "animal faith". For 10 points, identify this philosophical doctrine which argues against the possibility of reliable knowledge.;;skepticism
;;Stan Smith divides this poet's work into two periods, with "Going" and "Wedding Wind" chosen as two representative poems from the later style. He notes that if he were called in to construct a religion, he would make liberal use of the titlar "Water" in another poem. Looking out the window while "Groping back to bed after a piss" inspires wistful thoughts in this man's "Sad Steps". In another poem concludes that "Our almost-instinct almost true: What will survive of us is love" while observing the titular resting place of the "earl and countess." The narrator of another poem by this author watches "a couple of kids," and thinks "he's fucking her and she's taking pills or wearing a diaphragm." The author of "An Arundel Tomb", one of his best known poems comes from the collection High Windows and notes "they fuck you up, your mom and dad". For 10 points, identify this 20th century British poet of "This Be the Verse".;;(Philip) Larkin
;;In his early career, this man helped his friend, Cardinal Matthew Schinner, retake his position in Sion by attacking George Supersax. His ideas were popularized due to the efforts of his son-in-law, Rudolf Gwalther, and printer Christopher Froschauer, and a pivotal event involving this man saw him speak on the arrival of Bernhardin Sanson. Though his influence had begun to wane following a "Land Peace" in 1529, his participation in the brief Second Kappel War in defense of his city led to his death. This author of "On the True and False Religion" was invited by Philip of Hesse to debate a major contemporary in the Marburg Colloquy, though he could not agree on the doctrine of real presence with Martin Luther. For 10 points, identify this prominent citizen of Zurich, the foremost figure of the Swiss Reformation.;;(Huldrych) Zwingli
;;This term is used to describe a set of potentials which are described by the Hertz vectors. The Goos-Hanchen effect observed in total internal reflection is a phase shift that affects propagations with one variety of this property. Different varieties of this property can be transformed into one another by a retarder plate. Mueller matrices operate on the vector representations of this property, which is described by the I, Q, U, and V, and the vector of this property rotates in proportion to the Verdet constant during propagation along a magnetic field in the Faraday effect. Complete transmission occurs at Brewster's angle for light with one version of this property. Described by the Stokes parameters, for 10 points, identify this property which comes in linear, circular, and elliptical varieties, and which designates the direction and magnitude of the electric displacement vector.;;polarization
;;The relationship between stress and strain in these entities is modeled by the Glen-Nye flow law. The equilibrium line altitude is the long term balance point along one of these, and a tower on one of these is known as a serac.A type of particles created by these entities, when blown by the wind, are known as loess. The Malaspina one of these is an example of the Piedmont variety of these objects. Sharp ridges formed by these are called aretes, and material deposited directly from these structures is known as a till, while material removed from these objects by mass wasting can form a cirque. Two main types of these are contintental and alpine, and whale shaped hills formed by these are known as drumlins. Leaving behind debris accumulations calle moraines, for 10 points, name these large masses of ice.;;Glaciers
;;This figure was given an albino chicken that he used to gain the title Duke of Anhan, and in the century following his death treasure hunters roamed the countryside seeking the ample rewards for locating various fragments of his corpse. Chunyu Zhang was murdered by Emperor Cheng as a result of this man's actions, and one rebellion against him was led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, who were part of the Lulin Mountain group. This man instituted an agricultural approach named for the character it resembled, the well-field system, and made sweeping and violently unpopular changes to geographical names. A sloth tax for unused land prompted the revolt of Mother Lu against this ruler, who served as a regent for the infant Ping and appointed Ruzi as his successor. Seizing power from the Liu family and ousted in the Red Eyebrow revolt, for 10 points, identify this man who established the Xin dynasty after briefly usurping the throne of Han China.;;Wang Mang
;;An architecture firm originating in this country designed the Vodol chair as well as the UFA Cinema Center and an extension for the Akron Art Museum.  An architect from this country designed the Haas Haus and the Museum Abteiburg.  In addition to the firm Coop Himmelblau and Hans Hollein, this country was home to an architect who created the Goldman and Salatsch building, the Steiner house, and the Paris home of Tristan Tzara as well as writing the manifesto Ornament and Crime.  That man, Adolf Loos, was opposed to a movement in this country's capitol that was headquartered in a building topped by a gold leaf dome and was known as the city's namesake "Secession."  That movement from this country produced the Beethoven Frieze and was led by a man who painted figures covered with squares and circles in The Kiss.  For 10 points, name this home of Gustav Klimt as well as composers like Franz Schubert and Johann Strauss.;;Austria
;;One character in this novel lies about the contents of his portmanteau, which contains money rather than stockings as claimed. Later on, that character joins the protagonist at the Black Bear Inn.The protagonist of this novel visits Mr. Owen at Tolbooth prison accompanied by Andrew Fairservice. This novel's main action begins when Tresham sends a letter alerting the protagonist of a plot to embezzle his father's funds. The protagonist of this novel fell in love while watching Diana Vernon at a fox hunt on the way to live with her uncle, Sir Hildebrand. The novel ends when the protagonist pursues Rashleigh, who is in turn killed by MacGregor Campbell. For 10 points, identify this novel about Frank Osbaldistone, which takes its name from the appearances of the titular Scottish outlaw, a work of Walter Scott.;;Rob Roy
;;One essay explains this concept in terms of "what is 'Le Penseur' doing?"  An essay titled for this concept borrows Paul Ricoeur's idea of "inscription of action" and contains a version of the "turtles all the way down" story.  That essay explains this concept in terms of a Jewish merchant participating in a sham sheep raid in Morocco, and cites "The Thinking of Thoughts" by Gilbert Ryle, which explains this concept in the difference between various forms of winking.  This concept is used to explore the Weberian "webs of significance" that make up its popularizer's semiotic theory of culture, which is used in works likes "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight."  For 10 points, name this concept which titles the first essay in Clifford Geertz's Interpretation of Cultures, and which involves including context in ethnographic explanations.;;thick description
;;This author wrote about a husband who goes mad after his wife comments that his nose tilts to the right in One, None, and One Hundred Thousand. One work by this author sees a man escape to Monte Carlo where he discovers his family has declared him dead, and another work takes place within the audience where the stage manager Dr. Hinkfuss proclaim himself the author. In addition to writing Tonight We Improvise, this author described a character who falls off a horse and believes he is the titular Holy Roman emperor. He also wrote a play in which the Manager becomes angry at the title group of actors who rehearse in Madame Pace's shop. For 10 points, name this Italian author who wrote Henry IV and Six Characters in Search of an Author.;;(Luigi) Pirandello
;;During this figure's rule, his nation acquired the territory of Karabakh under the Treat of Gulistan. This ruler joined with figures such as Victor Kochubei to form the "Unofficial Committee," and his government acquired Bessarabia in the Treaty of Bucharest. This man sought to address food shortages by creating agriculturally-based Military Settlements; the ensuing disaster of this plan led this ruler to dismiss Aleksey Arakcheyev. He evaded a plot to kidnap him on the way of the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle and was advised for much of his reign by the reform-minded Mikhail Speransky. This architect of the Holy Alliance was rumored to have faked his death and become a misanthropic monk at Pochayiv Lavra, years after agreeing to a treaty negotiated on a raft in the Neman River. The Decembrist revolt occurred in the wake of the death of, for 10 points, what Russian Tsaw who signed the Treaty of Tilsit with Napoleon and was succeeded by his brother, Nicholas I?.;;Alexander I
;;Edward Simon showed that the results of this experiment held in HeLa cells. When reviewing the manuscript that ultimately published this experiment's results, John Cairns suggested a reason why its results with salmon sperm were different. Along with Vinograd, the experimenters had the year before perfected a way of using cesium chloride to establish a density gradient during centrifugation. This pulse-chase experiment disproved Max Delbruck's ideas about the "unwinding problem." It grew E. coli in nitrogen-15 labeled media for several generations, then moved it to a nitrogen-14 medium and looked at the density of DNA in further generations. For 10 points, what doubly-eponymous experiment confirmed the semiconservative nature of DNA replication?.;;Meselson(-)Stahl (experiment)
;;An injured soldier holds a newspaper while his daughters play with a lion, bear, turkey, and rooster in this artist's Peace Concluded, and he illustrated several works of Anthony Trollope.  A man leans forward on a green chair, pointing his white leg at a pair of lovers on the other side of a banquet table in his Isabella, while a melancholy girl holds an apple as her older sisters gather the title objects in his Autumn Leaves.  A young boy holds a bowl of water on the right side of a painting which shows the title figure raising a bleeding hand while a door is being made behind him in this man's controversial depiction of biblical figures, while another of his works is known for its depiction of vegetation along a creek side, and shows the title figure wearing an embroidered silver dress as she floats in the water.  For 10 points, name this Pre-Raphaelite painter of Christ in the House of His Parents and Ophelia.;;(John) (Everett) Millais
;;In one song this band sings about a "honey kind of girl" addressed as "Hannah baby," who "got a mind of her own and she use it well." Another of their songs claims "what a drag it is getting old" and extols the virtues of a "little yellow pill."  In addition to "Memory Motel" and "Mother's Little Helper," they sang about a girl who "taste so good", "just like a black girl should" and about another figure "born in a cross-fire hurricane" who thinks it's a "gas, gas, gas."  In one song, their singer says "I see the girls walk by dressed in their summer clothes, I have to turn my head until my darkness goes," and another opens with "Please allow me to introduce myself, I'm a man of wealth and taste."  For 10 points, name this band whose songs include "Brown Sugar," "Jumpin' Jack Flash," "Paint It, Black," "Sympathy for the Devil," and "Satisfaction.".;;(The) Rolling Stones
;;In this novel Ronald Nimkin hangs himself and leaves a note about bringing mah-jong rules. One character has a vision about arriving home with a seeing eye dog after having a fling with Bubbles Girardi. The protagonist  takes a job as the Assistant Commissioner for Human Opportunity, and constantly fights his constipated father to use the bathroom. Later, the protagonist of this novel is left by his girlfriend in Rome after sleeping with the prostitute Lina. The main character becomes involved with women he calls "The Pilgrim" and "The Pumpkin" in addition to Mary Jane Reed, who is dubbed "The Monkey." For 10 points, name this novel in which the title character tells his story to Dr. Spielvogel, written by Philip Roth.;;Portnoy's Complaint
;;One of this author's poems condemns a man who goes to parties and steals people's napkins, and another describes a voyage home on a boat that resembles a bean pod. This author addressed his town Sirmio as "the most pleasant of peninsulas," and asks for more kisses than grains of sand in the desert in another poem. He translated Callimachus's poem "The Lock of Berence," and this member of the Neoteric group dedicated his collection of poems called "nugae" to Cornelius Nepos. This figure's more famous poems include one about the death of his lover's sparrow, and one beginning "ave atque vale" on the death of his brother. For 10 points, name this Roman poet who wrote poems to Lesbia.;;(Gaius) (Valerius) Catullus
;;The first one of these works features a bassoon chord meant to imitate a fart. Another one quotes from the Croatian folk song "a little girl treads on a brook" in the final movement and gets its name from the opening timpani rhythm. One of these works got its nickname from an incident at the premiere when a chandelier fell from the ceiling but did not hurt any audience members. In addition to pieces titled "Drumroll" and "Miracle" a "ticking" rhythm appear in one of these works subtitled "Clock" and the best-known one features a sudden fortissimo G chord in the soft second movement. For 10 points, name this group of Haydn compositions including one titled "Surprise" that are named for an English city.;;London (Symphonies)
;;Meetings at this event were convened by prayers of Reverend Strong, and this event was satirized by a William Charles cartoon called "Leap No Leap" in which one of its leaders was jumping into a king's lap. Some attendees of this event were referred to by the term "blue lights." Theodore Dwight published a History of this event, while Harrison Gray Otis published Letters in Defense of it. George Cabot served as its president and was a part of its dominant faction, the Essex Junto. This conference sought to amend the Constitution to limit presidents to one term and abolish the three-fifths clause. It was ultimately rendered ineffective by the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. For 10 points, name this meeting of Federalists who opposed the War of 1812, which took place in Connecticut.;;Hartford (Convention)
;;One ruler of this name was influenced by Arnau de Vilanova to enact law codes such as the Constitutiones regales and the Ordinationes generales.  That ruler of this name was the first to take the title King of Trinacria, which he was granted by the Peace of Caltabellotta, and was a son of Peter III of Aragon. Another ruler of this name used his marriage to Yolande of Brienne to claim the crown of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. That ruler of this name was excommunicated by Gregory IX and was stripped of his position as emperor by Innocent IV, though he had earlier led the Sixth Crusade.  Another ruler of this name was defeated at the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League and drowned in the Saleph River while attempting to join the Third Crusade.  For 10 points, give this regnal name held by the first Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor, a certain Barbarossa.;;Frederick
;;Jacques Ibert wrote a concerto for this instrument for Marcel Moyse, and Messaien's Le merle noir is for this instrument and piano. A quartet of these instruments, whose lowest note is either Middle C or a half-step below, attempt to respond to the trumpet's five-note query in Ives' The Unanswered Question. A physical property of platinum lends its name to Varese's work for this instrument solo, Density 21.5, and Walter Piston wrote a ballet about an "Incredible" player of this instrument.  This transverse instrument, which supplanted the recorder, is also known for its low-register unaccompanied solo at the beginning of Debussy's Prelude To The Afternoon Of A Faun. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument whose dimunitive relative is the piccolo.;;flute
;;One theorem named for this man states that the group of units of a ring is finitely generated, and one function named for this man has a pole at s=1 if chi is a principal character. Another theorem named for this man states that there are an infinite number of rational numbers p over q within one over q squared of any given irrational number, a result known as his diophantine approximation theorem. His namesake statistical distribution is the conjugate prior of the multinomial distribution, and his original proof of his namesake theorem on arithmetic progressions of primes used his L-functions, which are also used to generalize the Riemann hypothesis. He gives his name to values that solutions of a partial differential equation, but not their derivatives, must take on a border, known as his namesake boundary conditions. For 10 points, name this French mathematician who also lends his name to the pigeonhole principle.;;Dirichlet
;;In this novel, the young Spanish girl Mariequita acts as a foil to the main character who herself has two young sons named Etienne and Raoul. Doctor Mandelet is one of the few characters in the novel that suspects the main character of committing affairs, while Mademoiselle Reisz knows definitively that the main character has had affair with Robert Lebrun. The main character, the wife of Leonce, is also romanced by Alcee Arobin, the most. promiscuous man of Grand Isle, which eventually leads her to drowning herself in the Gulf of Mexico. Edna Pontellier breaks from the social constraints of females in the South in, for 10 points, what 1899 novel, the most famous by author Kate Chopin?.;;(The) Awakening
;;Spectral lines generated by this effect are moved when one nuclear isomer is replaced by another, and in order for this effect to occur E sub R must be less than one-half of the linewidth for the corresponding transition. Spectral lines of molecules undergoing this effect display a characteristic namesake "wing". One quantity important in this effect is equal to the exponential of a polynomial involving the absolute value of the scattering vector q, and gives a ratio of transitions via this effect to purely resonant transitions, known as the Debye-Waller factor. Originally discovered in a block of Iridium, this effect was used via a pair of samples of iron attached to loudspeakers in order to prove the existence of gravitational redshift by Pound and Rebka. For 10 points, name this effect in which solid atoms absorb and emit gamma rays in a recoil-free manner, named for a German.;;Mossbauer (effect)
;;This thinker argued that propositions were the true objects of thought in an early paper titled, "The Nature of Judgment", the ideas of which are taken largely from this philosopher's dissertation, "The Metaphysical Basis of Ethics". This thinker denied that one could conclude that all relations are internal from Leibniz's law in the paper "External and Internal Relations", while another famous paper by this philosopher asked whether esse was principi en route to arguing against A.E. Taylor's version of the titular philosophy. This philosopher offered his hands as the titular concept in his paper titled "Proof of an external world", and in his most famous work argued that it was impossible to define goodness in natural terms. The author of "The Refutation of Idealism", for 10 points, identify this thinker who critiqued the naturalistic fallacy in his magnum opus, Principia Ethica.;;(George) (Edward) Moore
;;At the beginning of this novel, one character requests a shot of vitamin B to ward off sluggishness, and receives a phone call which is overheard by the gossipy O-haru. Another character gains acclaim for making traditional dolls, and performs a dance entitled "Snow". At the recital, she is photographed by Itakura, who later rescues her from a flood. Mrs. Itani suggests a series of marriage prospects for another of the main characters, who is finally engaged to Mimaki at the end of the novel. That character, Yukiko, prefers to stay with the Ashiya branch of the family, rather than with the main family, which moves to Tokyo from Osaka. Tsuruko, Sachiko, and Taeko are, for 10 points, the other titular characters of what novel by Junichiro Tanizaki?.;;(The) Makioka Sisters
;;The events of this opera follow from the sickness of Garzia and burning of a woman, whose daughter accidentally throws her own baby in the same fire. That story is told to retainers by the captain of the guard in "Abbietta zingara". The Count and Troubador decide to duel soon after singing "Di geloso amor spezzato" with their love Leonora, who faints to end Act I. The second act opens with the "Vedi! le fosche notturne spoglie". Ferrando later captures the Gypsy woman who had burned her child, and her supposed son holds Leonora as she dies from taking poison. For 10 points, name this Verdi opera about Manrico, Azucena, and the Count Di Luna, which contains the Anvil Chorus.;;Il Trovatore
;;This figure was the protector of Imsety on Earth, and Nemty lost his toes as a result of bring this deity to Central Island.In one quest, this figure was accompanied by 7 scorpions as guardians, and in a story paralleling that of Demeter, this figure tried to grant immortality to the son of Astarte while serving as her nursemaid en route to discovering a certain item in a fragrant tree of the palace. By mixing a certain god's saliva with mud to create the first cobra, this figure was able to get that god, Ra, to reveal his secret name. This figure cut off her black hair and destroyed her robes when her husband entered that box made of cedar, ebony, and ivory, though she later reassembled the pieces of his body. For 10 points, name this first daughter of Geb and Nut, the goddess of fertility and wife of Osiris.;;Isis
;;One of this author's novels shows Basil Seal attempting to slow the growing insanity of the Chief of the Chiefs of Sakuyu, an Oxford graduate named Seth who has proclaimed himself the emperor of Arizona. In addition to Black Mischief, this author wrote about John Beaver, who attempts to seduce Brenda in order to further the business of his interior decorator mother. That same novel shows the owner of Hetton Abbey forced to read Charles Dickens novels to a savage in the jungle; that man is Tony Last. His best-known novel shows Samgrass hold on to all the expense money of Sebastian's regiment; Sebastian is a friend of Charles Ryder, a painter who is a houseguest at the residence of Lord and Lady Marchmain. For 10 points, name this author of A Handful of Dust and Brideshead Revisited.;;(Evelyn) (Arthur) (St(.)) (John) Waugh
;;This artist showed three tall trees on the left side of his painting of a river valley with the title mountain in the background of his Franconia Notch. He depicted a city across a harbor from a forest in his Progress (The Advance of Civilization). A Benjamin Field poem called Moonlight was the basis for this man's painting of the Hudson behind the title Trysting Tree. Early in his life, he established his reputation with the engraving for Trumbull's Declaration of Independence. Another painting by this man shows Kaaterskill Falls and the Clove of the Catskills as two men stand on a ledge on the left. For 10 points, name this Hudson River School painter who depicted William Cullen Bryant and Thomas Cole in his Kindred Spirits.;;(Asher) (Brown) Durand
;;Two figures on the left of this paining are derived from a Holbein print of gamblers unaware of Death. A sword is hanging from the belt of a figure sitting at a table who faces backward, while the figures on the left wear contemporary garb and the two men on the right wear cloaks. This painting features three sources of light including an oilskin-covered window, as well as a bearded figure whose left hand is pointing at his own chest while his right hand is on a coin. This painting is found alongside two works about the "inspiration" and "martyrdom" of the title figure in the Contarelli Chapel. Depicting a man formerly known as Levi, for 10 points, name this painting in which Jesus summons a tax collector, by Caravaggio.;;(The) Calling of St(.) Matthew
;;When TFEB translocates to the nucleus, it results in a corresponding increase in the number of these organelles. A glycosphingolipid in this organelle, iGb3, is necessary for the production of natural killer cells. P-type lectins direct enzymes that have been tagged with mannose-6-phosphate to this organelle. Christian Rene de Duve discovered this organelle after centrifuging liver cells and discovering an abnormally high amount of acid phosphatase. Malfunction of this organelle can lead to a buildup of gangliosides in Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, name these organelles that perform autophagy by digesting unneeded or excess cellular materials.;;lysosomes
;;This composer included the tenor saxophone in his sixth symphony whose final movement was inspired by the quote, "We are such stuff / As dreams are made on" from The Tempest. This composer borrowed a speech about the Crimean War pleading for peace in Dona nobis pacem, while the landscape of East Anglia inspired In the Fen Country. He used the poems "Passage to India" and "On the Beach at Night Alone" from Leaves of Grass in one symphony, while another piece was inspired by a George Meredith poem. This composer of The Lark Ascending adapted music for the film Scott of the Antarctic into his Sinfonia Antarctica. For 10 points, name this English composer of Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.;;(Ralph) Vaughan(-)Williams
;;At one point in this work, the writer laments that he keeps on doing the evil he does not want to do. In the fourteenth chapter of this work, he urges believers to accept those whose faith is weak and can only eat vegetables. This work confidently proclaims that "in all things God works for the good of those who love him" and that "our present sufferings are not worth comparing" with future glory. This book judges that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God and that the wages of sin is death. It also poses the theological argument that man received death through Adam's sin but life through the one act of righteousness performed by Jesus. For 10 points, name this epistle written by Paul which appears after Acts and is addressed to the residents of a major city in Italy.;;Romans
;;One part of this poem describes how Indians see God in clouds and the sky, and another section describes how, with sense true, a nice bee can derive honey from poison herbs. Before this poem notes "One truth is clear, whatever is, is right", it asks if a lamb would skip and play were it endowed with the knowledge of its impending doom. The fourth and last epistle concludes by informing the reader that "all our knowledge is-Ourselves to know", while the first epistle of this poem begins with an invocation to St. John and the announcement that this work will "vindicate the ways of God to man", before noting that "Hope springs eternal in the breast of man". For 10 points, name this poem which pronounces the "proper study of mankind", a work of Alexander Pope about people.;;Essay on Man
;;In 1984, the government in the nation where this lake is located closed down a large pulp and paper plant on its shore to lower the high rate of pollution. One town on this lake contains a structure translated as "Nut Fortress", while the town itself means "key fortress", as it was reportedly considered one of the "keys" to Ingria. An archipelago in this lake is noted for its Orthodox monastery and is named "Valaam". The Treaty of Tartu demilitarized this lake among the two countries bordering it. The Karelian Isthmus separates this lake from the Baltic Sea. During World War II, supplies were brought to a certain besieged city through the "Road of Life", which was across this lake. For 10 points, name this largest freshwater lake in Europe, a lake located near St. Petersburg.;;(Lake) Ladoga
;;At one point in this play, a character claims the head of a man is actually the head of a slain lion. In the second scene a servant says he saw chains miraculously disappear from prisoners after he discusses arresting a man who did not resist and voluntarily offered his wrists. One character foils the protagonist by summoning an earthquake to allow him to escape prison. One character in this play dresses like a woman and hides in pine branches after hearing rumors of women suckling wolves and girdling themselves with tame snakes. At the end of this play Agave leads a group of women who tear apart her son Pentheus. For 10 points, name this Euripides play titled for the frenzied maenads who worship Dionysius.;;(The) Bacchae
;;The effective potential in this theory includes a term known as the "vector correction", which is logarithmic in in the ratio of the frequency to the Debye frequency. This theory uses three Green's correlation functions whose poles give the excitation energy, and much of the experimental corroboration for this theory came from electron tunneling experiments conducted by Ivar Giaever. In this theory, an attractive potential exists within a Debye energy of the Fermi surface and this theory's successes include the explanation of the isotope effect and the prediction of the energy gap in the excitation spectrum after transition. For 10 points, identify this theory in which the interaction of phonons with electron pairs results in superconductivity, named for its three formulators.;;Bardeen(-)Cooper(-)Schrieffer (theory)
;;This director made a film in which the smuggler Guy Van Stratten is hired to research the past of Mr. Arkadin. This director drew from five Shakespeare plays to create a complete story of Falstaff in Chimes at Midnight He directed a film that begins with a three-minute long continuous tracking shot that is interrupted with a car blowing up. That film features corrupt cop Hank Quinlan and stars Charlton Heston as drug agent Mike Vargas. This director of Touch of Evil made a film in which Jerry Thompson researches the life of the title character, who attempts to make Susan Alexander an opera star and whispers the word "Rosebud" on his deathbed. For 10 points, name this director of Citizen Kane.;;(Orson) Welles
;;In one of this man's experiments, he had a group of people feed dialogue to a student interacting with another person, who did not realize he was talking to multiple personalities. That experiment coined the term "cyranoid". In another of his experiments, he had groups watch an episode of Medical Center with different endings to see if a more violent ending would cause violent behavior. He sent packages to people in Omaha, Nebraska, seeing if they could eventually pass the packages on to Boston. This "small world" experiment reportedly showed there were "six degrees of separation". His most famous experiment was conducted at Yale University and was inspired by the trial of Adolf Eichmann. For 10 points, name this psychologist who conducted an experiment in which ordinary people demonstrated their obedience to authority by administering seemingly painful electric shocks to victims.;;(Stanley) Milgram
;;In this novel the mentally retarded James Robert Bell is kept naked in a cage and feed feces. In one scene characters draw arrows to determine who will have horses to ride through a desert leading the main character to acquire David Brown's necklace of human ears. The protagonist burns down a building in Nacogdoches with an earless man named Louis Toadvine. The apostate priest Tobin tries to convince the main character to kill a giant albino after their leader John Joel Glanton is killed. At the end of this novel the protagonist is murdered in an outhouse by a giant albino known as Judge Holden. For 10 points, name this novel in which "the kid" joins a band of scalp hunters, written by Cormac McCarthy.;;Blood Meridian
;;Research by Papathinasiou and Wasserburg in the 1970s demonstrated that the SNC meteorites originated from this body. The earliest stage of evolution of this body is called the Noachian epoch, and a large formation on this body has deformed its lithospheric crust to create features like the Argyre basin. Unlike its nearest neighbor of the same type, this body lacks a dipolar magnetic field, thought the presence of radial magnetic fields suggest that it may be home to a magma ocean. Its surface is home to the Hellas impact basin as well as a long trench running 3000 miles from the Noctis Labyrinthus, and the Phoenix mission has recently confirmed the discovery of water on this body. Home to the Tharsis region, the Valles Marineris, and the tallest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, for 10 points, identify this planet orbited by Deimos and Phobos, which is red.;;Mars
;;An important early work by this thinker uses the author of Watteau in Venice as a platform for speculation about narratology. In one of this man's works, this author of Writer Sollers uses the term stadium to refer to a range of meanings obvious to everyone, while punctum refers to an intensely private meaning, but in another work, this author of he used hermeneutic, semic, and proairetic codes to break down a short story by Balzac. This author of Camera Lucida analyzed an advertisement for laundry soap and described the cultural significance of red wine, boxing, and Einstein's Brain, while the titular event of his most famous work presages "the birth of the reader". For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote S/Z, Mythologies, and "The Death of the Author".;;(Roland) Barthes
;;Laplace replaced this law with the adiabatic law to give a correct derivation of the speed of sound. This law was discovered during its namesake's attempts to disprove Franciscus Linus's funicular hypothesis. This law was later derived by taking the limit as the ratio of molecular diameter to average intermolecular distance goes to zero. One experiment verifying this law involves taking a J-shaped piece of glass tubing, sealing air at one end, and placing varying amounts of mercury into the tube. The air pump designed to verify this law was designed by Robert Hooke, an assistant to its namesake. For 10 points, name this gas law which states that for an ideal gas at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional, a law named after an Irish chemist.;;Boyle(-)Mariotte (Law)
;;In one of this artist's paintings, an old man is seen on the left drawing something with a stick while smoke rises from a temple. Another paintings shows a red-clothed man fervently praying as he stands in a boat about to go through rapids. Along with The Architect's Dream, he painted a canvas in which a decapitated statue with a shield can be seen in the upper right while pillaging occurs below. This artist painted a series featuring a man who ages while accompanied by his guardian angel called The Voyage of Life, while another series includes works subtitled "The Arcadian" and "The Savage State". For 10 points, name this artist from the Hudson River School who painted The Course of Empire series and The Oxbow.;;(Thomas) Cole
;;This character is disturbed when his beloved tells him about a dream in which an old peasant rummaging through a sack told her she would die giving birth. He survives a suicide attempt in which he shot himself in the chest after the birth of his daughter, and while living in Italy he hires Mikhailov to paint a portrait of his lover. His horse Frou-Frou breaks its back during a race while trying to pass another horse named Gladiator. Kitty initially rejects the proposal of Konstantine Levin because she loves this man, who has an affair with a woman who ultimately throws herself in front of a train. For 10 points, name this nobleman who loves Anna Karenina in a Tolstoy novel.;;(Count) (Alexei) Vronsky
;;After a pitched battle, this figure slew the king of Caenina, Acron. This figure had a bodyguard named Celer who formed a posse called the Celeres who, as a group, guarded this figure. Also the creator of the Curitia, one story of his death has him disappear in a great storm, never to be seen again, although other sources have him rent limb from limb in a government building. This son of Rhea Silvia was fed by the woodpecker Picus during his infancy, a time at which he was also suckled by Lupa. Later deified as Quirius, this figure killed his brother after that brother lept over a wall to mock him. For 10 points, name this twin brother of Remus, for whom the capital of Italy is named.;;Romulus
;;A key strategy in this battle saw the winning side successfully attack Old Vineyards and implement the "Lion's Leap" maneuver against Pratecky Hill, while many of the losing side's casualties were incurred after fleeing troops made a poorly-chosen dash across the Satschan ponds and drowned. The victorious commander lost only one battalion, at the hands of Grand Duke Constantine's Imperial Guard, and ordered Davout's men into a breakneck march to reach the Southern border of the battlefield. That commander chose the troops under Bernadotte as the elite reserve force, characteristically committing them at the moment of crisis in a charge on the Pratzen Heights. This battle forced the surrender of Venice to the Italian puppet state in the Treaty of Pressburg, and saw the defeat of troops led by Francis II and Alexander I. For 10 points, name this "Battle of the Three Emperors" which saw Napoleon smash the Third Coalition.;;(Battle) (of) Austerlitz
;;During a key debate with rival John Turner over patronage appointments, this man made the famous zinger "You had an option, sir-to say no". He filed a libel lawsuit over allegations he had received bribes during the Airbus affair. This man met with his American counterpart in the so-called Shamrock Summit on St. Patrick's Day, a precursor to the signing of the Free Trade Agreement between their two countries. While prime minister, this man attempted to negotiate a series of amendments which would give increased provincial powers to Quebec. This failed agreement was the Meech Lake Accord. For 10 points, name this Progressive Conservative Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993, who was succeeded by Kim Campbell and then Jean Chretien.;;(Brian) Mulroney
;;This author wrote about a man who assassinates General Juan Alvarado before winning a boxing match against Danny Ward in "The Mexican". Another work by this author describes the Nashville Massacre, where eight hundred weavers were killed, and is written as the manuscript of Avis Everhard, who tried to sabotage "The Oligarchy". This author of The Iron Heel wrote about a man who ignores the warnings of the "old-timer on Sulphur Creek" and freezes to death after a tree dumps snow on his work. The protagonist of another novel defeats Spitz to become leader of a team before the Yee-hat Indians kill his master, John Thorton. For 10 points, name this author of "To Build a Fire" who wrote about the sled dog Buck in The Call of the Wild.;;(Jack) London
;;In this work's second section, the cymbal, flute, and violins play quietly while the tenor whispers, "Move him into the sun". The first movement introduces the recurring tritone between C and F-sharp. The penultimate movement consists of alterations between excerpts from the B-minor and C-major scales, ending with the hushed chorus holding the final syllable of "sempiternam". The boys chorus quotes from the composer's earlier canticle Abraham and Isaac at the beginning of the "Offertorium". At the end of this work, the baritone and tenor converge to sing "let us sleep now" before all three sections of the chorus join to repeat "requiescant in pace". Commissioned for the reconsecration of the Coventry Cathedral, for 10 points, name this choral mass featuring the poetry of Wilfred Owen, composed by Benjamin Britten.;;War Requiem
;;Like John Hicks, this economist described bundles of goods that could be analyzed together, which he termed "composite commodities". One idea advanced by this man was criticized in by Edward Leamer who drew upon an idea modified by Vanek, but that result was supported by a 1972 study by Robert Baldwin. Earlier, B. C. Swerling criticized that result on the grounds that this man had chosen to analyze data from an year with abnormal trading conditions. This man also developed a linear model of an economy that uses a consumption matrix to denote the dollar value of goods consumed and produced by various industries of an economy. For 10 points, identify this economist whose "paradox" is inconsistent with the Hechsher-Olin model, best known for his development of the input-output analysis.;;(Wassily) Leontief
;;The brief first section of this work describes how the protagonist is a servant of Mrs. Van Hopper in Monte Carlo before shockingly marrying an upper-class man. The protagonist of this novel is nearly hypnotized into jumping to her death before rockets signaling a shipwreck snap her back to sanity. At the end of this novel, a magistrate named Colonel Julwin deems a suspicious death a suicide before Jack Favell and Mrs. Danvers burn down the male protagonist's home. The unnamed protagonist of this novel marries Maxim de Winter, who shot the adulterous title character, his first wife, and sunk her corpse in a boat. The oft-quoted first line of this novel is "Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again". For 10 points, name this novel by Daphne du Maurier.;;Rebecca
;;In one song, this band's singer describes "walkin' through some youth, smilin' through some pain" before repeating the title message. That song, "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)", can be found on the second of their Music to Crash Your Car To compilations. One song by this group notes that "in seasons of wither / we'll stand and deliver" before advocating that the listener "Be strong, laugh, and" perform the title action. The title figure of another of their songs is said to be both "the one that makes you feel all right" and "your Frankenstein", while in an earlier song, they praised the "red lips, fingertips" of the title figures, who are "dancin' down on the Sunset Strip". For 10 points, identify this band which released the songs "Shout at the Devil", "Dr. Feelgood", "Saints of Los Angeles", and "Girls Girls Girls", founded by Nikki Sixx and Tommy Lee.;;Motley Crue
;;One master of this instrument worked with Nat and Cannonball Adderley on his album Bohemia After Dark and was nicknamed "Klook". Another man who played this instrument wrote the album We Insist! -Freedom Now for the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation and founded the orchestra M'Boom. In addition to Kenny Clarke and Max Roach, another master of this instrument recorded the album A Night in Birdland while leading his band the Jazz Messengers. A bandleader known for this instrument gained fame in Benny Goodman's band for playing the solo in "Sing, Sing, Sing", and Elvin Jones played it in the Coltrane Quartet. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Art Blakey, Gene Krupa, and Ringo Starr.;;Drums
;;According to legend, this man would hide in the bushes to see whether his soldiers were drinking. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft proved that this man made a mistake in naming Leech Lake as the source of the Mississippi River. This man's papers were confiscated by Nemesio Salcedo, who was convinced he was spying on New Spain. This man coined the name "Great American Desert" for the region he most famously explored. He died while leading an amphibious assault on York during the War of 1812. An expedition led by John Fremont later named what this man called "Grand Peak" after him. For 10 points, give this "Lost Pathfinder" and namesake of the Rocky Mountains peak that allegedly inspired the song America the Beautiful.;;(Zebulon) (Montgomery) Pike
;;This artist showed Alekto dragging Mars out of the Temple of Janus as he stomps on a book representing the arts in The Consequences of War, which is paired with The Allegory on the Blessings of Peace. He featured a fountain with water spouting out of the breasts of a statue of Diana on the right side of a painting that shows him dancing with Helene Fourment. He painted Saturn lifting Veritas up to heaven in The Triumph of Truth, which is the last work in a series including The Disembarkation at Marseilles and Louis XIII Comes of Age. This artist of The Garden of Love painted a cycle based on the life of Marie de Medici. For 10 points, name this Flemish painter of The Descent from the Cross known for his voluptuous nudes.;;(Peter) (Paul) Rubens
;;Along with Eduardo Martinez, this man developed the first large-scale process to synthesize the anti-cancer drug Ecteinascidin. A lactone named for him is the precursor to several prostaglandins for which he developed total-synthetic routes. This man's namesake ylide is used in a reaction converting a carbonyl to an epoxide, which is co-named for this man and Michael Chaykovsky. A reaction in which terminal alkynes can be produced by the homologation of an aldehyde through a triphenylphosphine is co-named for this American chemist of Lebanese descent and Philip Fuchs. For 10 points, name this 1990 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, a professor at Harvard best known for his contributions to retrosynthetic analysis.;;(Elias) (James) Corey
;;A popular model organism in this order is Manduca sexta. This order can be divided, based on the relationship between the ovipore and copulatory pore in females, into montrysians, exoporians, and ditrysians. Organisms in this order have four wings, each of which are covered in scales. Some organisms in this phylum can synthesize hydrogen cyanide. One species in this order, Biston betularia, exhibited a marked shift in the ratio of its light and dark forms during the Industrial Revolution. Larvae in this order include tent worms, armyworms, and inchworms, as well as the most common form, caterpillars. For 10 points, giant silk worms and monarchs belong to which order of insects consisting of moths and butterflies?.;;Lepidoptera
;;Abel Servien was charged with disrupting the finances of many of the major players in this conflict. Spanish intervention in this conflict was led by the archduke Leopold Wilhelm and successfully resisted at Guise by the Duke of Choiseul. That commander's greatest victory came at the Battle of Blanc-Champ in spite of a dispute between the Picardie regiment and the Gardes francaises that gave Turenne an opening. That battle, also known as Rethel, was decisive in the second, or Prince's phase of this conflict; the peace of Rueil finished the Parlement's phase after the Peace of Westphalia freed the Prince de Conde's army to rush to the aid of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin. For 10 points, name this French civil war beginning in 1648 which plagued the early reign of Louis XIV and takes its name from a child's sling.;;(The) Fronde
;;At the beginning of this opera a baritone describes getting money from an English Lord who hired him to play nonstop until a parrot died. The soprano tells her lover to keep a pink bonnet hidden under her pillow in the aria "Donde lieta usci". The tenor worries about a woman's cold hands in the aria" Che Gelida Manina" after a flower girl asks for a match because her two candles went out. In "Vecchia Zimarra" Colline laments selling his favorite coat to buy medicine. This opera's second act features the aria "Quando me n'vo" in which Musetta dances her waltz to recapture her former lover Marcello. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera set in the Latin Quarter of Paris, which ends when Mimi dies in the hands of Rodolfo.;;(La) Boheme
;;One section of this work concludes with the exhortation to "wake," because "when the journey's over, there'll be time enough to sleep." Another work in this collection discusses how "the Nile spills his overflow / Beside the Severn's Dead" and claims "Fifty years to-night / that God saved the Queen". Another poem in this collection is set "by brooks too broad for leaping … in fields where roses fade". One speaker in this work declares "silence sounds no worse than cheers / after earth has stopped the ears". Containing "With Rue My Heart is Laden", it also contains a work that claims "Early though the laurel grows / it withers quicker than the rose". For 10 points, name this poetry collection that contains "To an Athlete Dying Young", written by A.E. Housman.;;(A) Shropshire Lad
;;A recent television appearance saw the artist behind this song praise its simplicity while introducing David Beckham to the Chicken and Waffles breakfast experience, while this song's video leads Beavis to claim that he used to go to the Compton Swap Meet with the singer. That video features an extended intro where the purported father of one of the singers tells the singer "don't be messin' with the 8 track". The singer complains that "Every body got their cups, but they ain't chipped in", while the role of the singer's younger brother in this track's video is played by Lil Bow Wow, who had been discovered by the singer a year earlier. Its chorus sees the singer claim that he is "Laid back with my mind on my money, and my money on my mind", perhaps because of his resounding affinity for Tanqueray. For 10 points, name this 1994 track off Doggystyle, a hit for Snoop Dogg.;;Gin and Juice
;;This thinker argued that lazy children are fulfilling their desires when they are scolded in a work that proceeds to discuss how similar they are to children that feign sickness in one work. Another of his works on children concluded that the second born child is likely to be revolutionary, but the one with the least amount of personality defects. The Philosophy of "As If" provided a term that would be central to this the reputation of this philosopher,who put forth three factors - pampering, neglect, and "organ dysfunction" that gives rise to personality problems. The author of Understanding Human Nature, this man coined the term "individual psychology" in another of his works. For 10 points, name this author of The Neurotic Constitution that coined the term "inferiority complex".;;(Alfred) Adler
;;In one work by this author, the title character murders Amedee Fleurissoire after discovering that he and Julius de Baraglioul have the same father. In another of this author's novels, a schoolboy dies during an initiation for a secret society in which he has to shoot himself with a blank bullet but the gun is accidentally filled with a live cartridge. In another novel Gertrude gets pneumonia from jumping into an icy river after a surgery restores her eyesight, while another of his characters does not punish Moktir for stealing his wife's sewing scissors. Along with The Pastoral Symphony, he wrote about Jerome and Alyssa making a pact of eternal love as ten-year-olds in his novel Strait is the Gate. This author wrote about Marcelline who dies of tuberculosis in Algeria while her husband Michel pursues Arab boys. For 10 points, name this French author who wrote The Counterfeiters and The Immoralist.;;(Andre) Gide
;;The usual form of this procedure takes the form of two transesterifications: the first transesterification has a branch-point two-prime hydroxyl making a nucleophilic back-attack to form a so-called lariat intermediate that is then liberated by a the second transesterification. That so-called canonical pathway for this process makes use of the accessory enzymes SF1 and 2 and BBP, which work in complement with the major catalyst, a protein-RNA complex comprised of five snRNPs and named for this process. Sections to undergo this process are marked by a three-prime AG and five-prime GU. For 10 points, name this genetic process whereby a transcript RNA is prepared for translation by the removal of introns.;;splicing
;;This poet commented, "You need the untranslatable ice to watch" in a poem appearing in the appendix of a collection that features "the sonnet-ballad" which questions, "Oh mother, mother, where is happiness?" This poet asserted, "Abortions will not let you forget" and began another poem, "Think of sweet and choclate / Left to folly or to fate". One book features sections titled "Womanhood" and "The Anniad", and she also wrote "Dinner is a casual affair" for the eponymous "old yellow pair" in "The Bean Eaters". This author of A Street in Bronzeville and Annie Allen wrote a poem including the lines, "We / Jazz June. We / Die soon". For 10 points, name this female African-American poet who wrote "We Real Cool".;;(Gwendolyn) Brooks
;;Pundalik sets out a brick for this god to sit on in the guise of Vithoba after he locates his wife. Indradyumna asked Vishvakarma to make a limbless log statue of this god. He married the sixteen thousand one hundred maiden captives of Narakasura, adding to a list of wives which included Jambavati. After being raised by Yasoda and Nanda he killed his uncle Kamsa, while his siblings include Subhadra and Balarama. Jayadeva's Gita Govinda recounts his affairs with Radha and the gopis. This god gives his army to Duryodhana though he serves as charioteer to Arjuna, his conversational partner in the Bhagavad Gita. For 10 points, name this Hindu deity, usually depicted with blue skin.;;Krishna
;;This man dealt with a troublesome guerrilla force in Kwilu by inviting its leader, Pierre Mulele, to a formal negotiation and then pulling off various parts of Mulele over the course of a day. The Popular Movement of the Revolution promulgated this man's doctrine of "nationalism", "revolution", and "authenticity" in the Manifesto of N'Sele. He faced two conflicts centered around the Shaba province, and rose to supreme power after his major rival and predecessor was captured and executed, likely with the aid of nefarious CIA operative Sydney Gottlieb. This predecessor of Laurent-Desire Kabila deposed the government of Joseph Kasavubu, forced Moise Tshombe to flee Katanga, and benefited from the aforementioned murder of  Patrice Lumumba. For 10 points, identify this African strongman who weathered the Congo Crisis to become the President of Zaire.;;Mobutu (Sese) (Seko)
;;This composer quoted the protest song "I was sewing millet" in his Piano Trio in G-minor inspired by the death of his daughter after moving to Sweden. His tone poems include Richard III and Hakon Jarl, while he honored the wedding of Emperor Franz Josef in his Triumphal Symphony. In the finale of his first string quartet the music abruptly stops before the violin plays a sustained tremolo symbolizing his deafness. Along with a string quartet subtitled "From My Life", he composed a work with a section inspired by an Amazon saved by Prince Ctirad, titled "Sarka", and that work's first movement is based on the Vysehrad Castle in Prague. For 10 points, name this Czech composer who included "Die Moldau" in his Ma Vlast.;;(Bedrich) Smetana
;;This poet wrote "We can make our lives sublime, / And, departing, leave behind us / Footprints on the sands of time". He wrote about seeing the "face of one long dead" in a poem about the death of his wife titled "Cross of Snow". The speaker asserts, "Let us, then, be up and doing / With a heart for fate" in a poem that begins "Tell me not in mournful numbers, / Life is but an empty dream!" This author of "The Psalm of Life" wrote a poem about a man who stands "under a spreading chestnut tree", while another poem concerns an Arcadian woman who loves Gabriel Lajeunesse and begins with the line "This is the forest primeval". For 10 points, name this poet who wrote Evangeline and "Paul Revere's Ride".;;(Henry) (Wadsworth) Longfellow
;;One thinker formulated the Multiple Drafts Model to explain this phenomenon, while another philosopher, Joseph Levine, has proposed that our understanding of this phenomenon is limited by the "explanatory gap". Colin McGinn used the concept of cognitive closure to argue that this phenomenon will never be properly understood. Thomas Nagel opens his essay, "What is it like to be a bat?" with the assertion that this phenomenon "is what makes the mind-body problem really intractable", while Daniel Dennett argued against the existence of a "Cartesian Theater", in a 1991 book about this phenomenon "explained". David Chalmers notably called explaining its subjective character the "hard problem" of this phenomenon. Philosophical zombies are held to lack, for 10 points, what attribute of minds, which equates to awareness?.;;consciousness
;;In the run-up to this conflict, three rulers signed Lowenwolde's treaty, an agreement to back Emmanuel of Portugal. One front saw the sieges of Kehl and Philipsburg and the aborted siege to Mainz. On another front, Bonnie Prince Charlie had his first-ever experience of combat when he witnessed the siege of Gaita. On that front, an impasse over the use of forces to secure Milan led an angry Charles Emmanuel of Savoy to refuse to lend his siege weapons to the assault on Mantua. Don Carlos of Parma lost his lands but gained the throne of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in this conflict, while France gained Lorraine in exchange for recognising the pragmatic sanction and Augustus of Saxony won the central office. For 10 points, name this war in which France and Spain used Stanislaw Lesczyinski's cause as an excuse to fight Austrian power after Augustus III became king of the namesake country.;;(War) (of) (the) Polish Succession
;;This man wrote the words to a hymn beginning "The Lord will come and not be slow". In another sonnet, the nineteenth in a sequence, he wrote that "God doth not need either man's work or his own gifts".In one of his works, a wicked sorcerer betrays Lady Alice Egerton's trust, telling her that "beauty is Nature's coin, must not be hoarded". In another, this author describes a "two-handed engine" in a pastoral elegy on the death of Edward King. He wrote a closet drama about a pained Old Testament Nazarite, Samson Agonistes, which was set in publication against his New Testament epic poem. The author of both Comus and "Lycidas", this is, for 10 points, which author who also wrote about the Fall of Lucifer in Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained.;;(John) Milton
;;One student of this man explored the creative process in an essay entitled "The Having of Wonderful Ideas. "That student, Eleanor Duckworth, later wrote the introduction to one collection of his essays. Also the teacher of Barbara Inhelder, in his later work, this psychologist considered cognitive structures of development as a differentiation of biological regulations, which played a role in a later concept. This psychologist described a phenomenon in which children are unable to comprehend that something that they cannot see is no longer there, known as object permanence. A proponent of innate instinctual schemas, this psychologist later developed four developmental stages, the last of which is the formal operational one. For 10 points, name this French psychologist.;;(Jean) Piaget
;;This monarch won his crown after hiring the mercenary Falkes de Breaute, whose seasoned troops overwhelmed his foes and captured an old Norma Fortress. This man was not crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, because that man supported Louis VIII of France's claim to the throne at the time. Instead, this monarch relied on the support of a prolifically successful tournament champion, the 1st Earl of Pembroke, William Marshal, to secure his claim by winning the aforementioned Battle of Lincoln. His decision to fund a war in Sicily to secure a title for his son Edmund eroded his support, though his major domestic opponent would be killed by this man's son at the Battle of Evesham in the Second Barons' War. This father of Edward Longshanks succeeded John Lackland and was forced to sign the Provisions of Oxford by Simon de Montfort. For 10 points, identify this Plantagenet monarch of England, the third of his name.;;Henry (III|the Third){1}?|Henry of Winchester
;;This river is named for a section which is limestone-bottomed and was once incredibly clear. One dam on this river created a lake named for a politician, J. Edward Roush. A set of faults in a seismic zonenamed for this river caused a magnitude 5.2 earthquake in 2008 felt in West Salem, Mt. Caramel, and Belmont. The United States suffered its worst-ever military defeat at the hands of Native Americans, St. Clair's defeat at the hands of the forces of Little Turtle and Blue Jacket, near this river's banks. The Tippecanoe, White, and Vermilion rivers flow through it, and it passes through Lafayette, Vincennes, and Terre Haute before flowing into the Ohio. For 10 points, identify this river whose name appears in Indiana's state song.;;Wabash
;;The Aberdeen Head is considered to be a precursor to one of this artist's best known works. A legend claims that a stain on the thigh of one work came from a boy who tried to have sex with the statue because it was so lifelike. He showed a figure leaning on a tree trunk while resting his right forearm on his head in the Lycian Apollo, and he made another statue modeled from the famous courtesan Phryne. This sculptor depicted a boy preparing to strike a reptile climbing a tree in Apollo Sauroktonos and showed a woman modestly covering her genitals in Cnidian Aphrodite. His best-known work shows a god carrying a baby in his left arm. For 10 points, name this Attic sculptor who made Hermes and the Infant Dionysius.;;Praxiteles
;;The aristocratic Fourteen Families survived the crash of this country's indigo industry by slavedriving their way into coffee-producing wealth, while its natoional tradition venerates the Pipil warriors who repelled Pedro de Alvorado. Occult enthusiast Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez responded to Farabundo Marti's 1932 peasant uprising in this country by initiating a brutally systematic mass murder of its citizens known as "the slaughter, or la matanza. Roberto D'Aubuisson, the founder of this country's ARENA party, was revealed to be incurably genocidal and implicated in the deaths of Rutilio Grande and Archbishop Oscar Romero. Tensions over the border near the Gulf of Fonseca were ignited by a 1970 FIFA qualifying match, leading this country and Honduras to fight the soccer war. For 10 points, name this Central American country with capital at San Salvador.;;El Salvador
;;This property forms the basis of a classification scheme for active galactic nuclei developed by Fanaroff and Riley. One empirical law gives this property as a function of the velocity dispersion of an elliptical galaxy, while for spiral galaxies, it can be found from an empirical fit to the logarithm of the amplitude of maximum rotation. Given by the Faber-Jackson and Tully-Fisher relations for galaxies, stars for which this property exceeds the Eddington limit will be unstable. Two objects' relative magnitude is proportional to the logarithm of quotient of their values for this property, which can be found from the temperature and radius of an object via the Stefan-Boltzmann law. For 10 points, name this quantity located on the vertical axis on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, equivalent to an object's power output.;;Luminosity
;;In 2009, Brown et. Al showed that a naphthalene-derived structure catalyzed one type of this reaction, yielding the highest enantioselectivity to date induced by the chiral cavity of a supramolecular assembly. Degenerate forms of this reaction are responsible for the single peak at 4.2 ppm of the fluxional molecule bullvalene. This observation is due to diradical transition state that preserves orbital symmetry. Proceeding only when surpafacial on all components of the reaction, this reaction also occurs in aza and oxy varieties, the latter of which produces an enol or enolate product that does not equilibrate to the regioisomer. Its diradical mechanism is both concerted and pericyclic, explaining the 300 Celsius reaction conditions needed for this process to occur. For 10 points, name this [3,3] sigmatropic thermal isomerization of a 1,5-diene yielding a regioisomeric 1,5-diene that is not the Claisen rearrangement.;;Cope (rearrangement)
;;In one scene from this play, Bert reports on troublemaking in the neighborhood to a character who pretends to be the sheriff, joking that there is a jail in his basement. This play opens with Dr. Jim Bayliss discussing the wanted ads in the newspaper after lightning split his neighbor's apple tree in two. Frank Lubey creates a horoscope for November twenty-fifth and insists another man cannot be dead because he disappeared on his "favorable day". At the end of this play, one character shoots himself offstage after his wife Kate reads a suicide letter written by their son. In this play, Chris hopes to marry Anne Deever, the former girlfriend of his brother Larry. For 10 points, identify this play by Arthur Miller in which Joe Keller sent out faulty cylinder heads that caused twenty-one fighter planes to crash.;;All My Sons
;;The gene dcp-1 is necessary for this process to occur in Drosophila, and it can be triggered by the release of endonuclease G from the mitochondria. This process can be inhibited by a family of proteins with multiple BIRs at the amino terminus, or by a pathway involving Pl-3 kinase and Akt kinase, which phosphorylates the protein Bad. This process can be induced by hypoxia or heat shock, unless it is suppressed by Bcl-2. This process results from a release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, which triggers a cascade of caspases. Eventually resulting in the fragmentation of the cell, for 10 points, identify this process of programmed cell death.;;apoptosis
;;This entity was said to possess two pigs, one of which was always growing while the other was always roasting. He possessed a certain instrument, that when played. put the seasons in correct order. That instrument, Daurdabla, or the "Four Angled Music", was an oak harp. Some of this man's sons include Bodb Dearg, Cermait, and Brigit. This deity's weapon could kill nine men with one blow, but could return the dead to life with its handle. In order to hide his affair with Boann, he made the sun stand still for nine months, after which his most famous son was born. This god succumbed to wounds inflicted by Cethlenn, the wife of Balor, at the second battle of Magh Turiedh. The possessor of a noted magic cauldron, for 10 points, identify this God and ruler of the Tuatha de Danann whose son was Angus and who is also known as "the good god".;;(The) Dagda
;;Reacting these compounds with benzenesulfonyl chloride in an aqueous base can help distinguish between different varieties of them in a process known as the Hinsberg test. Primary ones can be formed in the presence of formic acid via the Leuckart reaction, and the related Eschweiler-Clarke procedure can methylate them. Reacting these compounds with hydrogen peroxide is the first step in converting them to alkenes via the Cope Elimination. They can be prepared by reacting an alkyl halide with potassium phthalimide in the Gabriel synthesis. For 10 points, identify this class of organic compounds containing a singly bonded nitrogen atom.;;amines
;;In one essay by this man, he described the difficulty of formulating what he termed "parallelistic hypotheses". In that same essay, this man wrote about the influence of Pillsbury and called for a "functionalist" psychology. In one experiment by this psychologist, rats accustomed to running a certain distance in a maze began to crash into the walls when the corridor was shortened. Another more controversial experiment by this man involved striking a steel bar whenever the test subject touched a white rat, thus creating a fear of things that looked or felt like white rats. For 10 points, name this psychologist who wrote Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, conducted the Kerplunk experiment and the Little Albert experiment, and who coined the term "behaviorism".;;(John) (B(.)) Watson
;;Treaties named for Phoenice and Tempea brought brief respite from conflicts by this name. The son of one of the major antagonists of these conflicts, Perseus, started his own but was decisively smacked down at the Battle of Pydna. A conflict sometimes considered one of these was started by the Aetolian league and saw the defeat of Antiochus III at Thermopylae and Magnesia, while the fourth began with an uprising by the Achaean League against foreign occupiers. That conflict ended with the sacking of Corinth, the same year that Carthage was destroyed in the third Punic war. The first of these conflicts saw Rome taken on by Philip V, a ruler of the namesake region. For 10 points, name these wars fought in a seventy-five-year time span which eventually led to the Roman conquest of Greece, named for a kingdom most famously led by Philip II and his expansionist son Alexander.;;Macedonian (Wars)
;;In the beginning of this book, three Jewish servants refuse to eat the food of the king, but nonetheless grow healthier on a diet of vegetables and water. In one part of this book sometimes omitted, two men disagree about the type of tree under which they claim a woman met her lover, leading to their deaths. In a different part of this book which is sometimes omitted, a giant creature is secretly fed through a trapdoor, which is revealed by the namesake of this book. In this book, Shadrach, Mashach, and Abed-Nego are thrown in a furnace. Later, the writing "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Ufarsin" appears on the wall at Belshazzar's Feast. The apocryphal sections of "Susanna and the Elders" and "Bel and the Dragon" sometimes appears in this book of the Bible. For 10 points, name this book named for a prophet whom King Darius throws into a den of lions.;;Daniel
;;This author described a mountaintop landscape as "The types and symbols of Eternity, / Of first, and last, and midst, and without end", which occurs after the speaker crosses the Alps. In another poem, he wrote "while the birds thus sing a joyous song", "to me alone there came a thought of grief:" That poem ends by noting that "the meanest flower that blows can give thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears". In a better known poem addressed to his sister, this poet wrote that "a motion and a spirit, that impels all thinking things, all objects of thought, and rolls through all things" five years after his first visit to the titular location. For 10 points, identify this poet of The Prelude, "Ode: Intimations of Immortality", and "Tintern Abbey", a Romantic poet who collaborated with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads.;;(William) Wordsworth
;;In the plane, this mathematician's namesake measure involves finding the greatest lower bound of the areas of the coverings of a given set, where a covering consists of a finite union of rectangles. One result named for this mathematician and Holder follows from Zassenhaus's Lemma via Schreier's Refinement Theorem and states that any two composition series in a group are isomorphic. Any matrix with coefficients from an algebraically closed field can be rewritten in terms of blocks containing a single eigenvalue on the main diagonal and ones on the superdiagonal, a block form name after this man. Another result of his states that any closed curve divides the plane into an inside and an outside. For 10 points, identify this French mathematician, namesake of a "normal" or "canonical" form of a matrix, as well as a curve theorem.;;(Camille) Jordan
;;This president's nomination of John Parker to the Supreme Court was not approved after backlash from organized labor and the NAACP. Though the Clark Memorandum was written during his predecessor's administration, this man attempted to implement it by withdrawing troops from Nicaragua and Haiti. This man appointed George Wickersham to chair a commission that produced the report Lawlessness in Law Enforcement and found the Volstead Act to be unenforceable. Before becoming president, this man had served as head of the U.S. Food Administration and Secretary of Commerce. For 10 points, taking public blame for the Bonus Army fiasco and ineffectively dealing with the Great Depression probably cost what thirty-first President his 1932 re-election bid?.;;(Herbert) (Clark) Hoover
;;After publishing an essay in the journal Logos critical of Willhelm Dilthey's view of history, this philosopher entered into a notable correspondence with Dilthey. Students of this thinker include the author of The Literary Work of Art, Roman Ingarden, as well as Eugen Fink, who was for a long time the possessor of this thinker's Bernau manuscripts. This philosopher's early works were attempts to base mathematics in psychology, while a later work addressed intersubjective experience with the concept of "lifeworld". In addition to Philosophy of Arithmetic and a series of speeches entitled The Crisis of European Sciences, his work Ideas defined the concept of noesis. That work also introduced his idea of the eidetic reudction, which employs a suspension of judgment he called epoche, or bracketing. For 10 points, identify this thinker who advanced the science of phenomenology in his Logical Investigations.;;(Edmund) Husserl
;;In the Peccei-Quinn theory, which seeks a solution to the strong CP problem, the triangle anomaly involving these particles spontaneously breaks symmetry and gives mass to the axion. Evidence for the existence of these particles was deduced from three hadronic jet events with zero total angular momentum using electron-positron collisions in the PETRA experiment, which also determined this particle's spin. Deep inelastic scattering of photons off protons reveal that these neutral particles carry away about half of the proton momentum. Like quarks, these particles are unobservable in the singlet state due to asymptotic freedom. These spin-1 particles are massless and mediate a force described by the SU(3) symmetry group, which results in their carrying a color charge. For 10 points, identify these gauge bosons of QCD, which mediate the strong force.;;gluon(s)
;;This man got his first major break when being appointed to the post of Junior Lord of the Admiralty during the ministry of the Duke of Portland. Soon afterwards, he was appointed to Chancellor of the Exchequer, which was at that time a less important office than what it would later become. This man's long stint as Foreign Secretary came to an end with the demise of Melbourne's administration, when he was replaced by Lord Aberdeen, who was considerably less interventionist than this man. This man famously made his Civis Romanus sum speech in defense of his stance on the Don Pacifico Affair. This man was both preceeded and succeded by John Russell in his most famous post, during which the Second Opium War occurred as well as the American Civil War. For 10 points, name this last British Prime Minister to die in office, known for his aggressive liberal interventionist stance on foreign policy, and who sometimes lends his name to his namesake "age".;;(Henry) (John) (Temple(,)) (3rd) (Viscount) Palmerston
;;An important victorious battle for this polity is sometimes given a name that translates as "slippery ground" due to the excessive bloodshed. After this polity's fall, a small offshoot dynasty known as the Banu Ghaniya persisted for many decades. Its origins can be traced to the tribal leader Yahya ibn Ibrahim, and it lost at the battle of Ourique during the reign of Ali ibn Yusuf. Earlier, at the earlier battle of Sagrajas, its most successful leader, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, won a decisive victory over forces under Alfonso VI. This dynasty essentially ended after its capital of Marrakesh was conquered by its successor dynasty in 1147. For 10 points, name this Muslim Berber dynasty of north-west Africa and Spain that was succeeded by the Almohads.;;Almoravid (dynasty)
;;At a dinner party in this movie, a married couple watch a home movie of how they paid off their mortgage on their farm, during which a neighbor makes jokes at the husband's expense, calling wife-kissing an "old Connecticut custom". That neighbor composes the song Farewell, Amanda, and later the husband slaps his wife, whom he calls "Pinkie". Late in the film, the husband catches his wife with Kip, and puts a gun in his mouth, pretending to be committing suicide, but then bites off the gun, revealing it to be black licorice. In the opening scene, Doris shoots her husband Walter after catching him with another woman, and Amander Bonner decides to defend Doris on the principle of equality for women. For 10 points, name this 1949 comedy starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn as married lawyers on opposite sides of an attempted-murder trial.;;Adam(')s Rib
;;This thinker's approach to consciousness and the mind-body problem is known as "biological naturalism", while an early paper of his which drew much criticism was "How to Derive 'Ought' from Is". Borrowing a concept from Elizabeth Anscombe, he distinguished between "institutional" facts and "brute" facts in The Construction of Social Reality. He referred to humans' common assumptions and practices as the "Background" which is required for intentional states in his 1983 work Intentionality. This philosopher also developed a thought experiment to refute strong-AI, in which a person receives written words, feeds them to a computer, and sends back the computer's output. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote 1969's Speech Acts, and who created the "Chinese Room" argument.;;(John) Searle
;;Valentine Greene's 1779 mezzotint of this work helped increase both this work and its artists' popularity. The painter originally drafted this work with a youth in center instead of a balding man, and Morro Castle can be seen in the top right corner. One of the titular figures' right foot cannot be seen due to the composition, suggesting that it is missing, and his right hand is reaching for a length of rope hanging from the side of a boat. In the center, two men in white reach for that figure, while a man on the right holds a harpoon and is attacking the title animal in this work's lower right corner. For 10 points, name this painting depicting an animal attacking a human in Havana Bay by John Singleton Copley.;;Watson and the Shark
;;Attenuation in these objects can be measured using either the cut-back method or a technique known as OTDR, in which sudden spectral peaks indicate a splice loss. The performance of these devices is theoretically limited by the Rayleigh scattering limit, which is why exotic materials like fluoride are being developed for their manufacture. Depending on whether a discontinuity in the index of refraction is present between the core and the cladding, these devices are classified as step-index or gradient-index types. Like waveguides in general, variants of these devices which allow for more than one bound solution for each polarization are known as the multimode type. For 10 points, identify these optical waveguides which allow light to propagate through a core, frequently made of glass, by means of total internal reflection.;;optical fiber|glass fiber|fiber optics
;;In this play, Jacomo directs an abbess and three of her nuns to be happy upon the construction of a new abbey. Later, a friar is strangled with a belt, and another character, believing the friar to be alive, is charged with his murder after striking him with a staff. The main character proclaims "As for myself, I walk abroad a- nights, And kill sick people groaning under walls". A conflict caused by a forged letter leads to Mathias and Lodowick killing each other in a duel. The main character has Ithamore deliver poisoned rice-porridge to a convent out of vengeance after his daughter Abigail joins. Later, he assists an invading Turkish army and dies after falling into a boiling cauldron. For 10 points, name this play about the murderous villain Barabas, written by Christopher Marlowe.;;(The) Jew of Malta
;;This event was brought to the attention of Jeanette Landesman when she heard a barking German shepherd named Highball. A key error in the execution of this event was a misidentification by the Keywell brothers. Among those killed during this event were an optician named Reinhardt Schwimmer and Albert Weinshank. The victims of this event had been tricked into believing that they were waiting for a delivery of stolen whiskey. This event, which took place at North Clark Street in the SMC Cartage Co. building, failed to kill its primary target, George "Bugs" Moran, who suspected a raid and kept walking after a police car pulled up too early. For 10 points, identify this 1929 killing of several members of Chicago's Northside gang, possibly orchestrated by Al Capone.;;(St(.)) Valentine's Day Massacre
;;In the first act of this opera, the aria "Qual occhio al mondo" comforts a woman's suspicions of another woman who has blue eyes. Earlier, those two women are compared in the tenor aria "Recondita armonia", while later a soprano grieves over her painful decision in "Vissi d'arte". The tenor sings "E lucevan le stelle" while writing a farewell letter to his lover in prison. During the second act the title character of this opera reveals the whereabouts of political revolutionary Angelotti to the police chief Scarpia, who reneges on the deal to prevent the execution of painter Mario Cavaradossi. For 10 points, name this opera ending when the titular opera diva jumps off the Castel Sant'Angelo, composed by Puccini.;;Tosca
;;This composer wrote a piano concerto whose final movement switches to 6/8 time before the trumpets introduce a theme based on the song, "The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo". He featured a theme from Faure's abandoned Tantum Ergo motet in "andante sostenuto" movement of his Piano Concerto No. 2, while he included a tune he heard sung by a boatman on the Nile River in a sonata subtitled "The Egyptian". This composer wrote a piece opening with the harp playing D twelve times to convey it is midnight in which the xylophone represents the sound of bones. For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre who included movements titled "Fossils" and "The Swan" in Carnival of the Animals.;;(Camille) Saint(-)Saens
;;After reading an article about a woman who saw a "white fountain" during a near death experience, the narrator of this work visits Mrs. Z only to discover it was a typo as she actually saw a "white mountain". The line "I was the shadow of the waxwing slain" is repeated in this poem in which the speaker asserts he sat "like a king, and like Marat bled" while describing shaving in the bathtub. The second canto ends when the speaker's daughter Hazel drowns herself after she is ditched by her blind date. Many lines in this poem are identified as images of the impending arrival of assassin Jacob Grey to New Wye in a commentary written by the exiled king of Zembla, Charles Kinbote. For 10 points, name this poem by John Shade that titles a novel by Vladimir Nabokov.;;Pale Fire
;;Jack Lang served as culture and education minister under this man, who famously replied "so what" when confronted with the fruits of an extramarital affair. Before serving in his most famous position, he served among others as interior minister for the UDSR, and became the leader of the PS. After two failed attempts, this man was able to win the presidency on the strength of his 110 propositions program. He became mired in controversy over his secret order to sink the Green Peace ship Rainbow Warrior, and earned early enmity by opposing de Gaulle in the 1958 Algiers Crisis. He appointed Fabius, Rocard and Cresson to the office of Prime Minister, and prior to his death from prostate cancer was forced into the so-called "cohabitation" with his longtime rival, Jacques Chirac. For 10 points, identify this President of France from 1981-1995 who was notably socialist.;;(Francois) Mitterrand
;;This economist developed a general equilibrium model of agricultural economies in an early paper, "Incentives and Risk Sharing in Sharecropping". He helped develop a model that explains how involuntary unemployment persists, because it costs employers to monitor their workers' levels of effort. That model of efficiency wages is named for him and Carl Shapiro. This founder of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue also wrote a 2002 work that criticized the IMF for policies that harm developing countries. Along with Akerlof and Spence, this economist discussed screening as a way to ameliorate a condition in which one party to a transaction knows more than the other. For 10 points, name this sharer of the 2001 Nobel for his studies of information asymmetry, an economist at Columbia who wrote Globalization and its Discontents.;;(Joseph) Stiglitz
;;One modification of a reaction used to synthesize this functionality uses dimethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate, also known as the Ohira-Bestmann reagent, and an aldehyde. The original reaction uses a ketone and is a low temperature, base-promoted homologation named for Seyferth and Gilbert. Two molecules containing this functionality can be coupled end-to-end in another reaction named for Eglinton. That reaction relies on the terminal variety of this functionality, which can be synthesized by reacting an aldehyde with triphenylphosphine and a geminal dihalide on an alkenyl carbon. Created by the Corey-Fuchs reaction, for 10 points, name this functional group containing two pi and one sigma bonds between carbon atoms.;;alkynes
;;The protagonist of this novel declares his "natural antipathy" toward washes, which his wife "makes" for their daughters. One character's love interest saves her after she falls from her horse into a stream and later saves her sister from her marriage to Mr. Williams. In this novel, plans to frolic with city ladies are foiled when an informant spoils the good name of the central family, leading them to order Mr. Burchell to leave. One of the two weddings that end this novel involves George and Arabella Wilmot, and the other involves Sophia and Sir William Thornhill. Featuring the evil Squire Thornhill's attempts to ruin the Primrose family, for 10 points, name this novel about a family that has their fortune restored, written by Oliver Goldsmith.;;(The) Vicar of Wakefield
;;This event saw the popularization of a flag contained a heart with a cross poking out of it, and it earned the epithet of "the Butcher" for Francois Joseph Westermann. It began with the formation of a "Catholic Army" before suffering a notable defeat at the Battle of Cholet, and unlike the similarly-motivated Chouans, drew most of its support from urban areas. This event saw an expedition to capture Granville and meet reinforcements from Britain led by Henri de la Rochejacquelin, though it ended in his execution. General Hoche's conciliatory gestures including the restoration of a few priests helped diffuse tensions from this event, which was mostly centered on the coast near the mouth of the Loire River. For 10 points, identify this 1792 insurrection against the French republican government by citizens loyal to the church and king, named for a region in Western France.;;(The) Vendee (Revolt|War)
;;This artist featured a background of blue and yellow splotches on a green wall in one of a self-portrait "with paintbrushes". Another one of his paintings is dominated by the word "CAFF" which appears just above several flashes of bright yellow and another painting prominently features the number "6943" in between industrial images including a locomotive and a radio tower. This artist included The Farewells in his States of Mind series, but he may be better known for sculpture that depicts an armless figure moving dynamically. For 10 points, identify this Futurist artist who created Riot in the Galleria and Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.;;(Umberto) Boccioni
;;One son of this god was so good at science that his brothers Macar, Actis, Triopus, and Candalus murdered him. This deity's cult was centered almost exclusively on the island of Rhodes, although the Etruscans worshiped a version of him named Usil. This father of Tenages entrusted some sacred animals to his daughters Lampetia and Phaethusa, who guarded them on Thrinacia. After this god was fired upon, he agreed to cede a golden cup to Heracles. Zeus's destruction of Odysseus's ship was prompted by his men eating the cattle of this deity. Later, this deity anointed his son with a magic oil, but was unable to prevent him from blackening the skin of the Ethiopians by failing to control the horses Pyrios, Aeos, Aethon, and Phlegon. For 10 points, name this chariot-riding father of Phaethon, an early Greek god of the sun.;;Helios
;;In one story by this author, two boys get a toy sail boat for their good grades, but drown in the light that escapes from broken lightbulbs. In another story the Pope comes to visit Nicanor while attending "Big Mama's Funeral". This author wrote about Meme, the mistress of a doctor who commits suicide, ushering Isabel and the Colonel to describe the title event in his story "Leaf Storm". The oldest woman leads a village of tiny people to bury Esteban in one of his stories, while in another Pelayo discovers a figure lying face down in the mud who the village thinks is an angel. For 10 points, name this author of "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" who wrote about the Buendia family in One Hundred Years of Solitude.;;(Gabriel) Garcia(-)Marquez
;;Landon Carter served as Secretary of State of this polity, whose "Holston Constitution" prohibited office holders from being doctors or lawyers. This polity suffered an economic disturbance after its tax collectors cheated by sewing raccoon tails onto opossum hides. John Tipton arrested one of the leaders of this polity after a skirmish, but that leader soon escaped and led an expedition against the Overhill Cherokee towns. Anger over the Hopewell Treaty led to consultations with the Spanish Empire about annexation of this polity, but land reforms by the North Carolina government sapped its support. Headquartered at Greeneville and led by John Sevier, for 10 points, identify this short-lived polity named for an American statesman and located in present-day northeast Tennessee.;;(State) (of) Franklin
;;This man argues that residents of certain cities constituted no separate class in a book that discusses Wang Yangmin's treatment of Confucian li. In one essay, this sociologist analyzes the "eternal past" and legality of statutes to argue that the Christian notion of "turning the other cheek" does not suit politicians. This author described legal, traditional, and charismatic domination in The Three Types of Legitimate Rule. In addition to authoring Politics as a Vocation, this man described efficiency and control as factors by which people are put into an "iron cage". For 10 points, name this German sociologist who asserted that a certain denomination's hard work made them into wealthy businesspeople in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.;;(Maximilian) (Carl) (Emil) Weber
;;One of this philosopher's late works employs Tarski's correspondence theory of truth to develop the idea of "verisimilitude". That work also contains the argument that unconditional prophecies are formed from a combination of existential statements and conditional predictions, and is entitled Conjectures and Refutations. Another work by this thinker discusses the reduction of theories to basic statements and contains such chapters as "The Problem of the Empirical Basis", and "Degrees of Testability". In a work of political philosophy, this thinker criticized holistic theories and argued that totalitarian regimes operated under "The Spell of Plato". The formulator of falsifiability, for 10 points, identify this philosopher whose major works include The Poverty of Historicism, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, and The Open Society and Its Enemies.;;(Karl) (Raimund) Popper
;;Howard Pollack argues that the changing rhythms in this work's first six measures from 4/4 to 3/2 to 3/4 to 5/4 are meant to reflect the cadences of speech. The final version of this work did not include the sections "Moment of Crisis" and "The Day of Wrath". In the movement "The Lord's Day" the "pioneer woman" advises her new neighbors after they encounter a Revivalist preacher and his congregation. Isamu Noguchi designed the original set for this ballet, which took its title from a Hart Crane poem after it was originally titled Ballet for Martha. Quoting the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts", for 10 points, name this ballet written for Martha Graham about a couple building a farmhouse in Pennsylvania, composed by Aaron Copland.;;Appalachian Spring
;;One of these figures lives in rocks by the roadside and eats passersby; that figure is known as Limba. Loko and Ayisan are among the group of these known as the Rada, while a more violent group of them is the Ghede, which includes Kriminel. Two of these figures taken together signify the split between astronomical and astrological learning and are children more ancient than time. Those are the Marassa Jameux. The most famous of these figures delights in dirty jokes and constantly smokes a cigar. That example of these figures has cotton in his nostrils and is dressed in a tuxedo and sunglasses and is the husband of Maman Brigitte known as Baron Samedi. For 10 points, name these spirits worshipped in Voodoo.;;loa
;;Utilizing the circle method, Hardy and Littlewood proved the weaker version of this statement, though their proof required the grand Riemann hypothesis to be true. Vinogradov provided a direct proof of its weak version, a result similar to Levy's statement. Chen Jing Run used a weighted sieve method that improved on the work of Brun and Selberg to give a new upper bound for this problem. This statement is equivalent to the claim that for every positive integer m, there exist primes p and q such that phi of p plus phi of q equals two times m, where phi is the totient function. The aforementioned weak version states that every odd number greater than 7 can be written as the sum of three odd primes. For 10 points, identify this unproven statement whose strong version states that every even number greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two primes.;;Goldbach(')s (Strong) (Conjecture)
;;This author wrote about the applesauce-obsessed Jane, whose trickery keeps her brother William Baxter out of Miss Pratt's circle of admirers. In another novel Virgil is pressured by his wife into stealing a secret formula for glue from his employer "Lamb and Company" to open his own factory. In one work by this author of Seventeen, Charley Lohr reveals that Walter has defaulted on his debts and the title character has to enroll in Frincke's Business College after lying to her suitor Arthur Russell about her family's wealth. This author of Alice Adams wrote about the wife of Wilbur Minafer, who was in love with Eugene Morgan all along. For 10 points, name this Indianan novelist who wrote The Magnificent Ambersons.;;(Newton) (Booth) Tarkington
;;This phylum is unique in that its members do not exhibit growth or repair after embryonic development is complete. Characteristics of this phylum include chitin-containing trophi, which they use to grind up their food and which are contained in a pharyngeal organ called a mastax. One class in this phylum can survive extreme desiccation by leaving itself in a cysted state, known as cryptobiosis; that class is Bdelloidea. The largest class in this phylum is the Monogononta. This pseudocoelomate phylum gets its name from their crown of cilia that draws a vortex of water into their mouth. For 10 points, name this phylum of animals which has a name meaning "wheel bearer" in Latin.;;Rotifera
;;A group called the Brown Berets occupied these islands in 1972 and these islands were originally inhabited by the Chumash and the Tongva. Pygmy Mammoths thrived on these islands, which still shelter rare wildlife such as the Island Fox and a unique species of Torrey Pine. Reaching their highest point at Devil's Peak, the northern islands in this chain were created by the Raymond Fault, which also formed the Santa Monica mountains. Avalon is the only permanent civilian residence on these islands, of which Anacapa is the closest to mainland while Santa Cruz is the largest. For 10 points, identify this chain of eight islands including Santa Catalina and San Clemente, located off the coast of Southern California.;;Channel Islands
;;This composer wrote a violin piece titled "Music for the Chapel of the Pieta". This composer included a piece called "Suspicious" in a set of works dedicated to Charles VI, entitled The Lyre. A "spirituous non e presto" movement ends his La Stravaganza, and his other concertos include pieces titled "Proteus" and "Goldfinch", as well as a set of twelve collected in L'estro Armonico. This composer featured themes representing "drunkards that have fallen asleep" and a "barking dog" in sonnets that were written to accompany his best-known work, which appeared in The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian composer who included "La Primavera" and "L'Autunno" in his The Four Seasons.;;(Antonio) (Lucio) Vivaldi
;;The host of the International Festival of Animated Objects, this city located east of Banff National Park benefits during the winter from the warming effect of the Chinook winds. A recent issue in this city is the delay of highway construction due to concerns about the Tsuu T'ina. An oil boom peaking in the late 1980s led to the development of a downtown area that features the Plus 15 Skyway network and the Stephen Avenue pedestrian mall. Home to a Chinese Cultural Center that is the largest of its kind in North America as well as the Eau Claire Market, this city also runs a namesake Stampede that is the largest outdoor rodeo show in the world. The third largest city in Canada and home to the National Hockey League's Flames, for 10 points, name this host of the 1988 Winter Olympic Games located south of Edmonton in Alberta Province.;;Calgary
;;This politician commissioned Lord Devon to investigate tenant-landlord relationships in Ireland, and saw his first government fail after the organization of the Lichfield House Compact. Despite serving from two different rotten boroughs, he won early popularity after Perceval chose him to deliver a reply to a speech from the throne. A common rule governing the insanity defense is named for a man who tried to kill this man, Daniel M'Naghten. This ardent opponent of Catholic Emancipation briefly refused to supplant Lord Melbourne in the Bedchamber Crisis and differentiated his philosophy from that of his patron, the Duke of Wellington, in his Tamworth Manifesto. This man responded to the Potato Famine by repealing the Corn Laws, and is credited as the founder of the Conservative Party. For 10 points, name this British PM whose founding of the Metropolitan Police inspired their nickname of "Bobbies".;;(Sir) (Robert) Peel(,) (2nd) (Baronet)
;;Erica Hirshler wrote a "biography" of this painting tracking how two of the people depicted ending up being put into an asylum. The lighting of this painting was borrowed from the artist's earlier Venetian Studies, and was also influenced by copies the artist made of Las Meninas. Two antiques created by Hirabayashi depicted in the painting are now displayed alongside it in the MFA. Two of the central figures stand in the shadow, and one of them leans against a giant Japanese vase, while the youngest sits on a rug and clutches a doll. Finished two years before Madame X, for 10 points, name this painting depicting the siblings Florence, Jane, Mary Louisa and Julia in their family's Paris apartment, a work by John Singer Sargent.;;(The) Daughters of Edward Darley Boit
;;In one work by this author, the speaker laments that "passion sometimes would prevail/Nor could to-night's gay feast restrain/A sudden thought of one so pal". This author of "Abt Vogler" wrote another poem in which the title character wishes to be like Agnolo or Leonardo and competes with The Cousin for the love of Lucrezia. In another poem, the title character "talks to his own self, howe'er he please/touching that other, whom his dam called God"; that poem is based on a god worshiped by a certain character from The Tempest. Another poem by this author of "Andrea del Sarto" features an image of Neptune taming a seahorse; its narrator laments that the title character disregarded a centuries-old name, and that poem concerns a painting by Fra Pandolf. For 10 points, name this author of "Caliban Upon Setebos" and "My Last Duchess".;;(Robert) Browning
;;This work notes the importance of the ability for a citizen to foresee "how the authority will use its coercive powers in given circumstances". In another section, the author describes the "bad" jobs that must be accomplished efficiently but deter the humanitarians and attract the wicked. In yet another section, the author of this work rejects the idea of a directed economy by reasoning that pecuniary affairs are not "low" matters that restrict our freedom, but a key to greater freedom in all aspects of life. Those chapters are "Planning and the Rule of Law", "Why the Worst Get on Top" , and another section of this work is "The End of Truth". Using the examples of Nazis and Soviets, this work argues that socialism and central planning inevitably lead to oppression. For 10 points, name this libertarian work by Friedrich von Hayek.;;(The) Road to Serfdom
;;One of this author's characters finds the erotic handbook Eros Himself, which leads him to discover his son Terry is gay. In another novel a man dream that pigs' blood covers his penis, but later realizes it was his wife's menstruation; and that wife recalls looking at a photo in Life magazine showing herself as a child with her servant Lydia, who holds her backpack. This author wrote about Paul Bannerman's struggle with thyroid cancer in Get a Life. She wrote a novel ending when Maureen runs toward a helicopter after Bamford's gun is stolen by a tribesman. For 10 points, name this South African author who wrote about Mehring in The Conservationist and the Smales family in July's People.;;(Nadine) Gordimer
;;The log of free metal ion concentration in soil increases linearly with an increase in this property. Potential energy is plotted against this property in a diagram that shows regions of passivity and immunity, the Pourbaix diagram. An "optimum" of this property is the range over which an enzyme displays maximum catalytic activity. This property is equal to the negative log of the acid dissociation constant, minus the log of the quotient of the concentration of the weak acid and that of its conjugate base, by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. This property is plotted against the amount of titrant added in a titration chart. For 10 points, give this property that equals the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration in solution, which is seven for pure water.;;pH
;;A soprano sings, "I don't daydream and I don't look back" after receiving a glass elephant during a visit to a glass factory at the start of this opera's second act. In this opera's last aria, a man asks "How much of what we did was good?" During the second act three characters start acting in the play The Red Detachment of Women. Alice Goodman wrote the libretto for this opera, which opens with "The Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points of Attention", sung to celebrate the landing of plane, while a foxtrot from the third act was adapted into The Chairman Dances. Chou En-Lai and Henry Kissinger, for 10 points, appear in what minimalist opera about a President's visit to an Asian country by John Adams.;;Nixon in China
;;This man briefly outlived a general whose epithet referenced a facial scar incurred fighting Heraclius at Yarmouk, while his early career saw him defeat Walid in single combat at Badr. This author of The Peak of Eloquence won a tactical victory at a battle in which his opponent ordered his men to request a peaceful arbitration; the ensuing dissent in this man's ranks led several thousand of his troops to abandon him, giving rise to the Kharijites. This ruler used a promise of tax equality to unite a coalition he guided through the first fitna, or civil war, which saw action at Siffin and the Battle of the Camel. His son lost to Yazid I at Karbala after this father of Hussein was murdered at Kufa and his followers were subjugated by Muawiya's Ummayyad Caliphate. For 10 points, identify this husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima, the fourth Caliph in Sunni tradition and the first Imam according to Shi'a Islam.;;Ali (ibn) (Abi) (Talib)
;;Gregory B. Ulmer wrote on one of this man's concepts Applied, and this man is paired with Jurgen Habermas in the subtitle of a work about 9/11 by Giovanna Borradori, Philosophy in a Time of Terror. This man's minor works include The Rhetoric of Drugs and Politics of Friendship. One of this man's works takes the form of a series of discourses on a picture of Socrates and Plato, while another work has two columns, one presenting an analysis of Genet and the other presenting an analysis of Hegel. These two works, The Post-Card and Glas were written after his most famous work, which was translated by Gayarti Chakravorty Spivak and contains the section "Writing before the letter". For 10 points name this philosopher who coined the term "deconstruction" and who penned Of Grammatology.;;(Jacques) Derrida
;;At the end of this work, one character's head is described as being a "hive of subtlety". Earlier in this work, Atufal is brought before the narrator to see if he will beg for forgiveness, and one character shaves another, using the Spanish flag as a bib. Later the narrator sees that the skeletal remains of Alexandro Aranda are paired with a mocking "follow your leader" painted on the bow of the San Dominick. In this work, the captain of the Bachelor's Delight tries to help a ship stranded in the harbor of St. Maria. Collected in The Piazza Tales, for 10 points, name this novella in which Amasa Delano discovers the slave Babo has taken control of the title character's ship, written by Herbert Melville.;;Benito Cereno
;;Around Disko Bay, archaeologists in this location have found ruins of the Saqqaq culture, and this place is also home to the ruins of the Dorset and Independence II cultures. Nord, a military outpost and research station, is located at the very northeastern tip of this polity. Queen Elizabeth Island lies to the northwest of this country, and Svalbard Island lies to the northeast. From north to south, this western boundary of this country is bordered by Baffin Bay, the David Strait, and the Labrador Sea. For 10 points, name this least densely populated polity in the world and largest non-continental island, officially part of the Kingdom of Denmark.;;Greenland
;;Weinberger v. Weisenfeld found that this act discriminated based on gender, and in Robinson v. Sullivan, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress can repeal the rights guaranteed by this act given any rational justification. Officially sponsored by Robert Doughton, it was planned as a more moderate alternative to the popular Townsend Plan. The constitutionality of this act was confirmed by two cases in the same day, Steward Machine Company v. Davis and Helvering v. Davis. Ida May Fuller was the first beneficiary of this act, which was amended in 1939 by a program titled Aid To Dependent Children. For 10 points, name this act which provided benefits to the needy through several programs, most notably one that provides a monthly stipend to the elderly.;;Social Security (Act)
;;One of this man's works describes how labor leaders all eventually abandon their oppositional outlook against management, and adapt to work within the confines of the capitalist structure. In one of his works, he described sociology as the natural extension of human history and biography, and criticizes Talcott Parsons' grand theory for divorcing sociology from individuals. In his best-known work, this author describes how the title class of people reproduces itself by admitting new members based on how well they clone themselves after existing members. Those people include the military-industrial complex. For 10 points, name this sociologist who wrote The New Men of Power, The Sociological Imagination, and The Power-Elite.;;(Charles) (Wright) Mills
;;A broken jug sits in front of a pregnant woman symbolizing her lost virginity in one of this artist's two depictions of The Harvest Wagon. This painter showed a Spitz dog accompanying a couple in a piece nicknamed "The Morning Walk". One of his works was painted on the Auberies' estate and features a woman whose lap was left unfinished, which was originally planned to hold a pheasant. That painting features a dog sniffing a man holding a rifle, who stands next to Frances Carter sitting on a metal bench under an oak tree. This artist's best-known work is displayed in the Huntingon and is modeled on Jonathan Buttall. For 10 points, name this English artist who painted Mr. and Mrs. Andrews and The Blue Boy.;;(Thomas) Gainsborough
;;This author derived the title of one book from the saying "I have lived inside the monster and know its entrails". This author wrote he will give the title object "to the true friend... And to the cruel one whose blows / Break the heart by which I live" in the poem "I have a white rose". Another work begins, "I am an honest man / From where the Palm tree grows / And before dying I want / To share the verses of my soul". This author of Ismaelillo asserted, "whatever is left of that sleepy hometown in America must awaken" in the essay "Our America" and his collection Versos Sencillos features the poem "Guantanamera". For 10 points identify this poet who wrote Versos Libres and died fighting for Cuban independence.;;(Jose) Marti
;;Knives, platters, and basins are among the gold and silver articles that Mithredath the treasurer counts out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah at the beginning of this book. The main character of this book proclaims a fast at the river of Ahava in order to ensure protection from God for a return journey, since the group was ashamed to ask for that protection from King Artaxerxes who had sent them. Upon that group's return to Jerusalem, the title prophet chastises the people for intermarrying with pagans, and the people agree to divorce them voluntarily. Chronicling the rebuilding of the temple after the Babylonian captivity as well as the establishment of Torah law among the Jews, for 10 points, name this Old Testament book commonly paired with Nehemiah.;;Ezra
;;NGC 6822, the first definitely determined extragalactic object, belongs to the irregular subclass of these objects. Shaplow and Baade's studies of the Sculptor constellation led to the discovery of the first spheroidal example of these objects, which are characterized by extremely low metallicity. Examples of these types of objects include the Ursa Minor galaxy, and NGC 205, an Andromeda companion. Twenty-two of the 41 local group galaxies are of this type, which also includes the Small Magellanic Cloud, which is labeled as one of these despite being brighter than most of them. Including the Milky Way's satellite Sagittarius elliptical galaxy and denoted "dE" of "dIrr" in the Hubble scheme, for 10 points, identify these types of galaxies so called because they have very low mass and luminosity.;;dwarf (galaxies)
;;Dr. Hare gave one account of this battle, which saw a siege of Ingolstadt six days before it began. Prior to this battle, one side marched their forces out of Bedburg and won a decisive victory at Schellenberg. A key moment in this battle saw Leopold von Dessau lead a successful infantry attack against Ferdinand de Marsin and Maximilian II Emmanuel, the elector of Bavaria. It began with one side crossing the Nebel and then attacking an enemy position at the village of Oberglau, and saw an attack on a fortified position at Lutzingen. This clash ended with with the drowning of many French troops in the Danube, and saw the capture of the French general Tallard. Followed by subsequent battles at Ramillies, Oudenarde, and Malplaquet, it saw Eugene of Savoy assist the victorious British general. For 10 points, identify this decisive 1704 battle in the War of the Spanish Succession that became the namesake of a palace built to honor its victor, the Duke of Marlborough.;;(Battle) (of) Blenheim
;;This composer wrote a work beginning with the double basses representing mist before the orchestra enters to play six different dances; that work was a tribute to a Johann Strauss waltz. He included sections titled "Little Tom Thumb" and "Conversation of Beauty and the Beast" in a work dedicated to the Godebski kids. This composer of La Valse and Mother Goose wrote a work ending with a chorus of bacchantes playing tambourines, who join together in the "Danse Generale". In addition to writing a ballet based on a Longus poem, he wrote a work dedicated to Ida Rubinstein that features an unchanging snare drum ostinato rhythm. For 10 points, name this Spanish composer who wrote Daphnis et Chloe and Bolero.;;(Joseph(-)Maurice) Ravel
;;One of this man's novels sees the title character become a boxing coach for lower-class boys in the east end of London after leaving college. Later, he endures a frustrating psychoanalysis session with Dr. Barry after he falls in love with Clive Durham. Another work contains the epigraph "only connect", and ends with Leonard Bast's death at the hands of Charles Wilcox at the titular locale, after the lower-class Bast had befriended the Schlegel sisters. The author of the short story collection The Celestial Omnibus, another of his novels features a locale that echoes back "boum" no matter what's said. In that location, the Marabar Caves, Adela Quested accuses Dr. Aziz of trying to rape her. For 10 points name this man, the author of Maurice, Howard's End and A Passage to India.;;(Edward) (Morgan) Forster
;;One poem by this author states that "4 and 4 are 8", but asks "what would happen/If the last 4 were late?"; that poems is "Problems". This author of "Justice" also wrote that the title entity of another poem "will not come/Today, this year/Nor ever/Through compromise and fear" and that "[f]reedom/is a strong seed/Planted/in a great need". while another of his poems is ostensibly written as a response to instructions to "[g]o home and write/A page tonight". This author of "Democracy" and "Theme for English B" also asked, "Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?" in a poem which wonders "What happens to a dream deferred?" For 10 points, name this Harlem Renaissance poet who wrote The Weary Blues.;;(Langston) Hughes