Physics;;The longitudinal coefficient of this phenomenon and its quadratic dependence can be accounted for by the Preisach Model. A form of Saint-Venant’s Principle may be applied to the helical and linear forms of this effect. It results in strain directly proportional to applied field and not proportional to the square of the field like electrostriction, its converse process. Seen prominently in barium titanate and tourmaline, and other ceramics lacking inversion centers, it was discovered in Rochelle salts by the Curie brothers. The opposite of mechanical distortion, FTP, name this effect exemplified by the production of voltage across the face of a quartz crystal in response to applied stress.;;piezoelectricity|piezoelectric (effect)
World Literature;;This man’s later novel Towards Asmara details conflict in Eritrea. In 1964 he published his first novel, The Place at Whitton, and more than 25 others have followed, including some under the pseudonym William Coyle. He published Bring Larks and Heroes and Three Cheers for the Paraclete in consecutive years, winning his country’s Miles Franklin Award for both. Short-listed for the Booker Prize on three occasions - for Gossip from the Forest, Confederates, and The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith - he finally won in 1982 for a work criticized by some as more of an exercise in journalism than fiction. FTP, name this Australian author of Schindler's Ark.;;(Thomas) Keneally
European History;;This ruler commemorated his wife by having the Cappadocian city of Halala renamed in her honor. His daughter Lucilla was married for a second time to Claudius Quintianus of Antioch. A longtime friend of Fronto, his campaigns against the Sarmati and Marcomanni are represented by a column rising from the Piazza Colonna, and he was revolted against by his general Avidius Cassius, whom his wife Faustina was quite fond of. The subject of an equestrian statue at Laterano, his dyarchy with Lucius Verus lasted nine years. FTP, name this Roman emperor who was succeeded by his son Commodus, and is best remembered for being a stoic philosopher who wrote some Meditations.;;Marcus Aurelius (Antoninus) (Augustus)
Music;;The part that follows this piece is played in F-sharp minor and ends quietly after a brief switch to C minor. This piece is sometimes transposed up one semitone due to problems with harp peddling in the original key, seen especially in arrangements of the work by Victor Couer. A tender piece performed mostly pianissimo, it commences in D-flat major, but moves to E major for its climax. Preceded by "Menuet" and followed by "Passepied," it is properly the third part of the Suite Bergamasque, and takes its name from a poem by Paul Verlaine. FTP, name this piano masterpiece by Claude Debussy, whose French title translates as "Moonlight".;;Clair de Lune
Sociology;;Well-known cases dealing with the application of this legal concept include Shepard v. United States, Palmer v. Hoffman, and Ohio v. Roberts. However, its definition has recently been radically changed by Scalia in the watershed case of Crawford v. Washington. Covered by the 800 rules of the Federal Rules of Evidence, exceptions to it include present sense impressions, excited utterances, business records, and dying declarations, which all tend to provide sufficient credibility to overcome the inability to cross-examine. Defined as a statement offered for the truth of the matter asserted made by someone outside of court, FTP, name this type of statement that an attorney might object to.;;hearsay (rule)
Astronomy;;Its luminosity and diameter has recently been studied by Dawson and de Robertis. The constellation which contains it is also home to the Pipe Nebula and Rasalhague. Work done at Sproul Observatory led Peter van de Kamp to posit planets revolving around it, a result quickly called into doubt, though the British Interplanetary Society did launch Project Daedalus to send an unmanned spacecraft to put a sensor platform in orbit around it. An unexpected intense flare here was observed in 1998. A red dwarf located in the constellation Ophiuchus famous for having the largest known proper motion of any star, FTP, name this second nearest neighbor to the Sun after the Alpha Centauri system, named for an American astronomer.;;Barnard(’s) (Star.)
American Literature;;The germ of this novel first appeared in the author's notebooks late in 1894, when he recorded an idea about a young woman "on the threshold of a life that has seemed boundless," and the protagonist may be based on the author’s cousin Mary Temple. At one point a character is denied a visit to the protagonist and then discovers Lord Mark sitting in a café. The work also features minor characters like the doctor Sir Luke Strett and the English woman Mrs. Lowder and her American friend Mrs. Stringham. The doomed Milly Theale, Merton Densher, and Kate Croy form a love triangle in, FTP, what novel by Henry James whose title, from the 55th Psalm, references a bird who "could fly away and be at rest".;;(The) Wings of the Dove
Geography;;This nation signed the Vivanco-Pareja Treaty, as part of a war that involved the Talambó Incident and the Battle of Callao, fought over its guano-rich Chincha Islands. It won its independence at a battle that saw the charge of Jose Maria Cordoba against chief of staff Jose de Caternac, who had fought at the earlier Battle of Junín, and the main opposing commander was the Viceroy Jose de la Serna. Much later, this country surrendered its provinces of Tacna and Arica by way of the Treaty of Ancón in the War of the Pacific. The birthplace of the influential politician and writer Jose Mariategui, its independence came at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824. FTP, name this South American country with capital at Lima.;;Peru
Philosophy;;One part of this work concerns a prayer that "in relation to God we are always in the wrong," and is labeled as an "Ultimatum". The author commends language and music as the two media addressed to the ear, and then writes about composing a review to a play by Eugéne Scribe. Just before are three sections supposedly delivered to a mystical "fellowship of the deceased," including "The Unhappiest One" and "Silhouettes". A more famous section consists of letters delivered by Cordelia, the main focus of "The Seducer’s Diary". Penned by the pseudonymous Victor Eremita, FTP, name this work ostensibly about the titular division between the aesthetic and the ethical, the most famous work of Soren Kierkegaard.;;Either/Or
Art;;This man’s Disputation on the Trinity features a small but eerie crucified Jesus being held by a red-cloaked God-like figure in the background of the central scene. He won a commission from the Servites to decorate the cloisters of the Annunziata in Florence with frescoes depicting the life of St. Philip, and produced scenes from the life of John the Baptist for the cloisters of the Scalzo. Though his Madonna and Child with St. John is now in Washington's National Gallery, and Charity is in the Louvre, most of the known works of this student of Piero di Cosimo remain on display in Florence and include Madonna in Glory and the Madonna of the Harpies. FTP, name this poetic subject of Robert Browning, celebrated as "the faultless painter".;;(Andrea) (del) Sarto
Biology;;These can be measured by the CIB method, and their existence and prevalence was studied in the Luria-Delbruck Experiment, sometimes known as the fluctuation test. Mary Mitchell is known for work on the cytoplasmic basis of the poky type of them. Benzer’s theory described their location, and they are irreversibly acquired by Muller’s Ratchet, when considering asexual populations. Coined in name by Hugo de Vries as part of his namesake theory, they may come in a host of types including petite, nonsense, frameshift, and point. FTP, give this general term for changes in the structure of genetic material often responsible for disease.;;mutation(s)
British Literature;;This poem compares one character to a traveler who "burns the thirstier in the sandful breeze," and the last stanza makes reference to "mother-hearts beset with fears". One character thinks of "Jeanie in her grave, who should have been a bride". Laurence Housman inked a series of illustrations for an 1893 publication of this poem in which one character makes a notable purchase with a lock of hair. Many critics since the 70s have viewed the work as an expression of proto-feminist policies, and indeed the author was working at the Highgate Penitentiary for fallen woman when writing it. FTP, name this poem about Lizzie and Laura, by Christina Rossetti, who buy some fruit from some scary dudes at the titular place.;;Goblin Market
United States History;;Thomas Jeffords is known for his solo attempt to negotiate with this man, after departing from Butterfield Station. He was accused of abducting a one-eyed child named Mickey Free by John Ward, leading to an event known as the Bascom affair, which culminated in the hanging of a number of his relatives, and led to open hostilities. After retreating to the Dragoon Mountains, his companion was wounded by the force of James Carleton, and he finally agreed to surrender to General George Crook in 1871. The nephew and cohort of Mangas Coloradas, FTP, name this leader of the Chiracahua Apaches, whose fight was continued by Geronimo, and who gives his name to a county in Arizona.;;Cochise
Geography;;Its museums include the Leece Museum and an aviation museum at Ronaldsway Airport, and its highest point is at Snaefell Mountain, which features a railway. Although it contains the busy seaports of Ramsey, Peel, and Castletown, by far its largest city and government center is Douglas, which contains a monument to the triskelion. It includes an extension off its southern coast known as the Calf, and it is governed by the Court of Tynwald and the House of Keys. Lying about halfway between Northern Ireland and England, FTP, name this island which is home to a distinctive type of cat.;;(Isle) (of) Man
Religion;;This deity’s incarnations include Lambodara, who kills the demon Krodha, and a future form that will appear on a blue horse and slay the Mlecchas named Dhumraketu. Sometimes held to be the son of Malini originally, in some stories he has a daughter Santoshi Ma and two sons Kshema and Labha, produced from his two wives Riddhi and Siddhi. The brother of the peacock-riding war god Kartikeya, both this deity and his vehicle Mooshak enjoy modaka. He was struck by the axe thrown by Parashurama, and a more common form of him is as Vigneshwara or the destroyer of obstacles. Usually a son of Shiva and Parvati, FTP, name this affable Hindu god with a potbelly and an elephant head.;;Ganesh(a)
Chemistry;;This reaction is similar to the Blanc Reaction, which typically creates chloro-methylated compounds, and it makes ready use of ionic liquids. It can be extended to apply to coumarins, and the same type of product is created by a Fries Rearrangement. Sometimes performed in connection with a Prins cyclization, it must be carried out with more than one equivalent of Al-Cl3 to avoid complexing, and one variant of it is often employed as a two-step process ending in reduction of the carbonyl group that is attached. FTP, name this reaction which can be an acylation or an alkylation, depending on what type of group is added to the benzene ring, named for two chemists.;;Friedel-Crafts (reaction)|(alkylation)|(acylation)
British Literature;;This character sings the line "man’s life but a span," in a bar scene and famously inquires if another character reputes himself a loser. He whispers the line "bring this monstrous birth to the world’s light," and fears the "daily beauty" of another character that may make him seem ugly. Often referred to as an honest Florentine, in the final scene of the work in which he appears, he is referred to as having cloven feet, a fitting attribute for a character described by Coleridge as "motiveless malignance". Known for referring to jealousy as a "green-eyed monster," FTP name this Shakespearean villain who tries to convince Othello that Desdemona is cheating on him with Cassio.;;Iago
European History;;According to the Wallflower diaries of Guy Liddell, a secret plot to assassinate this man was facilitated by Alfgar Hesketh-Prichard. In his most famous exploit, he was encountered by a farmer David Mclean, passed himself off as Albert Horn, and was invited in for tea. He likely intended to seek out Dungavel Mansion to meet with the Duke of Hamilton. Born in Alexandria, he married Ilse Prohl and some time after the above incident was nominally replaced by Martin Bormann as Deputy Fuhrer. Still in Spandau Prison at the age of 93, he supposedly committed suicide in 1987. FTP, name this Nazi imprisoned in the Tower of London after an infamous ill-conceived flight to Scotland.;;(Walter) (Richard) (Rudolf) Hess
Biology;;For thin films, it is directly proportional to the Poisson ratio of the substrate as given by Stoney's Equation; for thicker objects it is proportional to the moment and the inverse cube of thickness. In fluid dynamics one form of this is equal to the dynamic viscosity times the derivative of velocity with respect to position.  With units of pressure, it is given by the elastic modulus times the change in length divided by length, or Young's modulus times strain. FTP, identify this deformation force per unit area, which has nothing to do with raising blood pressure.;;stress
British Literature;;He tries in vain to remember a riddle beginning, "Kitty, a fair but frozen maid". At a party, he encourages a guest to try an egg soft-boiled by his servant Serle after entreating the company to limit themselves, as he does, to a small basin of thin gruel. He worries over bothering James to take him and his younger daughter to Randall’s to visit his daughters’ former governess, the former Miss Taylor, and her husband Mr. Weston. His circle of acquaintances includes Mrs. and Miss Bates, and the proprietor of Donwell Abbey, who moves in with him to avoid separating him from his beloved daughter. FTP, name this hypochondriac neighbor of Mr. Knightley in a novel by Jane Austen who loves his daughter Emma.;;(Mr.) Woodhouse
Biology;;Demeclocycline is used to treat its overexpression, a common paraneoplastic manifestation of small cell lung cancer. This protein's precursor also encodes a glycoprotein and neurophysin II, and processing of the precursor is diminished in some Prader-Willi syndrome patients. Mutations in this gene can lead to diabetes insipidus. It is synthesized in the same areas of the hypothalamus as its related, structurally similar hormone, oxytocin. Its release leads to the insertion of aquaporins in the collecting ducts of the kidneys, thereby reabsorbing water from the urine. FTP, name this peptide hormone which is also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH.;;vasopressin|antidiuretic hormone|ADH (before) (mentioned)
European History;;Upon the death of his cousin Francis V, this man added d’Este to his name and became Grand Duke of Modena. He got General Beck sacked, and drew up plans for a possible civil war with the help of Beck’s replacement, General Conrad von Hotzendorf. He also considered replacing his country’s division into Cisleithania and Transleithania with trialism. Friedrich von Wiesner investigated this man’s death, which occurred a few days before the 14th anniversary of his morganatic marriage to Sophie Chotek. FTP, name this man who was shot on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, starting a whole war or something.;;(Archduke) Francis Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand (Karl) (Ludwig) (Joseph) (Maria) (von) (Habsburg-Lothringen) (d’Este)
Psychology;;This man’s essay "Communication: Its Blocking and Its Facility" was a major influence on the landmark 1970 rhetoric handbook of Young, Becker and Pike. He describes marriage as a "process partnership" and enumerates the four "threads of permanence" of healthy marriages in his book Becoming Partners. In Encounter Groups he identifies congruence, empathy, and respect as "core conditions". His more famous works include two essay collections, A Way of Being and The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child, but he is best known for pioneering what he originally called "non-directive therapy". FTP, name this American psychologist who wrote On Becoming a Person and explained that method in Client-Centered Therapy.;;(Carl) Rogers
Trash;;He appears as a red-haired boy who asks David to help him hide from Mr. Wedding in a novel by Diana Wynne Jones. In the Atlas Comics series Journey into Mystery, he caused Carl Creel to become Absorbing Man, while in the Sandman series, the Corinthian eats his eyes after this figure holds Daniel hostage. Alan Cumming portrayed this character in Son of the Mask, and in Shopgirl, Mirabelle's best friend, played by Samantha Shelton, goes by this name. More famously, a character by this name complains about having to rain down sulfur at Sodom and Gomorrah to his companion Bartleby. FTP, give the name of Matt Damon's character in Dogma, also shared by a certain trickster god from Norse myth.;;Loki
American Literature;;The critic Robert Dupree relates this poem to the ideas of Spengler, drawing especial attention to the reference to those "who count their days and bow / their heads with commemorial woe". Its poet wrote about it in the essay "Narcissus as Narcissus," where he said that the jaguar leaping "for his own image in a jungle pool" alters the Narcissus motif. Lillian Feder links this poem’s leaf imagery to Glaucus’s speech in Book VI of the Iliad. In the poem, the "splayed leaves" are said to "pile up…the casual sacrament" and "sough the rumour of mortality". The speaker mentions Zeno, Parmenides, and the battles of Malvern Hill and Bull Run. FTP, name this poem that takes place in a Southern graveyard, the best-known work of Allen Tate, which mirrors a Robert Lowell poem about deceased Civil War soldiers.;;"Ode to the Confederate Dead"
Earth Science;;One classification scheme for this material includes a crustal S-type produced by anatexis or ultra-metamorphism. This origin is supported by observations of migmatites, whose neosomes have this rock’s composition. It is often found in association with quartz monzonite and pegmatites, whose origins are associated with magma of this composition. Often grading into diorite around intrusions, this rock contains both orthoclase and plagioclase feldspar, as well as 20-60% quartz, giving it a felsic composition. FTP, name this intrusive equivalent of rhyolite, the most common rock in the continental crust.;;granite
United States History;;One of its signatories had crippled the Marquis de Turgot for life after being nominated to his then-current position, and it was partly motivated by a recent incident on the Black Warrior. This document cited the possibility of creating a "sinking fund" and a railroad system, in contrast with the possibility of a "second St. Domingo" and the paltry sum the territory in question could generate as income on its "palmiest days". Written as a result of a series of meetings proposed by William Marcy, this document signed by John Mason, James Buchanan, and Pierre Soule caused an outcry among Northerners who feared the spread of slavery.  FTP, identify this 1854 diplomatic communication that recommended the United States purchase Cuba from Spain.;;Ostend Manifesto
Music;;Minor characters in this opera include a shepherd who greets the dawn at the beginning of the third act, a sacristan who leads a group of choirboys into the Sant’Andrea della Valle church in the first act, and the officer Sciarrone, who announces Napoleon’s victory at the Battle of Marengo. Another character, Spoletta, is sent to find an escaped prisoner, Cesare Agnelotti, only to find that he has killed himself. He’d been hiding at the villa of a painter who sings the aria "Vittoria," Mario Cavaradossi, who is himself hiding from the Baron Scarpia. Featuring the aria "Vissi d’arte," FTP, give this opera, named for Cavaradossi’s lover, an opera singer who leaps to her death, composed by Puccini.;;Tosca
Religion;;Jerome compared the sufferings of Paulina to those of this woman. The incident in which she stole her father's teraphim is the first incident of idolatry recorded in the Bible, and in the writings of Thomas Aquinas, she represents the contemplative life. At the slaughter of the Holy Innocents, her voice was heard in Rama bewailing her children. She traded a night with her husband to get her nephew's mandrakes, and together she and her servant Bilhah bore her husband four sons--Dan, Naphthali, Benjamin, and Joseph. Originally Laban prevented her marriage until her older sister could be married off first. FTP, name this wife of Jacob, the sister of Leah.;;Rachel
Philosophy;;This man’s analytical works include "Is Existence a Predicate"? and "External and Internal Relations". In his late lectures entitled Some Main Problems of Philosophy, he reconsidered some basic beliefs, and in two of his last essays, "Four Forms of Skepticism" and "Certainty," he elaborated upon arguments put forth in his "Proof of an External World". In his most famous work, he proposes a kind of utilitarianism that owes much to his teacher Henry Sidgwick, but is better known for the idea that goodness is fundamentally indefinable and that all naturalistic accounts of ethical value involve a fallacy. The author of "The Refutation of Idealism," FTP, name this British philosopher of the Bloomsbury group, who also did Principia Ethica.;;(George) (Edward) Moore
European Literature;;Its author wrote a poem beginning "They sat there, the two" as a lyrical prologue to this work, and Emilie Bardach offended the author by claiming the title "Princess of Orangia," a reference to a character in the work. Though she inadvertently kills her sons by feeding them infected breast-milk, Aline, the protagonist's wife, is more upset at the loss of nine beautiful dolls surrendered when her family's home burned down. After agreeing to leave his wife for Hilde, the main character of this work falls to his death from the tower of his newly-constructed house. FTP, name this play about the architect Halvard Solness, written by Henrik Ibsen.;;(The) Master Builder|Bygmester Solness
Math Theory;;This man introduced a continuous, order-preserving mapping from the rationals to the quadratic irrationals in the unit interval, known as his namesake question mark function. He gave constitutive relations for linear media in terms of the proper permeability, the proper permittivity, and the material’s 4-velocity. His force is given by the derivative of momentum with respect to proper time. A graph in which slope corresponds to the reciprocal of speed and particle trajectories, known as world lines, is called his eponymous diagram. Events or 4-vectors are the elements of his namesake 4-dimensional spacetime. FTP, name this German mathematician of special relativity who has that namesake space.;;(Hermann) Minkowski
European Literature;;We know the name of this man’s wife thanks to one of his biographers, Rualdus. Among his shorter works is the "Inquiry into the Principle of Cold," which includes reports from Trajan's winter in Dacia in 106 CE. His brothers Timon and Lamprias, grandfather Lamprias, and teacher Ammonius appear in his "Symposiac Questions". Several of his essays, including "On the Decline of the Oracles" and "On the Worship of Isis and Osiris," are collected in his Moralia. Another of his works is missing a section on Epaminondas, but has a section discussing Agis and Cleomenes together with the Gracchus brothers.  FTP, name this ancient writer who paired Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great in his Parallel Lives.;;(Mestrius) Plutarch(us)
Art;;A critique of one of this man's paintings was written as a fictional correspondence with Friedrich Melchior Grimm. That painting, Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe, served as his acceptance piece at the Salon of 1765. His set of panel paintings for the Chateau de Louveciennes, The Progress of Love, was rejected by Madame du Barry, but earlier this pupil of Chardin had been popular in the court of Louis XV for delicately erotic paintings like the suggestive The Shirt Withdrawn and Love Vow as well as the more famous The Stolen Kiss and The Bathers. FTP, name this rococo artist whose most famous painting is The Swing.;;(Jean-Honore) Fragonard
World Literature;;Mira Nair's film version of Vanity Fair was dedicated to this man, a former neighbor. A Juilliard-educated pianist, he served as the classical music critic for The Nation and co-founded an orchestra with Daniel Barenboim; he also advanced a theory of "contrapuntal reading" and championed Cabral and Fanon in Culture and Imperialism. From 1963 until his death, he taught at Columbia, and his most well-known work addressed the role of the writings of de Sacy and Renand, as well as the adventure tales of Burton and Lawrence, in describing Europe's control and creation of non-Western culture. FTP, name the author of that landmark book Orientalism.;;(Edward) Said
World Literature;;A turning point in this novel comes when one of the characters is advanced to the rank of second degree Imperial consort. During these celebrations for Cardinal Spring, a spell is cast on the novel’s protagonist and on his relative Phoenix. Another turning point comes when a begonia blooms out of season and the protagonist is allowed by the Matriarch to marry Precious Virtue rather than Black Jade. At the end, the protagonist’s uncle is banished, and he passes the Imperial Examination but disappears with a monk and priest rather than serving at court. Pao-yu is the main character in, FTP, this famous Chinese novel, a chronicle of the decline of an 18th century family.;;Dream of the Red Chamber|Story of the Stone|A Dream of Red Mansions|Hong Lou Meng
Mythology;;His wife once sent a gold ring to Fulla in the care of one of this character’s brothers. On one occasion, his family received help with one of his possessions from a personage who arrived on a wolf with viper-reins, the ogress Hyrrokin. His daughter-in-law was once turned into a nut before being returned to this god’s son in the hall Gleitnir. He sent Draupnir back to Asgard after being visited by his brother Hermod the Bold, and was avenged by his brother Vali after being killed by a third brother. FTP, name this god of the Aesir whose wife Nanna jumped onto his funeral pyre after he was killed with a mistletoe dart by his blind brother Hoder.;;Baldur|Balder|Baldr
Chemistry;;A compound consisting of oxygen, chlorine, and this element reacts with DMF to produce the formylating agent used in the Vilsmeier reaction. It is the central atom in a phenyl-containing compound that is oxidized in both the Mitsunobu Esterification and the reduction of azides to amines in the Staudinger Reaction. This element can form double bonds through p-pi/d-pi bonding, which can alternately be depicted as adjacent positive and negative charges. Such a double bond between this element and carbon is found in a reagent that reacts with carbonyl groups to give alkenes in the Wittig reaction. FTP, identify this element that forms ylides and in the backbone of nucleic acids with atomic symbol P.;;phosphorus|P (before) (mentioned)
World History;;This dynasty saw the Sweet Dew Incident, which was a futile attempt to curtail the power of eunuchs. It saw the assassination of Yang Guifei, known as one of the "four ancient beauties," and military action included the Battle of Tingzhou, which resulted in loss of Gansu province, and the more substantial Battle of Talas River. It was followed by both the Liao Dynasty, ruled by Khitan people, and the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It was interrupted for a short time by the second Zhou Dynasty. Founded by Li Yuan and including the An Lu-Shan Rebellion, FTP, name this Chinese dynasty from 618-907 A.D. which also had some poets like Li Po.;;Tang (Dynasty)
American Literature;;The title character of one of this author’s stories steals money from the firm of Denny & Carson and spends eight days at the Waldorf before committing suicide. That story first appeared in The Troll Garden, and was later included in her collection Youth and the Bright Medusa.  In addition to "Paul’s Case," she wrote a novel whose title character becomes the mistress of Ivy Peters, completing Niel Herbert’s disillusionment with Mrs. Forrester. Her heroines include a girl who is deceived by Larry Donovan after leaving the employ of Wick Cutter, and a hard-working Wagnerian soprano, Thea Kronberg. FTP, name this author of A Lost Lady who wrote a novel narrated by Jim Burden, My Ántonia.;;(Willa) (Sibert) Cather
Mythology;;According to the disputed play Rhesus, there are actually two figures by this name - one a son of Cronos, and one a son of Zeus and twin brother of Arkas. According to Plutarch, an Egyptian sailor named Thamus was told by a divine voice that this figure had died. Women in his life include his daughter, Iambe, whom he had with Echo, though he was less successful at wooing Pitys, who was turned into a tree, and Syrinx, who escaped him. According to the Homeric hymn to this figure, he is the son of Dryope and Hermes. His Roman equivalent, the father of Latinus, was named Faunus and was celebrated on Lupercal. FTP, name this rustic god of the pipe, a satyr with the hind of a goat.;;Pan|Paon
World History;;One ruler of this family put down a rebellion led by Jai Singh; another expelled a group of rebels who would later conquer Crete from Byzantium. Yet another ordered the killing of St. Pelagius, and a fourth temporarily moved their capital to Ramla. They fought to a draw at the Battle of Siffin, but this tribe would have more success at a conflict remembered on the Day of Ashura, the Battle of Karbala. Their rule would see its end come at the Battle of the Zab under Marwan II, nearly a century after their founding by Muawiyah. Ruling from Damascus from 660 to 750 A.D., FTP, name this Islamic Caliphate succeeded by the Abbasids.;;Umayyad (Caliphate)
Math Theory;;Determining solutions to this over a region based on boundary conditions was the original formulation of Dirichlet's problem, and the lack of local maxima or minima in its solutions provides an easy proof of Earnshaw's Theorem. Solutions can be found numerically using the method of relaxation, which takes advantage of the mean value property satisfied by its solutions. In electrostatics it describes the potential in a region with no charge, and it is the homogenous form of Poisson's equation. FTP, name this partial differential equation with solutions known as harmonic functions in which the divergence of the gradient of a scalar function vanishes, named for a French mathematician.;;Laplace('s) (Equation)
European Literature;;It opens with an epigraph announcing that the title object "indicates some covert malice," according to a fortune-telling manual. In the opening section, one of the characters tells a story about how his grandmother was all the rage in Paris 60 years earlier, and claims she learned a valuable lesson from the Count de Saint-Germain, who pretended to be the Wandering Jew. In the conclusion, we learn that Tomsky is going to marry Princess Polina, while Hermann went insane and Lizaveta married the son of the Countess’s former steward. The story centers on an alleged secret for predicting three cards in sequence.  FTP, name this work by Alexander Pushkin, made into an opera by Tchaikovsky, named for a playing card.;;("The) Queen of Spades(")
Music;;This man’s orchestral works include a one-movement tone poem based on a Schiller play, Wallenstein’s Camp, as well as a work inspired by Shakespeare’s Richard III. Karel Sabina wrote the libretto for his first opera, and in another of his works, a knight named Ctirad falls in love with the titular warlike female, but ends up being slaughtered by Sarka’s forces. That work is part of a cycle that includes a composition inspired by the Vysehrad castle and a hill named Blanik. FTP, name this 19th-century composer of Dalibor and a sequence of six tone poems called Ma Vlast which includes "The Moldau," best known for his opera about Marenka and Jenik and their marriage, The Bartered Bride.;;(Bedrich) Smetana
Geography;;The western part of this archipelago is known as the Pine Islands, while the opposite side is dubbed the Gymnesian islands. Its important cities include Manacor and the historical seaport of Mahón, and its third-largest island has a breed of Egyptian hunting hound named after it - that island is sometimes known as Eivissa. The smallest main island is Formentera sitting directly south of Ibiza. With its capital at Palma and now considered an Autonomous Community of Spain, FTP, name this island group in the Western Mediterranean containing Minorca and Mallorca MY-yor-ca.;;Balearic (Islands)
European History;;Some provinces annexed during this man’s reign included Noricum, Pamphylia, and Lykia. He built a new port dubbed Portus Augusti by his successor north of Ostia, and was rebelled against early on by the governor of Upper Illyricum, Marcus Scribonianus. He also returned Achaea and Macedonia to Senatorial control and, in governing his empire, relied heavily on freedmen such as Narcissus and Pallas. His third wife, the lover of Caius Silius, was executed for treason. This woman, Messalina, would be replaced by Agrippina. A writer of histories of the Etruscans and Carthage, FTP, name this Roman emperor who conquered Britain and succeeded Caligula.;;(Tiberius) Claudius (Caesar) (Augustus) (Germanicus)
Earth Science;;This theory is supported on a small scale by the Redfield ratio, as seen in the work of Keith Downing. It was attacked by James Kirchner, who suggested it could actually be reformulated several ways, citing an article supporting it entitled "Is Mars a Spaceship, Too"?. It was modeled partly by Andrew Watson in the Daisyworld simulation, which described albedo as a function of area covered by white and black daisies, and it was co-formulated by Lynn Margulis. Initially proposed by James Lovelock and holding that biomass self-regulates planetary conditions toward homeostasis, FTP, name this ecological hypothesis which shares its name with the Greek goddess representing "mother Earth".;;Gaia (Hypothesis)
American Literature;;In one poem this author notes that a certain peak was "great when Homer was not born / And ere thou change all human song shall die". In addition to "Cheyenne Mountain," she wrote a poem about the "beacon-lights" which blaze for her in the houses of people who love her, "My Lighthouses".  This author’s A Masque of Poets contains the "novelette in verse" Guy Vernon, while her best-known novel focuses on the love between Alessandro and the half-Scottish title character. In her first novel, Mercy Philbrick’s Choice, she may have fictionalized the life of her friend Emily Dickinson. FTP, name this American author best known for writing about Indians in Ramona and A Century of Dishonor.;;(Helen) (Hunt) Jackson
Art;;A brown-and-white dog stands at the bank of a small river in the foreground of this work, while a white-walled building with a peaked roof and a brick chimney sits on the left in front of copse which ends near the centerline of the canvas. The trees are now gone, but the building, owned by Willy Lott, survives almost unaltered to this day. It did not attract attention until displayed in France, where it was praised by Gericault. Depicting a scene in the River Stour in Suffolk, two black horses wading in the river pull the title object, which carries two men. FTP, name this 1821 painting by John Constable, which shares its name with a triptych by Hieronymous Bosch.;;(The) Haywain
Economics;;His engineering dissertation was entitled "The Fundamental Principles of Equilibrium in Solid Bodies", and his namesake index, commonly used in the quality assurance community, plots values in descending order. His distribution, sometimes also named for Samuel Bradford, fits diverse data such as the value of oil reserves, frequency of words in novels, or sizes of human settlements. With Francis Edgeworth, he developed the indifference curve. His index measures wealth distribution, and according to his law, will usually show that 20% of the people control 80% of the wealth. FTP, name this Italian whose namesake optimality occurs when a certain allocation makes the maximum possible number of people better off.;;(Vilfredo) Pareto
United States History;;The founder of Fort Snelling, an island named for this man was the destination of many involved in a mass hanging during the Dakota War in Mankato, Minnesota. During the War of 1812, he served in New Orleans as inspector-general, having earlier commanded the Fourth Infantry at the Battle of Tippecanoe before being killed in an attack on modern-day Toronto. He misidentified Leech Lake as the source of the Mississippi River when Governor James Wilkinson sent him on his first expedition, while a second expedition ended in arrest by the Spanish, but not before he coined the phrase "Great American Desert". FTP, name this American explorer, who has a namesake "peak" in Colorado.;;(Zebulon) (Montgomery) Pike
Physics;;The two-dimensional form of this technique, sometimes also two-color, can be frequency and time-resolved to produce synchronous correlation maps. It may be used to analyze solids when they are mixed with non-volatile liquid and ground into a mull, or incorporated into potassium bromide discs or cells, employed because they lack covalent bonds, with common solvents like CHCl3 and CS2. It produces a portion known as the fingerprint region from 1400 to 600 inverse centimeters, and might show a broad adsorption band near 3000 indicating an alcohol functional group. FTP, name this way of identifying organic compounds, a type of spectroscopy named for the radiation of shorter frequency than visible light.;;Infrared (Spectroscopy)|IR (Spectroscopy)
European Literature;;The protagonist goes to Pfeiffering after spending three months at Doctor von Hosslin’s clinic in Nymphenburg, but after he nearly drowns himself in Klammer Pool, his mother comes to fetch him home to Buchel Farm. Earlier, he had almost gone insane after his young nephew Nepomuk died of meningitis. The protagonist admires the poetry of Verlaine, but his favorite poet is William Blake. His early works were based on the Gesta Romanorum and Love’s Labor’s Lost, while the major work of his maturity is a cantata intended to cancel Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. Serenus Zeitblom tells the story of his friend Adrian Leverkühn in, FTP, what novel by Thomas Mann about a composer’s pact with the devil?;;Doktor Faustus
European Literature;;Near the end of this work, one speaker discusses the statues of Daedalus, which are said to run away if one does not tie them down. Earlier, he criticizes some verses of Theognis which seem to contradict themselves on the question of whether virtue can be taught. The title character of this work is a young man from Thessaly who is a friend of Anytus, one of the accusers of the principal speaker, though the work is better known for its discussion of the idea that we possess all knowledge at birth and "learn" things by recollection. Containing the problem of finding a square double in area to a given square, FTP, name this Platonic dialogue in which the titular slave is led to figure out the right answer.;;Meno
Art;;A work depicting a youth winding a fillet around his head and a woodwork known as the "Hecate" are likely by this artist, who inspired a sonnet by José Maria de Heredia with his depiction of Ladas the runner. The Greek Anthology contains 36 poems upon a work by this pupil of Ageladas, which appeared on a marble base in Athens but has since been lost. In addition to that famous depiction of a cow, this man created a notorious marble statue of a drunken old hag, but is better known for the Athena and Marsyas group and a work of which two copies were discovered in the late 18th century. FTP, name this ancient Greek sculptor of an athlete with his right arm extended, the Discobolus or Discus-Thrower.;;Myron
European History;;This ruler established a code which mandated that pavilions be owned by only one family and ordered the execution of the Duke of Biron partially for conspiring with Savoy, which was forced to surrender Bresse to him by the Treaty of Lyons. His other less known diplomacy includes sending the Duke of Mercoeur to sign the Peace of Vervins. His mistresses included Gabrielle d’Estrée, and he won major military victories at Arques and Ivry. His main advisor Maximilien de Bethune, the Duke of Sully, reformed the paulette and he was succeeded by his son by Marie de Medici, Louis XIII. FTP, name this French king who declared that Paris was worth a mass and signed the Edict of Nantes as the first Bourbon.;;Henry IV
British Literature;;Essays about this author include D. W. Harding’s "Regulated Hatred" and one by Christopher Ricks about this author "and the business of mothering". Books on this author include one on "irony as defense and discovery" by Marvin Mudrick and one on "the war of ideas" by Marilyn Butler. Her early works include the fragmentary epistolary novels Lesley Castle and Love and Friendship, while she abandoned The Watsons and never finished Sanditon.  Her male characters include Henry Tilney, Frank Churchill, and Captain Wentworth, all in her standard canon of six completed novels. FTP, name this author of Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, and Pride and Prejudice.;;(Jane) Austen
Physics;;This Olkhovsky-Recami definition has been applied to this phenomenon in studying its namesake time problem, a result of the Eisenbud-Wigner calculation of its time frame, repeated by Hartman. It was observed by Helmut Wipf with regard to hydrogen in niobium, and its coherence was correlated with temperature, a realization of the Zeno Effect. Gurney and Condon proposed it as a part of a mechanism for alpha decay, confirmed by George Gamow, while Binnig and Rohrer applied it to the resolution of very small objects in electron microscopy. Allowing classically forbidden escape from potential wells, FTP, name this quantum effect by which a particle can perform the namesake action of leaking through a barrier.;;quantum tunneling|(just) tunneling (after) (quantum) (is) (mentioned)
World History;;During the Warring States Period, a kingdom of this name was a frequent target of attacks from Qin Tchin, culminating in the 260 BC Battle of Changping. The name of a number of minor states in the periods in between dynasties, its most famous incarnation was founded by a peasant from around modern-day Xuzhou Syue-joe, and came to power after defeating the forces of Chu led by Xiang Syiang Yu.   Dominated by the Cao Tsao family for its last thirty years, notable emperors included Wendi and Wudi, as well as the founder Gaozu, born Liu Bang. Now giving its name to the most common name for ethnic Chinese, FTP, name this dynasty interrupted by Wang Mang, which reigned from 206 BC to 220 AD.;;Han (Dynasty)
European Literature;;One portion of this work is described as "A Short Dictionary of Misunderstood Words" and features some analysis of the terms "compassion" and "kitsch". One character dreams repeatedly of marching naked to her death near a pool while another eventually becomes a window-washer. Taking as a symbol the dog Karenin, this novel features a girl with the large glasses who becomes an unlikely mistress for a university professor, who in turn has an affair with the artist Sabina. Citing both Parmenides and Nietzsche’s concept of eternal return, it also tells of the tumultuous affair between Tereza and Tomas, who represent the title concept and its opposite, weight. FTP, name this novel set against the backdrop of the Prague Spring, the best known by Milan Kundera.;;(The) Unbearable Lightness of Being|Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí
European History;;This king’s reign saw the passage of a twenty tax known as the Edict of Marly and the beginning of the La Chalotais Affair, which challenged his authority. Late in his reign, the legal system was refashioned by Maupeou, and this king was nearly assassinated by Robert Damiens. Despite written instructions to the contrary, Phillipe d’Orleans served as regent for this king, originally betrothed to the three-year-old Infanta of Spain, who was rejected for Maria Leszczynska of Poland. His early reign was dominated by his tutor the Cardinal Fleury, and other women of his reign included the Madame du Barry and the Marquise de Pompadour. FTP, name this king of France from 1715 to 1774, succeeded by Louis XVI.;;Louis XV(,) (the) (Beloved)|Louis (the) Beloved
Physics;;For a physical system, a component of this quantity is conserved if the Lie derivative of the action integral with respect to a point translation group vanishes. For a central-force potential, the eigenfunctions of the quantum mechanical operator for this observable are the spherical harmonics. Its addition is completely described by the tables of Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. Newton’s second law can be crossed with a position vector to yield an equation of motion for this vector quantity when it is noted that its time derivative is the torque. FTP, name this physical quantity symbolized L, the rotational analogue of the linear momentum.;;(the) angular momentum (prompt) (on) L| (do) (not) (accept)|(prompt) (on) ("momentum")
Mythology;;This deity, who was similar to the god Ani, was celebrated at a festival called Agonium and is often given the epithet Curiatius. With the nymph Venilia, he gave birth to the beautiful singer Canens who wed Picus. He also pursued the nymph Carna, and his most common wives are usually held to be Juturna and Camese. Called the Porter of Heaven, he caused the eruption of a hot spring to repell the Sabines, so the doors of his temple were kept open during times of war. FTP, name this Roman god of exits and entrances, which is logical, because he is depicted as having two faces that point forwards and backwards.;;Janus
Geography;;From the summit of this peak, one can see Mount Shinn and Mount Gardner, both also taller than fifteen thousand feet, while its southern end stretches to Mount Craddock. The first successful ascent of it was completed by Nicholas Clinch who then moved on to nearby Mount Tyree, and a 2001 expedition that included Into Thin Air author Jon Krakauer successfully climbed it from the eastern face. Most climbs of this peak, which sits in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, are made starting from the Branscomb Glacier. Unknown until sighted by a US Navy flight in 1957, it is now named for a U.S. Congressman from Georgia. FTP, name this tallest mountain on Antarctica, a certain massif.;;Vinson (Massif)
European Literature;;One of this author’s poems sees a title character exiled from Paradise go in search of a mortal named Tamara, while another describes the speaker’s "lifeblood trickling out through and through". Sometimes described as "tied to a hefty volume of Byron," this author wrote a drama that sees a woman fed poisoned ice cream by her husband. In addition to "The Dream," "The Novice," and Masquerade, he is also known for works like The Circassian Boy, the long poem "Borodino," and a story about Merchant Kalashnikov. However, it is a novel about Bela, Taman, Princess Mary, and Maksim Maksimych which gives him his greatest literary fame. FTP, name this Russian author who created Pechorin in his masterpiece A Hero of Our Time.;;(Mikhail) (Yuryevich) Lermontov
World History;;A scribe of these people, Ahmes, was responsible for the creation of what is now known as the Rhind Papyrus. One ruler of this empire, King Apepi, ruled for at least forty years and went by the epithet of Aauserra. A Semitic people, much of what we know of them comes from Tell el-Dab’a and they were given a name which likely means "rulers of foreign lands". They introduced the composite bow and chariot after their invasion, and ruled from the capital of Avaris, but were finally expelled by Ahmose I around 1540 BCE, which led to the establishment of the 18th Dynasty. FTP, name these people who ruled northern Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.;;Hyksos
Chemistry;;This type of reaction can occur hundreds of times faster if the atoms of the transition state line up in an antiperiplanar configuration. The mechanism for it was proposed by Ingold and is a concerted process whose transition state includes a partially formed pi bond. An example of this type of reaction is the dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides to produce alkenes. In general, if more than one alkene can be formed, the compound with the most highly substituted double bond will be the major product, a tendency known as Zaitsev’s rule. Promoted by strong bulky bases, FTP, name this type of organic reaction, in which an elimination is carried out in one step.;;E2 (reactions)|bimolecular elimination (reactions)
Art;;A bare-breasted woman with pinned-back hair is the subject of this artist’s early chalk drawing Flora, which can be found in the Louvre. His time with Claude Audran spurred his interest in Rubens, and while under Claude Gillot he produced the works Le Mezzetin and Gilles, which show characters from Commedia dell’arte. An early work is The Village Bride, while one of his later works subject to varying interpretations is Halt During the Hunt, and his last major effort was Gersaint’s Shopsign. These pieces are less characteristic than Do You Want to Succeed with Women? and The Pleasures of Love. FTP, name this master of the fetes galantes, a French Rococo artist best known for The Embarkation from Cythera.;;(Jean-Antoine) Watteau
Sociology;;Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin attempted to merge this idea with the work of its formulators through differential opportunity theory. Marco Orru wrote about the ethics of it, and Robert Dubin disputed its harmful effects on society. Originally coined in one sense by Jean-Marie Guyau, it was associated with the urban environment by Louis Wirth. It is said to be "impossible whenever inter-dependent organs are sufficiently in contact and sufficiently extensive," and inspired an explanation of deviant behavior known as the "strain theory" of Robert Merton. Introduced in The Division of Labor in Society, FTP, name this breakdown in individual or social norms first posited by Emile Durkheim.;;anomie
British Literature;;This author’s essay "New Mexico" claims that his trips to that state were the greatest experience from the outside world he ever had. His other nonfiction works include Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious and Movements in European History, while his frequently anthologized poems include "Snake" and "How Beastly the Bourgeoisie Is". He began to write the novel The Lost Girl in Italy after emigrating there with his wife, Frieda von Richthofen, but may be better known for a work about Christ’s resurrection, The Man Who Died, and a set of two novels whose characters he based partly on John Middleton Murray and Katherine Mansfield. FTP, name this British novelist of Aaron’s Rod, The Rainbow and Lady Chatterley’s Lover.;;(David) (Herbert) Lawrence
United States History;;This man had an unfortunate penchant for dueling as he defeated a sea captain off Honduras early in his career and later repeatedly challenged James Easton. Initially finding success as a pharmacist and merchant captain, his later career saw him passed over in favor of Thomas Mifflin. He met Margaret Shippen, known as Peggy, in Philadelphia and she became his wife and confidante, after he earlier turned back an invasion at Valcour Island, triumphing over Guy Carleton. Also a victor at Fort Stanwix, FTP, name this general who commanded brilliantly at the Battle of Saratoga before attempting to grant the British control of the Hudson River Valley in 1779, thereby becoming infamous as a traitor to the American cause.;;(Benedict) Arnold
Math Theory;;For a compact, two-dimensional Riemannian manifold, this value times 2 pi is equal to the surface integral of the Gaussian curvature over the entire manifold, a result known as the Gauss-Bonnet formula. It can be described more generally as an alternating sum of Betti numbers, which were used by Poincaré to extend this property to higher-dimensional spaces. It must be zero for any closed, odd-dimensional manifold as a result of the Poincaré duality. For a surface of genus zero, its value is 2, resulting in its namesake’s formula that relates a convex polyhedron’s edges, vertices, and faces. Usually symbolized with the Greek letter chi, FTP, name this invariant which describes a topological space, a characteristic named for a famous Swiss mathematician.;;(the) Euler(-Poincaré) characteristic (prompt) (on) chi
Music;;This man wrote a woodwind octet on the death of his mother and some Shakespearean songs including "Who is Sylvia". His classically themed opera Adrast was set aside and left fragmented, as was the three-act opera based on a Sanskrit tale, Sacontala. Six of his dances, catalogue number 820, were lost for a century until orchestrated by Anton Webern. After the failure of the operas The Devil’s Palace of Desire and The Friends of Salamanca, this musician produced six of his twenty-one piano sonatas while staying with Schober in 1817. Like the rest of his works, this composer’s German Dances are in the Deutsch catalog. FTP, name this composer of hundreds of lieder, the German Requiem and nine symphonies including the Great and Unfinished.;;(Franz) (Peter) Schubert
Math Theory;;Finding one of these often necessitates finding a best-response correspondence function and analysis of one is often performed using an orientation matrix. Kakutani’s fixed-point theorem is fundamental to a proof of their existence and they gave rise to an associated "Programme" and "Bargaining Solution". The concept may have originated with the Cournot duopoly problem and H.W. Kuhn has studied their variants involving imperfect information. Also the subject of work done by Selten and Harsanyi, they were introduced in the 1950 paper "Non-Cooperative Games". FTP, name these situations in which no player in a game can gain an advantage by unilaterally changing his own strategy, an equilibrium named for that dude in A Beautiful Mind.;;Nash (equilibria)
World Literature;;In this work, one character comments that "He hopes these pious days are happy ones" after another character is frightened by a bee. Beginning with the killing of a deer, it’s been translated by Arthur Ryder among others. The setting is the banks of the river Malini at the hermitage of the sage Kanva. Priyamvada and Anusuya are friends of the main character, whose name derives from protection by birds. That character’s downfall comes due to a curse by the sage Durvasa, which causes the daughter of Vishvamitra to be forgotten by her husband Dushyanta when she loses a ring that he had presented to her earlier. FTP, name this ancient drama centering on an important figure from Hindu mythology, written by Kalidasa.;;(The) (Recognition) (of) Shakuntala|Shakuntala (and) (the) (Ring) (of) (Recollection)|(Abhijna) kuntala(m)
World History;;Hans Delbruck has famously argued against the significance of this battle’s outcome, but other historians like Stephen Runciman agree that it was monumental. The losing commander was blinded and exiled to the island of Proti after losing his left wing commanded by Bryennios. One general led forces accompanying the Pechenegs to Khliat, but then defected to Melitene and never fought in the battle, which saw the betrayal of Andrikos Doukas. One side was led by Alp Arslan and the other by Romanus IV, after a certain refusal to give up the siege of Edessa. FTP, name this battle of 1071 CE fought in Eastern Anatolia between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks.;;(Battle) (of) Manzikert
Biology;;This process fails to occur for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which clinically results in a granuloma. Microglia perform this process in the brain, but its erroneous application may be responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. In most multicellular organisms, the ability to perform it is limited to a small number of cell types, and the vesicle formed in it is merged with lysosomes. In protists, however, it represents a more general process of material uptake and may be an organism’s main source of nutrition. It begins with chemotaxis to the target, followed by formation of the pseudopodia to engulf the target. With vesicles larger than those in pinocytosis sometimes referred to as "food vacuoles," FTP, name this process most literally described as "cell-eating".;;phagocytosis
American Literature;;One of its poems is written "in happy memory" of Queen Elizabeth, while another shows an argument between two sisters about the power of conceptuality versus materialism, entitled "The Flesh and the Spirit". Including "Man’s Constitution," it also contains several dedications to the author’s children and husband including "To my Dear and Loving Husband". Published by the author’s brother-in-law John Woodbridge with the subtitle "By a Gentlewoman in Those Parts", it preceded works like Contemplations and "Meditations Divine and Moral," and contains a section on "The Four Ages of Man" as well as an often-read poem about the burning of a certain house. FTP, name this collection of poems first published in 1650, written by Anne Bradstreet.;;(The) Tenth Muse, Lately Sprung Up, in America(,) (By) (a) (Gentlewoman) (in) (Those) (Parts)
European History;;It took place during the Carneia, and saw a defense of the critical path by Phocians who took high ground and stupidly let the enemy pass. Hydarnes led the force of immortals that finally broke through from the rear after frontal attempts by Cissians and Medes failed the first two days. The loquacious Thespians chose to stay when the rest of the allies were dismissed, and the naval component of the allies reached a stalemate at nearby Artemisium. 10,000 of the elite forces were led by the deserter Ephialtes to another mountain pass, trapping the 300 Spartans under the command of Leonidas. FTP, name this battle of the Persian war in which Xerxes took a "hot gate".;;Thermopylae
European History;;This event was supported by Marián Calfa and Petr Pithart. They led the opposition under umbrella societies known as the Public Against Violence and its equivalent the Civic Forum or OF, after what initially began as a flowery celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Jan Opletal. Those groups were really offshoots of an organization formed about a decade earlier, after the banning of the Plastic People of the Universe, the Charter 77 Movement. In its wake, the country would experience what is sometimes cleverly called the Hyphen War. Resulting in the democratic election of Vaclav Havel, FTP, name this revolution in Czechoslovakia, with a title that reflects its bloodlessly smooth nature.;;Velvet Revolution|Velvet Divorce
Chemistry;;This chemical quantity changes in successive steps of a Latimer Diagram, and a Pourbaix Diagram will show the different pH values at which different values of this quantity will be available in equilibrium conditions. Gibbs Free Energy is plotted against it in a Frost Diagram, which shows this quantity with regard to a redox active atom and has a slope equal to the standard potential. Its value is usually constant for oxygen, except in the case of peroxides, and adding it together will give the overall charge of a compound. FTP, name these integer numbers assigned to elements, for example +1 for sodium, the presumptive opposite of reduction numbers.;;oxidation number(s) (take) (oxidation) (state,) (oxidation) (value,) (etc.)
Art;;Thomas Patch popularized this man's most famous work in a series of engravings and brought plaster casts of it to England. His autobiography and other assorted writings, which included notes on optics, were collected in his Commentarii, and he was an avid collector of classical sculptures such as the "Bed of Polyclitus". More famous is this man's work on the shrine of St. Zenobius, as well as statues of John the Baptist, Matthew, and Stephen, while his most famous creations depict scenes such as the visit of the Queen of Sheba and the drunkenness of Noah. Famous for winning a competition against Jacopo della Quercia and Fillippe Brunelleschi, FTP, name this architect who depicted the sacrifice of Isaac on the "gates of paradise" for the Florence baptistry.;;(Lorenzo) Ghiberti
Economics;;Newer versions of it take into account supply shocks, especially after the OPEC oil crisis of the 1970’s. Among its assumptions is that one of its variables has inertia unless some outside factor acts to stop it. A major theoretical challenge to it came from Milton Friedman and Ed Phelps, and another practical objection from Robert Lucas and his school of rational expectations, which argued that using its conclusions to make policy would be counteracted by expectation of outcome. While it showed a trend during the 1960’s and early 1970’s, data from the late 70s and 90s denies the structural linkage between its two variables, and the resulting tradeoff. FTP, name this tool of Keynesian economists, a curve that shows a relationship between inflation and unemployment.;;Phillips (Curve)
World History;;The second ruler of this name defeated the seven chiefs of Takhsy on one of his two campaigns in Syria, and was famed for his athletic feat of shooting arrows through a copper target while driving a chariot. The first ruler of this name was celebrated as a patron god at the craftsmen village of Deir el-Medina and was the son and successor of Ahmose. The third one represented himself with towering quartzite structures called the Colossi of Memnon, and had an influential queen named Tiye. The final one moved the capital to Amarna and began a new form of worship with his wife Nefertiti. FTP, give the name of these four Egyptian pharaohs, the last of whom changed his name to Akhenaten.;;Amenhotep(s) (do) (not) (Akhenaten)
Math Theory;;One of its central postulates originated in the work of one of its namesakes and Thoralf Skolem, and the solution to Whitehead's problem is independent of it. Easing the requirement of separation, though not that of regularity, leaves it vulnerable to Russel's paradox. Unlike the von Neuman-Bernays-Godel theory, it does not include classes, and the continuum hypothesis cannot be proven or disproven within it. Richard Monatgue proved that it is not finitely axiomatizable, and included in this theory are statements concerning extensionality, the unordered pair, and replacement, which is actually an axiom schema. FTP, identify this set theory containing eight axioms and the optional axiom of choice, named for two Germans.;;Zermelo-Fraenkel|ZFC (set) (theory)
British Literature;;He addressed "thou best of men and friends" in an ode to his friend Charles Cotton entitled The Grasshopper, and wrote of a "greatness" that "dropt both a load to the cradle and the tomb" in an Elegy for Princess Katherine. A gentleman who "brought up Oxford with him to show you" is the subject of his prelude to The Scholars, and he also wrote of a woman who possessed a fan with a looking-glass in it, as well as two songs sung by Orpheus to the beasts and the woods. Better known for writing to Lucy Sacheverell that "I could not love thee dear so much, loved I not honor more," FTP, identify this Cavalier poet, best known for his Lucasta poems, including one "To Althea, from Prison".;;(Richard) Lovelace
Religion;;This belief system features village centers of prayer known as retreats or khalwa, with prayer generally obligatory on Friday and Monday evenings. Its adherents may be divided into ignorant material-based members and the initiated spiritual holders of wisdom, or jihhal and uqqal respectively. It preaches seven fundamental pillars and five true and false cosmic parameters, often represented by the five-pointed multicolored star. With a collection of five holy epistles known as the Rasa’il al-hikmah, they believe that the sixth Fatimid caliph al-Hakim represented the final incarnation of God. FTP, name this religious sect popular in Lebanon and named after al-Darazi.;;Druze (prompt) (Muwahhidun)
Music;;Writing about this musical work, the composer spoke of two unifying threads, which consist of a thunderous motif with a full orchestra that introduces the first and fourth movements and a cadenza-like violin solo. In the third section, two characters are identified with strings and a clarinet, and that section contains an allegretto with parts for snare drum. A shipwreck on a rock topped by the statue of a bronze horseman is illustrated in the last movement, which brings in a bassoon part from the title character of a previous section. Including such movements as The Story of the Kalander Prince and The Sea and Sinbad's Ship, FTP, identify this composition by Rimsky-Korsakov named for the Persian queen in The Thousand and One Nights.;;Scheherazade
Geography;;Home to the 12th-century monk Anthony, author of the Pilgrim's Book, in 1611, it was captured by the Swedes, who held it for seven years. In 1019, it was granted a charter of self-government, according to which a town assembly, or veche, would elect a burgomaster. A team led by Artikhovsky and Kolchin took 13 years to excavate the 9,000 square meters occupied by this city's 1,150 log buildings. It was also home to Gennadius, the first to translate all of the Old and New Testaments into Old Church Slavonic, and in 1240, its army defeated a Swedish force, leading its prince Alexander to receive the epithet "Nevsky". Sacked in 1570 by Ivan the Terrible, FTP, name this Russian city-state on the Volkhov river, sometimes confused with its "lower," or "Nizhny" counterpart.;;Novgorod
Astronomy;;Among the experiments searching for these objects is the England-based SuperWASP project, which operates by continuously imaging the sky and detecting changes in brightness. They can be detected by pulsar timing experiments, as was done with PSR B1257+12 in 1992, while experiments such as the OGLE group employ gravitational lensing. Other satellites searching for them include the Darwin and Kepler missions, and the most common method of finding them is by measuring the Doppler shift which results from the gravitational influence on the stars they orbit. FTP, identify these objects of which there are now only eight in our solar system, not including Pluto.;;(extrasolar) planet(s)
British Literature;;During a wedding, the protagonist’s mother recites to her guests the line, "a son is a son till he gets him a wife, but a daughter's a daughter for the rest of her life". While reading a book of essays, the protagonist thinks that "democracy must be real, because it is so very earnest," but in an interview with Mr. Torrington pretends to prefer Barrie to Shaw. He demands tuition money from his Eliza following the sale of Dixieland, where he met Laura James. In the end, he encounters the ghost of his brother Ben, which tells him, "You are your world". Taking its title from Milton's Lycidas, and continued by its author's Of Time and the River, FTP, identify this novel about the coming of age of Eugene Gant, written by Thomas Wolfe.;;Look Homeward, Angel
Philosophy;;One of this man’s lesser works is his "Dialogue of a Philosopher with a Jew and a Christian," featuring the title characters in a dream. One source on him is a letter from Fulco of Deuil, and his pupils included John of Salisbury and Arnold of Brescia. A onetime student of Anselm of Laon, much of his life is told in his Historia Calamitatum, including his time under William of Champeaux. His most influential work remains a series of 158 questions, each accompanied by contradictory arguments of patristic authorities, entitled Sic et Non. The founder of the Paraclete, FTP, name this 12th century philosopher better known for being castrated as the lover of Heloise.;;(Peter) Abelard
Philosophy;;Together with "Christianity," this idea titles a 1991 book by Jacques Ellul, who investigated the Bible as a source of this concept. Max Stirner was an advocate of this idea in his The Ego and His Own, while a noted Asian adherent is Kotoku Shusui, publisher of the Commoner's Newspaper. Other works on it include one by Benjamin Tucker, on state socialism and this concept, and a book of essays including "Minorities versus Majorities," and "The Hypocrisy of Puritanism". A communistic version of it was advocated by Peter Kropotkin, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon coined it to refer to himself in What Is Property? Also associated with Emma Goldman, FTP, identify this political philosophy which advocates the elimination of the state and is Greek for "without rulers".;;anarchy anarchism(,) anarchist(,) (and) (other) (word) (forms)
United States History;;This piece of legislation was partly inspired by the Northcote-Trevelyan Report, which achieved a similar result in Britain years earlier. It was extended by the Lloyd-LaFollette Act, and its 11 sections were probably mostly written by a lawyer named Dorman Eaton. The man who sponsored it was the president of Kentucky Central Railroad, and had run for vice president years before on the ticket of George McClellan. Passed one year after the Chinese Exclusion Act and directly in the wake of Garfield’s assassination, it most notably established the Civil Service Commission. FTP, name this act passed in 1883 to limit political patronage.;;Pendleton (Act)|(take) (Civil) (Service) (Act) (of) (1883)|(Civil) (Service) (Reform) (Act) (before) (the) (clue) ("Civil) (Service")
Physics;;The existence of this effect in lead glass provides a way of measuring the current in power lines, while measurements of this effect for the interstellar medium are used to determine electron density. Quantum-mechanically, this effect results from Zeeman splitting, and can be derived from classical electrodynamics by introducing into Maxwell's equations the cyclotron frequency and calculating the resulting index of refraction. The angle corresponding to this effect is given by the path distance times the magnetic field strength times the Verdet constant. FTP, name this magneto-optical effect in which the plane of polarization of light rotates when the light propagates parallel to a magnetic field, named for a famous English physicist who also has a law, a constant, and a cage.;;Faraday (rotation)|(effect)
European Literature;;At one point during this work, one of the title figures delivers a monologue in which he laments that he’s "not old enough to do without women, and not young enough to go and look for one without shame". In the second act, one figure acts out the real life incident in which her father attempted to hire her as a prostitute for Madame Pace, and the two younger children will say nothing as long as another character is not present. As this work opens, the titular figures are preparing to rehearse the play Mixing It Up, and it ends with The Boy's suicide while The Manager concludes, "Pretence? Reality? To hell with it all!... I've lost a whole day over these people". FTP, identify this play about dramatic creations that demand a creator, written by Luigi Pirandello.;;Six Characters in Search of an Author|Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore
British Literature;;This author collaborated with Philip Glass on the making of an opera based on her novel The Making of the Representative from Planet 8. A marriage of Mary to Dick Turner is at the center of this author's first novel, The Grass is Singing, while two of her later novels, Diary of a Good Neighbor, and If the Old Could, were published under the pseudonym Jane Somers. The influence of Sufist thought can be seen in such works by this author as Shikasta and The Sirian Experiments, volumes in her science-fiction quintet Canopus in Argos. The madness of Charles Watkins is the basis for Briefing for a Descent into Hell, but she is best known for a work in which Anna Wulf records the story of her life in the title object. FTP, identify this British writer, best known for her 1962 novel, The Golden Notebook.;;(Doris) Lessing
Philosophy;;His cosmology was a conjunction of the astronomy of Alpetragius and the chemistry of Paracelsus. In one of his early works, he compared his theories to a bee gathering honey, in contrast to a spider spinning a web. In that work he also attacked the work of Telesio, as an extension of earlier criticisms in On the Principles and Origins According to the Fables of Cupid and Coleum. In the second part of his most famous work he discussed his catalog of errors in human ideas, which are caused by "the Cave", "the market-place," or "the Tribe". These Idols were later expounded upon in The Advancement of Learning. FTP, identify this philosopher who advocated for the scientific method in his Novum Organum and wrote The New Atlantis.;;F(rancis) Bacon
Computer Science;;Their implementation is often different from their formal representation, particularly in the ability to handle squares, which is NP-hard. Quantification can be difficult sometimes because of greedy evaluation. A backtracking algorithm can be used to implement them, while another method transforms a nondeterministic finite automata to a deterministic finite automata. Formally equivalent to a type 3 Chomsky grammar, the notation for it was developed by Stephen Kleene and later adapted by Ken Thompson for use in QED pron. "ked". Some of its conventions include using a dollar sign to find a newline, and using brackets to demarcate a character to be found. Used extensively in Perl and the Unix command grep, this is, FTP, what system of pattern matching?;;regular expressions (also) regex|regexp
British Literature;;In the third part of this work, the protagonist visits with the Lehrs and takes a bath in a river, chastising himself for his idleness. In an earlier scene, one character writes a letter to his wife Sylvia while another wanders around a graveyard where a family is burying a little girl. A dentist named Mr. Tench dominates the first scene, and after visiting with him, the protagonist encounters Coral Fellows and his own illegitimate daughter Brigida. An untrustworthy character known as the "mestizo" appears halfway through this work, which features the "gringo" and the "lieutenant," and the disreputable Padre Jose. Also published under the title The Labyrinthine Ways, FTP, name this story of a "whisky priest" combating suppression of the church in Mexico in the 1930’s, a work by Graham Greene.;;(The) Power and the Glory
Geography;;Civil War clashes that were fought in this state include the Battle of Mossy Creek, which resulted in the holding of Talbott’s Station, and was part of a generally successful Union campaign that concluded at the Battle of Fair Garden under Samuel Sturgis. Sites of other battles here included Bean’s Station, Hatchie’s Bridge, Spring Hill, and Wauhatchie. A more famous battle in this state saw the capture of Orchard Knob and Lookout Mountain and the storming of Missionary Ridge. Home to Fort Pillow and Fort Donelson, FTP, name this state which also saw the Battle of Stones River or Murfreesborough as well as the Battle of Chattanooga.;;Tennessee
Art;;Along with the Mona Lisa, pieces of this work appear in Jasper Johns’ Racing Thoughts, and its form resembles that of Melchior Broederlam’s work in Dijon. The limewood figures of Nikolaus Hagenauer accompanied this work in its original location. The predella contains the Lamentation of Mary and Mary Magdalene, and it presents three views, the innermost showing the Temptation of St. Anthony and St. Paul in the desert, and the outermost panels showing St Anthony and St Sebastian flanking a Gothic-style Crucifixion scene. FTP, name this work made for the monastery of St. Anthony in the namesake town, a famous altarpiece done by Matthias Grunewald.;;Isenheim Altarpiece
Biology;;Heroin addicts who accidentally injected the chemical MPTP in the 1980s developed it, and a mutated UCHL1 gene has been shown to cause it in exactly one family. Its symptoms are similar to those found in Hallervorden-Spatz disease, and its ideopathic variety always features the presence of Lewy bodies and neuron loss. Directly caused by a loss of certain neurons in the substantia nigra, treatments for it include injection of GDNF to slow neuron death, and ingestion of L-DOPA to increase the amount of dopamine in the brain and alleviate symptoms such as bradykinesia and rigity. FTP, name this disease first publicized by its English namesake in 1817 in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, which famously afflicts Michael J. Fox.;;Parkinson('s) (Disease)
American Literature;;The second half of the poem imagines a "new, sweet world" where "gone was the weasel head, the snout, the jowl!" and where there would be "athletes clean". This is preceded by a section describing "walking lepers", "rank on rank" as well as "drabs from the alleyways" and "drug fiends pale". The title character "died blind", although his eyes were "still dazed by the ways of God". Intended as a "poem game" to attract the readership of the common man, it first instructs the accompaniment of a bass drum beaten loudly. Sung to the tune of "The Blood of the Lamb," this is, FTP, what poem concerning the founder of the Salvation Army, written by Vachel Lindsey?;;(")General William Booth Enters Into Heaven(")
Geography;;This ancient city thrived under Untash Gal, who built the religious site of Chogha Zanbil nearby. Herodotus relates that Histiaeus of Miletus was brought to this city and served as an advisor, but wanted to leave, and so encouraged an Ionian revolt. The site of the victory stele of Naram-Sin, it was utterly destroyed by Ashurbanipal in 646 B.C. Initially the capital of the Elamite kingdom, it was later a frequent refuge of the Parthians from their other capital at Ctesiphon, and also was a terminus of the Royal Road built by Darius I. FTP, name this great city of ancient Persia, with a shorter name than Persepolis.;;Susa (Shush,) (Shushan)
Music;;He was ridiculed off a stage for an early attempt to play "Body and Soul" in double time. The drummer Jo Jones once threw a cymbal at his feet because he lost the key in a jam session. Later, he played with Earl Hines and studied with Maury Deutsch. Following this, he teamed up with a new group of musicians during jam sessions at Minton’s Playhouse. This led to hits like "Now’s the Time" and "Thriving on a Riff". He once said that he devised his most famous musical innovation while playing the song "Cherokee" with Buddy Fleet. Best known for his collaboration with Dizzy Gillespie on the Savoy Sessions, he was done in by drug addiction. FTP, identify this Kansas City native, a jazz saxophonist and co-founder of bebop nicknamed "Bird".;;(Charlie) Parker
Biology;;One class of this phylum contains special secreting cells called rhabdites, while a part of another class has a type of vestigial vagina known as Laurer’s Canal, and other classes feature a defined syncytial tegument. Best represented in separate classes by Clonorchis, Taenia, and Dugesia, the most developed class features a scolex or knob head, behind which are generated proglottids and flame cells. The above-represented classes are the Turbellarians, the Cestodians, and the Trematodes. Comprising the planarians, flukes, and tapeworms, FTP, what is this simple acoelamate phylum with a long name.;;(Phylum) Platyhelminthes
Art;;In a famous work by this author, the title character pays Jean Breville to seduce her, asking, "can love be merely this"? His first work dealt with the psychological implications of impotency and a famous novel of his follows a character who deserts his post as a cavalry lieutenant in Nancy. Two lesser-known works are his extensive biography of the composer Rossini and his autobiographical Life of Henry Brulard. His early work On Love proposed a rational analysis of romantic passion, while Memoirs of an Egotist appeared posthumously. His namesake syndrome occurs when one becomes overwhelmed by unfathomable cultural riches. FTP, name this author who wrote about Fabrice Del Dongo and the Battle of Waterloo in The Charterhouse of Parma and about Julian Sorel in The Red and the Black.;;Stendhal|(Marie) (Henri) Beyle
World History;;This man’s best friend spoke of the "blood of the innocent Abel" after this man’s death, an event that occurred upon his return from the "Admirable Congress" and may have been instigated by Agustin Gamarra or Jose Maria Obando. Minor military actions of his include that over Jose de Canterac at the Battle of Junin, and the quelling of a rebellion in the Charcas province. His greatest victory came against Melchor Aymerich and Jose de la Serna, at the battles of Pichincha and Ayacucho respectively. FTP, name this man, the liberator of Ecuador and a lieutenant of Simon Bolivar, who shares his last name with a capital of Bolivia.;;(Antonio) (Jose) (de) Sucre (Alcala)
Math Theory;;It is the product of a Maurer-Cartan frame and its co-frame. This function appears in the orthogonality constraint used in both the Car-Parrinello method and the Chebyshev rational functions. The t’Hooft symbol combines it with the Levi-Civita symbol, and it is a less general form of the Iverson bracket. Its index usually is represented by square brackets, which indicates its use in discrete time applications rather than its similarly named relation. Often used to represent the identity matrix, FTP, name this mathematical function of two variables that is equal to 1 if the two variables are equal and equal to zero otherwise, a certain delta function that is not the Dirac.;;Kronecker delta (function)
Mythology;;In one tradition, she has a hapless son named Mabuz whose territory is raided by Iweret. Sometimes she is seen as a daughter of Dyonas, who married a niece of the Duchess of Burgundy and received half the Forest of Briogne as dowry. Worshipped at the Brocolitia shrine on Hadrian’s Wall, she helped another man triumph over Accolon, who possessed a powerful instrument. Sometimes known as Nimue or Viviane, after the death of Ban she took to caring for Lancelot. FTP, name this mysterious woman who also imprisons her infatuated suitor Merlin and most famously presents Excalibur to King Arthur, named for her residence in a body of water.;;Lady (of) (the) Lake (also) (names) (for) (her) (like) (Nimue,) (Viviane,) (Niniane,) (Nyneve,) (Niamh) (but) (only) (before) (the) (mention) (of) ("Nimue,") (prompt) (after)
British Literature;;This drama’s plot follows two parallel stories, a comic plot written in prose, and a romance plot written in iambic pentameter. The climax of the comic plot comes in Act III’s Grotto Scene, and ends with one character exclaiming, "If their necessities and ours was known / They have more need for two, than we of one…" The confusion at the center of the romance plot began when, many years before, a king usurps the throne of Syracuse and both the wife of the true queen and his own wife Eudoxia flee to a remote location accompanied by Hermogenes. In the end, Doralice and Rodophil as well as Palamede and Melantha get together, and Leonidas takes his rightful place on the throne, forgiving Polydamas for his crimes. FTP, name this 1672 drama by John Dryden that was made into a series of engravings by William Hogarth, about matrimony.;;Marriage A-La-Mode
Geography;;The "Night of the Ducks" was mostly a result of the growing threat of this nation, and "Operation Blue Bat" was the US response to Camille Chamoun’s government possibly allying with it. In one of its governing territories, it set up a "chairman of the executive council, a post held by Nureddin Kuhala. Despite the efforts of Salah al-Din al-Bitar and Michel Aflaq, it fell apart following the coup of Karim an-Nahlawi and the resignation of its vice-president, the Ba’athist Akram al-Hawrani. Briefly combined with Yemen in 1958, FTP, name this political entity led by Gamal Nasser, a brief 1958 to 1961 merging of Egypt and Syria.;;United Arab Republic|U(.)A(.)R(.)
Astronomy;;This body’s only named ridge is Kepler Dorsum and its craters include Roche, Todd, and d’Arrest. It has been photographed by Mariner 9 and its namesake 1988 Russian mission, which actually sent two probes, the first of which was lost. B.P. Sharpless, for whom one of its craters is named, noted that it was spiraling rapidly inward and Iosif Shklovskii provided an explanation for the drag, but concluded this body might be hollow. Its largest crater Stickney is named for the wife of its discoverer, Asaph Hall, who also discovered its smaller companion. Named for a son of Ares and Aphrodite, FTP, name this largest moon of Mars, the partner of Deimos.;;Phobos
United States History;;He didn't learn that the man who raised him was not his father until the age of 15, but didn't blame his step parents for the lapse in communication. He appeared as a model in Look magazine before enlisting in the Navy, in which he worked as an athletic training officer. After the war, he returned home, where his experience overseas along with the urging of Senator Arthur Vandenberg lead him to challenge isolationist Representative Bartel Jonkman, the incumbent Senator from Michigan's 5th Congressional District. He eventually became House Minority Leader, a role from which he was picked to become Spiro Agnew's replacement as Richard Nixon's VP. FTP identify this recently deceased only president to never have been elected in a national election.;;(Gerald) (Rudolph) Ford||L(eslie) (Lynch) King(,) (Jr.)
Religion;;Later in life, this man composed the Trialogus, which features a dialogue between three characters Alithia, Phronesis, and Pseudis. Condemned at the so-called Blackfriars Synod by William Courtenay, he retired to Lutterworth, though his body was later exhumed and his ashes spread along the River Swift. The subject of attack by 18 theses and five bulls of Pope Gregory XI, his large following included his longtime associate Purvey and later men like John Oldcastle. Known as the "morning star of the Reformation," FTP, name this man who denied the validity of transubstantiation and created an English translation of the Bible, and whose followers were known as Lollards.;;(John) Wycliffe
Math Theory;;Its specification follows the Wilkinson-Rogers notation, and by Cochran's theorem, its F statistic for model comparison can be found by the difference in RSS between small and large models divided by the RSS for the large model, the null hypothesis. Prediction using it involves a larger confidence interval by sigma hat square, and the PRESS and studentized residuals are used to detect outliers in it. This model is diagnosed using Cook's distance plot and studentized residuals, and a specification of y = X beta + constant variance Gaussian error for it can be solved for beta using least squares normal equations. FTP, name this modeling procedure found in "weighted," "multiple," and "linear" varieties, which Galton named for genetic reversion.;;regression (modifiers) (like) (linear) (and) (multiple) (before) (they) (are) (mentioned)
British Literature;;The New Yorker noted that, "anyone with pretensions to culture will be able to reply offhand" that it was this man who was unable to push a dead cat over a waterfall. He attempted to start a school in Lichfield, and after that failed he and his pupil David Garrick went to London, the titular subject of his first satire. Garrick later managed a production of his only dramatic work, a tragedy about the love of Mehmet II for a Christian slave, which proved unpopular. More famous is his novella about characters like Nekayah, Imlac, and a titular prince, and his bi-weekly essay series proved unpopular at first, but when collected into book form, The Rambler, did quite well. FTP, name this "Great Cham of Literature", an English author of Lives of the Poets and a Dictionary of the English Language.;;(Samuel) Johnson
Art;;One of the central figures in this work speaks into the right ear of a bearded man wearing a blue jacket and a red cape, while that man holds one finger near to his mouth and focuses his attention on a third figure who bears a white cloth over her left thigh and averts her head from him, holding one hand near her neck and the other extended away from her body. At the age of 17 the artist completed this piece, which has also been depicted by Guido Reni and Van Dyck, and was no doubt influenced by sexual mistreatment at the hands of Agostino Tassi. Also the title of a Rembrandt painting, FTP, name this Gentileschi work depicting an episode from the Bible in which two old judges prey upon a virtuous Jewess.;;Susanna (and) (the) Elders (and) (variants) (with) (those) (words)
Geography;;One tributary of this river, which flows through the towns of Burley and Payette, is the Owyhee River which bends back south. Another of its tributaries rises in the Sawtooth Mountains and flows north near Borah Peak through the Bitterfoot Mountains, at one point referred to as the River of No Return. That tributary is the Salmon River, but this river is itself the main tributary of another that it meets near Pasco, long after it passes over the Shoshone Falls. Flowing through Grand Teton National Park after originating in southern Yellowstone, FTP, name this river that spends a lot of time in Idaho and then joins the Columbia, and which contains a famous canyon.;;Snake (River)
World History;;One minor ruler of this empire, Abubakari II, launched two mysterious expeditions. After conflict between Ouati and Khalifa, a freed slave came to power named Sakura, who likely expanded its boundaries to Tekrur. It contained the semi-autonomous kingdom of Mema and its fourteen provinces included the rebellious Dyolof and Diara. Its founder proclaimed the Kouroukan Fouga and established the G’bara assembly, after emerging victorious at the Battle of Kirina over Sumanguru Kante of Soso, establishing the imperial capital at Niani. Another of its rulers set out on a well-recounted hajj to Mecca. Founded by Sundiata and ruled at its height by Mansa Musa, FTP, name this medieval African empire which included Timbuktu.;;Mali (Empire)
Chemistry;;One example of these is the Franklin-Marshall solvent system hypothesis. One is named after Gilles Klopman and Ralph Pearson, and rebuts the presumptions of Fajans Rules. One of them is named after Usanovich, and is helpful because it extends beyond co-ordination reactions. The Lux-Flood one depends upon oxides, and the above Pearson one is known as the hard-soft principle. The Bronsted-Lowry one depends on acceptance of protons, the Lewis one on electron pairs, and the Arrhenius one simply on the presence of H+ and OH- ions. FTP, these are all what type of theories, which provide ways to determine if the pH of a compound is above seven or below seven.;;acid-base (theories) (just) (about) (anything) (close) (mentioning) (acidity/basicity)
British Literature;;The title character falls in love with a woman after watching her play Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, but this woman never learns his real name, addressing him only as Prince Charming. Following a visit to an opium den, the suicide of Alan Campbell is revealed, and at the novel’s end, the title character is identified only by his distinct jewelry. James Vane vows to avenge his sister’s death but instead dies in a hunting accident, while another character’s death goes unnoticed because he is killed immediately before he was supposed to go to Paris. FTP, name this story of Lord Henry Wotton, the actress Sibyl Vane, and the painter Basil Hallward, who creates the titular artwork that grows old and ugly while its subject remains young.;;(The) Picture of Dorian Gray
Mythology;;Hymns to this god sometimes include invocations to lesser gods that he was associated with, like Cinteotl and Xochipilli. The lesser-known relations of this deity include his second wife Matal-cueye and his older sister Huixto-ci-huatl. Also known as Ah Hoya and Ah Tzenul, one of his analogues was the deity Cosijo. He fathered the lunar deity Tecciz-tecatl, and after Tezcatlipoca stole his first wife, he turned to his main consort, the jade-skirted one, Chal-chi-huitl-cue. The ruler over the third of five worlds, children were often sacrificed to him and he was believed responsible for diseases like dropsy and rheumatism. FTP, name this Aztec god of fertility and rain.;;Tlaloc
Music;;Drummer Zutty Singleton called him a railroad man, and he toured with the Number One Benbow circuit after his grandma Mimi Pechet turned him out "cuz he shouldn't' be around his sisters". Composer of Muddy Water Blues and Grandpa's Spells, he’s described as "tall and chancy, lady's fancy, and red-hot stuff" in his namesake blues tune. Alan Lomax got him to record 12 LPs for the Library of Congress late in his career, mainly because he claimed to invent the music in Storyville whorehouses. FTP, name this pianist of Wolverine Blues, King Porter, and The Pearls, the first man to write down jazz music, whose nickname comes from an erotic motion and not an edible treat, "Jelly Roll".;;(Jelly) (Roll) Morton||(Ferdinand) (Joseph) La Menthe
Anthropology;;He helped to defeat degenerationism by showing that high cultures in many cases originated as low cultures, defining culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society". He visited Mexico with Henry Christy, and his time in that nation led to his work Anahuac, or Mexico and the Mexicans. That was followed by Researches into the Early History of Mankind, which helped build his reputation in the field. Yet he’s better known for researching the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom is his magnum opus. FTP, name this British anthropologist, author of Primitive Culture.;;(Edward) Tylor
Geography;;This city was robbed of victory when its ships confusedly retreated at the Battle of Sybota. It was ruled for a time by Periander, who constructed a stone trackway and cemented an alliance with Thrasybulus, ending an enmity that went back to the Lelantine War. It founded the dutiful colony of Potidaea, which it sent annual magistrates to, and a war named after this polis was fought from 395-387 B.C., featuring a notable 390 battle at its port of Lechaeum. Ruled by the harsh tyrant Cypselus, it also founded the rebellious colony of Corcyra as well as Syracuse. FTP, name this city-state bordered by the Saronic Gulf and its namesake gulf, located on an isthmus.;;Corinth
Biology;;According to the Surani hypothesis, this process is unlikely to occur in certain circumstances. Different forms of it include thelytoky, deuterotoky, and arrhenotoky, while its botanical analogue is apomixis. Mockford made breakthrough studies of the automictic and apomictic types of it in psocids. Some whiptails and geckos are also studied for their use of it, while aphids notably perform it during the summer. FTP, give this term for the growth of an organism from an unfertilized gamete, a type of asexual reproduction from the Greek for "virgin birth".;;parthenogenesis (prompt) (on) (asexual) (reproduction)
American Literature;;The epilogue begins with a game of checkers, after which Yogarindra, Loki, and Beelzebub appear. This work was influenced by Farmington, a 1904 novel written by the author's law partner, Clarence Darrow. Sexsmith the Dentist notes that, "a moral truth is a hollow truth\ which must be propped with gold," while Benjamin Fraser is the illegitimate child of Benjamin Pantier. Knowlt Hoheimer asks the meaning of the words, "Pro Partria". The main plot concerns the battle between the liberal party of Jefferson Howard and John Cabanis and the corrupt conservatism of Mayor A.D. Blood and the banker Thomas Rhodes. FTP, name this work consisting of epitaphs of the citizens of an Illinois town, the masterpiece of Edgar Lee Masters.;;Spoon River Anthology
Art;;A speech analyzing this work is appended to the 1972 publication From the Journal of a Snail. The artist produced a less famous work entitled "The Knight" with the same materials a year before completing this work. The small figure at center rests his left foot near a piece of rope and looks straight down, while the man next to him gazes off to the left with a wreath on his head. Three nails lie on the ground at bottom-right next to a saw and a plane. The rainbow in the background as well as the crucible, a magic square of the fourth order, the seven-runged ladder, a large polyhedron, and the graduated scales are all symbols of alchemy. FTP, name this 1514 copper engraving by Albrecht Durer about the saddest of the four temperaments.;;Melancholia (I)
Philosophy;;An influential commentary on this work was authored by Joseph Catalano in 1974. This work posits a gap between motives and actions, which are given an inertia in a futile attempt to explain the interpenetration of time. The author conceives of even the identity principle as synthetic, and defines irony in terms of denial and affirmation. More to the point is the distinction between the "ideal" cynical lie, the common lie, and the simple mistake or falsehood, and their respective transcendent natures. Arguing that "existence precedes essence," it is subtitled as "An Essay in Phenomenological Ontology" and contains a lengthy discussion of "bad faith". FTP, name this classic of existentialism published in 1943 by Jean-Paul Sartre.;;Being and Nothingness
United States History;;This man’s enemies made much of the fact that he appeared friendly with German spy Bolo Pacha, and he was the target of attacks for campaign contributions by Boies Penrose. He backed Thomas Hisgen as a candidate when he organized the Independence League, after having himself lost to Charles Evans Hughes running for governor. Married longtime to chorus girl Millicent Wilson and known for his affair with Marion Davies, his domestic life is perhaps most associated with architect Julia Morgan, who constructed his lavish estate at San Simeon. FTP, name this owner of the New York Morning and Evening Journals and editor of the San Francisco Examiner, a promoter of yellow journalism.;;(William) (Randolph) Hearst
Physics;;A lesser-known equation put forth by this scientist relates magnetic alteration to the square of wire length. He built on work of Heinrich Geissler in developing a mercury displacement pump, while some of his more famous achievements were discovered concurrently with Julius Robert von Mayer. His most well-known equation relates a quantity to the electrical current squared multiplied by electrical resistance and time, and his name provides an alternate title for the Brayton Cycle. Known for a paddle-wheel experiment and a collaboration that examined the throttling process and resultant cooling effect with Thomson, FTP, name this English physicist who gives his name to the SI unit of work.;;(James) (Prescott) Joule
World Literature;;This author’s adaptation of Orestes begins with the title character pushing a matchbox off his knee. Gladys goes mad over suspecting her husband of sending Steve to Jail in A Lesson from Aloes.  In his only novel, the title gangster steals a BMW only to find a baby in the back, whom he then forces Miriam to breastfeed.  Elsa Barlow and Marius Byleveld help the sculptor Miss Helen cope with a spiritual crisis in The Road to Mecca, while an old man’s corpse is beaten post-mortem by one of the titular "coloreds" in Boesman and Lena. The difference in color between Zachariah and Morris dominates his The Blood Knot, but better known is his play set in St. George’s Park Tea Room about the class differences between Willie and Sam and their employer, Hally. FTP, name this South African author of Master Harold and the Boys.;;(Athol) Fugard
United States History;;The house of Commons refused to see petitions against this act, because they were written by an unauthorized body, and John Dickinson's Declaration of Rights and Grievances was ignored. Attacks on Andrew Oliver by the Loyal Nine and threats against public officials prompted English merchants to urge for its repeal, which came after an argument by Benjamin Franklin. Parliament refused to repeal it unless the Declaratory act was passed to reaffirm its authority in the colonies, and George Grenville's tax precipitated its namesake congress. FTP, name this act protested against by the Sons of Liberty, a 1765 tax on contracts, licenses, and newspapers.;;Stamp (act)
United States History;;This man’s little-read books include Letters to My Unborn Grandchildren and Me and My Kind, and a recent study on his best known achievement was written by William Doyle. He served as a special assistant under Jesse Helms, but is best known for being a thorn in the side of Ross Barnett. After that, this man organized the "March Against Fear" and was promptly shot, though that march would be symbolically continued by men like Floyd McKissick and Stokely Carmichael. FTP, name this guy who, upon order of the Supreme Court, was forcibly enrolled as the first black student at the University of Mississippi.;;(James) Meredith
European Literature;;Early in his life he contributed to the periodical Bremer Beitrage, and made the acquaintance of Jakob Bodmer, who invited him to live in Zurich. His first wife Margareta Moller assumes the name "Cidli" in his poetry, and his dramatic works include The Death of Adams and Salomo, both based on the Old Testament. At a key moment in The Sorrows of Young Werther, Lotte lays her hand on Werther’s and utters this poet’s name, referencing his 1747 ode "To My Friend," later rewritten in 1767 as "Wingolf". FTP, name this 18th century German poet of the Christian epic "The Messiah," whose "Resurrection Ode" inspired Mahler’s Symphony No. 2 of the same name.;;(Friedrich) (Gottlieb) Klopstock
Physics;;An equation for this quantity can by derived from the Barker-Henderson perturbation model. Relating the first derivative of it to the deformation gradient gives the Piola-Kirchoff stress, while the Gibbs-Bogoliubov Inequality relates it to the expectation value of the Hamiltonian. Its average per particle is reduced proportional to density when the attractive force is added to the van der Waals equation. The partial derivative of this quantity with respect to particle number is the chemical potential, when under constant temperature and volume. Equal to the internal energy minus temperature times entropy, or U-TS, FTP, name this quantity which can be denoted A or F, a type of free energy that isn’t Gibbs.;;Helmholtz free energy
Anthropology;;The 2000 book The Tacit Mode provides an examination of this work, and in addition to the economics-based investigations of Michael Polanyi, Marilyn Strathern further stressed the importance of gender roles in this book. James Laidlaw analyzed this work against the framework of four criteria outlined by Jacques Derrida, and Testart argued that the author overstated his claims regarding obligations. Published in translations by W.D. Halls and Ian Cunnison, Maurice Leenhardt coined the term "total social prestation" in describing it, and terms relevant to its titular subject include vega, yotile, and kudu. Perhaps the most famous discussions in this work are those of the Maori Hau and the potlatch system. FTP, name this anthropological study of reciprocity and systems of exchange, the most famous work of Marcel Mauss.;;(The) Gift (essai) (sur) (le) (don)
Music;;A work about the tonality of this opera was written by Martin Chusid, who produced a recent critical edition of it. A solo cello and English horn back the lead character in Act II, which is soon thereafter ended by the cabaletta "Si, vendetta, tremenda vendetta". Earlier, the aria "Pari siamo" points out similarities between two characters. A declaration of love in 3/8 Andante precedes an appearance by the courtier Borsa and one character’s declaration that he is the poor student Gualtier Maldé. Other male parts include the court usher, the knight Marullo, the Count Ceprano, and the hired assassin Sparafucile. With a libretto by Francesco Piave, FTP, name this 1851 opera based on the play Le Roi S’amuse, which features the Duke of Mantua and the aria "La donna e mobile" as well as the title court jester.;;Rigoletto
European History;;Much of what we know of this man’s life comes from the biographies of Hugh Egerton and the classic text of Demetrius Charles Boulger, although this man’s wife Olivia Fancourt also produced a valuable memoir just after his death. He was accompanied in his most famous exploit by William Farquhar, whom he perhaps purposely deprived of credit, and men under his command included Philip Jackson who built a namesake bridge. He was the founder and first president of the London Zoo, reflecting a lifelong interest in collecting wildlife, and his taste for history was evident in his writing a History of Java and leading a mission to restore Borobodur. He concocted a namesake plan separating inhabitants by ethnicity for the trading post he founded in 1819. FTP, name this British imperialist best known for founding Singapore.;;(Sir) (Thomas) (Stamford) Raffles
American Literature;;The protagonist spots a sightseer perched on top of a floating idol during an earthquake one night and is reminded of his dead wife Minna, and a man named Schwartz writes him a letter early in the novel immediately before killing himself. That protagonist aids the cameraman Pete Zavras after an attempted suicide by providing a note from an oculist, and he easily diffuses a later situation involving George Boxley. The young female narrator likely tells the story from a tuberculosis sanatorium, and the novel begins as she meets Wylie White, a screenwriter working with her father Pat Brady, the protagonist’s partner. FTP, name this work about Kathleen Moore’s affair with Monroe Stahr, an unfinished novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald with a name reminiscent of a rich businessman.;;(The) (Love) (of) (the) Last Tycoon
Mythology;;Some confusion exists as to this man’s parents: some say they were Antion and Perimele, while others say his father was a man killed by his brothers Lycus and Nycteus. This guy had a daughter named Phisadie, who was given as a slave to Helen, and his sister may have been the Coronis loved by Apollo, assuming that his dad was indeed Phlegyas. Most agree though that he tricked Eioneus by making him fall in a pit of fire, shortly after marrying that man’s daughter Dia. Afterwards, only Zeus would purify this guy but he ungratefully attempted to copulate Nephele, a cloud made to look like Hera, and by this act fathered the Centaurs. FTP, name this man finally punished when he was bound to a fiery wheel in hell for eternity.;;Ixion
Biology;;The notes for this experiment cite the recent work of Putnam and Kozloff, and mention results obtained from electron micrographs by Thomas Foxen Anderson. A companion experiment was performed years later by Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer, and it came in the wake of work done by Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod, and Oswald Avery. The radioactive sulfur used remained in the supernatant, minus some residual tail fibers, while the pellet contained the phosphorus-tagged portion of T2 and was not confined to the capsid. Performed with E. coli and that T2 phage, FTP, name this experiment which revealed that DNA was the genetic code material, performed using a certain kitchen appliance.;;Hershey-Chase (Experiment)|(the) blender (experiment)
Philosophy;;At one point, this work asks which man is more capable, one who is able to walk on his feet or one who tries to walk with his hands. Using the example of a lowly community of mice, it examines the pursuit of power in book two, and then the pursuit of fame, describing both as temporary and worthless. Its opening sees the approach of a magnificent woman who sits on the couch, replacing the "maimed Muses" previously there. She is recognized as the former "nurse" of the main character, who then laments to her about "Fortune’s fickle bounty" and how he defended Albinus and thereby incurred the wrath of Cyprian, who was reportedly the "Count of the Sacred Largesses and Master of Offices". Written while in prison under order of Theodoric the Great, FTP, name this work of the early 6th century CE by Boethius.;;(The) Consolation of Philosophy
European History;;The final one of these conflicts saw a revolt under the pretender Andriscus who reunited the four republics and was briefly successful against Publius Iuventius Thalna. Shortly after, a revolt of Critolaus had to be quashed. One of them began after a supposed assassination attempt on King Eumenes II, who had succeeded Attalus I, and that conflict would see King Genthius ally with the losers, who were crushed at the Battle of Pydna. The second one featured a clash at the Battle of Cynoscephalae, a resounding victory for T. Quinctius Flaminius over Philip V. FTP, this describes what series of four wars from about 215 to 34 BC named for the territory ruled by a bunch of Philips, like the father of Alexander the Great.;;Macedon(ian) (Wars)
American Literature;;The author of this poem called it "a piece of deliberate degeneration, which is not at all funny". The third stanza addresses flames upon a forehead and suggests that there is a way "that faith may never miss". The second stanza claims that "the dark will end the dark, if anything," and also notes that, "god slays himself with every leaf that flies" and "hell is more than half of paradise". Imagery of crimson vines and leaves growing on a wall is repeated multiple times, as are the lines "out of a grave I come," and "there is not a dawn in eastern skies". FTP, name this Edward Arlington Robinson poem whose title character seeks his departed love and is instructed to "go to the western gate".;;Luke Havergal
Math Theory;;The fact that a series converges if and only if the partial sum from n to m vanishes as n and m go to infinity is known as his criterion for series, and he shares credit with Hadamard for a formula which states that the radius of convergence of a power series is the reciprocal of the limsup of the k-th root of the k-th coefficient. His estimate relating the maximum of an analytic function on a circle to the value of the derivative at the center provides an easy proof of Liouville's theorem, but his most important theorem in complex analysis states that if a function is analytic on a domain, the line integral over the boundary vanishes. FTP, name this mathematician who also formalized calculus with his "epsilon-delta" definition of limits.;;(Augustin) (Louis) Cauchy
Art;;This painting shows the recent influence of its artists’ teacher Léon Bonnat, who echoed Zola in calling this work a "beacon of beautiful truth". The new designs of Baron Haussman are everywhere in this work, painted two years after its artist’s other often-cited piece The Floor Strippers. Two bourgeoisie figures walk directly toward the viewer in the right foreground, a man with his right hand tucked in his suit pocket and a woman with her right arm interlocking his. The triangular building in the back left center practically bisects this geometric canvas from the sky to the cobblestones. FTP, name this nominally Impressionist painting displayed in the Art Institute of Chicago, the best-known work of Gustave Caillebote, which features a bunch of blue umbrellas indicating the weather in the title city.;;Paris Street, Rain(y) (Day)|(Rainy) (Day) (in) (Paris)|(almost) (any) (combination) (of) (words) (including) (rain) (and) (Paris)
Geography;;This city is home to such tourist attractions as Bribie Island, Fortitude Valley, the Parliament House on George Street, and the Old Windmill in Wickham Park. Its surrounding cities include Cleveland, Ipswich, Springwood, and farther south the sizeable city of Gold Coast, though it originated from a prisoner’s colony at Redcliffe. It sits on its namesake river between Moreton Bay to the north and the Great Dividing Range to the south. FTP, name this capital of Queensland and the third largest city in Australia, significantly behind Sydney and Melbourne.;;Brisbane
British Literature;;The prologue to a famous work by this man mentions a notable night of indigestion and claims that, "I have scarce set foot in your dominions". The only work he published prior to the one for which he is best known was entitled A Political Romance, and in the last years of his life he courted a woman named Eliza who became the subject of his love letter Journal to Eliza. Malcolm Bradbury detailed the interment of this man’s skull in his novel To The Hermitage, and his work A Fragment in the Manner of Rabelais appeared posthumously. An author who created the character of Parson Yorick, FTP, name this 18th century Englishman who wrote A Sentimental Journey and The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman.;;(Lawrence) Sterne
United States History;;Its participants met at George Mann’s Tavern and resided there for its duration. It was preceded by a small meeting two years earlier at the same location, which concerned a navigational dispute, and by the signing of the Mount Vernon Compact one year earlier. Some colorful participants included Saint George Tucker and Tench Coxe, the lone representative from Pennsylvania, but it was Abraham Clark of New Jersey who suggested the key resolution for a subsequent meeting. Called by the Virginia legislature driven by Madison and involving delegates from five states, FTP, name this September 1786 convention which led directly to the Constitutional Convention, named for the capital of Maryland.;;Annapolis (Convention)
Economics;;This man wrote an article entitled "When Should History be Written Backwards?," which he prefaced with a quote from Balzac’s Cousin Pons. Together with John Hicks, he gives his name to a theorem that permits aggregation of sets of goods that have identical price movements, also known as the composite commodity theorem. Twice he collaborated with Faye Duchin late in life, including a work on Military Spending, and also wrote The Future of the World Economy. He observed that the U.S. is less capital-intensive in exports than imports despite having an abundance of capital, a result known as his paradox, which presented difficulties for the Heckscher-Ohlin model. Still, he remains most famous for a grid that details distribution of production across different sectors of a given economy. FTP, name this Nobel-winning Russian economist who developed input-output analysis.;;(Wassily) Leontief
Physics;;These particles are capable of so-called "Lollipop" events or "Double Bang" events connected by their tracks, and this fact can be used to measure flavor ratios of high-energy neutrinos. One subject of interest surrounding them is their apparent limit to 7-prong decay; they do decay through the emission of a virtual minus W boson and their namesake neutrino. Their discovery implied the existence of the similar bottom and top quarks, and occurred after work done at the SPEAR and DORIS data rings by Martin Perl in 1975. Much more massive than electrons or muons, FTP, name these third-generation leptons named for a later letter of the Greek alphabet.;;tau (leptons)|tauon(s)
European Literature;;When the superintendent who has gout informs the protagonist of this novel that the letter from the chief Klamm is inconsequential, he decides to take the job of school janitor, but soon runs away from the two Arthurs, one of whom is actually Jeremiah, to the home of Barnabas the messenger, whose sister Amalia had refused a suitor from the titular location, causing the village to turn against her and Olga.  Jeremiah takes the barmaid Frieda away from the hero, a land surveyor reporting to duty. In the intended conclusion, K. was to receive--on his deathbed--entrance to the titular structure in possession of Count West-west. FTP, name this novel by Franz Kafka about that grand structure.;;(Der) Schloss||(The) Castle
Biology;;The production of this compound was described by Yang and Hoffman in 1980, years after Dmitry Neljubow first identified its relevant function. Its biosynthesis is commonly inhibited by AVG and AOA, as well as cobalt chloride and NBD which inhibit its action. That synthesis occurs by a series of three steps, including the second rate-limiting step which forms the cyclic compound ACC catalyzed by the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate. It generates what is known as the triple response as displayed in Arabidopsis, and this compound, which is biologically formed from L-methionine, can be chemically added to benzene to produce styrene. Shown to be enhanced by auxin, FTP, name this gaseous plant hormone which promotes fruit ripening.;;ethylene
United States History;;This battle saw the Finch run aground on Crab Island, where it was bombarded by a land cannon manned by people who had stormed out of the hospital on that island. The victors suffered the death of first lieutenant Peter Gamble, while the losers saw the capture of Daniel Pring, the captain of the Linnet, and boasted a massive gunboat dubbed the Confiance, commanded by George Downie. The battle was decisively won when the schooner Saratoga wound ship commanded by Thomas Macdonough, and thereby foiled the invasion of New York by George Prevost. Also known as the Battle of Plattsburgh, FTP, name this American naval victory in the War of 1812, fought in 1814, and named for a body of water briefly known as the "sixth Great Lake".;;(Battle) (of) Lake Champlain|(Battle) (of) (Plattsburgh) (before) (mentioned)
World Literature;;This poet writes that he cultivates neither nettles nor thorns for the cruel person who "tears out the heart with which I live" in a poem about a white rose, and in a poem about death he asks not to be put in the dark to die like a traitor. A recently published collection of his poems is entitled "Come, Come My Boiling Blood," and he is also known for Adultery and Rosa’s Little Shoes, a book illustrated by Lulu Delacre. The author of the children’s book The Golden Age, Joseito Fernandez made famous the popular song Guantanamera based on a poem by this author of the 1891 essay "Our America". The author of Ismaelillo, FTP, name this dominant figure in Cuba’s struggle for independence, best known for his Versos Libres.;;(Jose) Marti
Philosophy;;Book II of this work begins with a reference to Valerius Maximus, and goes on to praise the Abbe de Condillac and Cato in its discussion of maturity and the philosophical spirit. In the preface, the author describes the work as being too large for what it contains but too small for the matter with which it deals. A certain "pedantic mania" annoys that author, who later suggests that Robinson Crusoe is superior to Aristotle, and that "shuttle-cock is a game for women". He says that John Locke is wise but questions his idea on liberality, and dedicates the fifth and final book almost entirely to the considerations of Sophie, drawing criticisms of misogyny from Mary Wollstonecraft and like-minded feminists. FTP, name this "treatise on education" written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.;;Emile (Treatise) (on) (Education)|("L’education")
Music;;This composer’s vocal works include a "Korean Partisan Song" and a "Firemen’s Song". His earliest regularly encountered piece is a Piano Concerto in D-flat major featuring an instrument called the flexitone, and his patriotic second symphony in E minor, sometimes called the "Bell Symphony," remains the most noted of his three symphonies. His diverse inspirations include music for Lope’s comedy "The Valencian Widow" and his Masquerade Suite on a drama by Lermontov. But, this composer of Happiness is more famous for pieces which include the "Dance of the Pirates," the "Dance of the Rose Maidens," and "Lezhginka". FTP, name this composer of the ballets Spartacus and Gayane, which contains the famous "Sabre Dance," a man born in Armenia.;;(Aram) Khachaturian (Khatchaturian)
Math Theory;;It obeys Gauss's multiplication formula, which reduces to Legendre's relation for the case p equals two, and it was named by the latter man. Euler's first and second integrals relate to this, and it satisfies that man's eponymous reflection formula, which states that its values at x and one minus x multiply to give pi over sine of pi times x. Its value at one-half is, remarkably, the square root of pi, and it is approximated by Stirling's formula for large x. It is also the unique function passing through the point 1,1 that is log-convex for all positive x and satisfies f of x equals x times f of x plus one. FTP, name this ubiquitous function in mathematics which generalizes the factorial to all reals.;;Gamma (Function)
Economics;;The Baker cube is a useful tool in this field of study, which has given rise to problems like Gorman intransitivity and the so-called Scitovsky Reversal Paradox. Scitovsky introduced a double criteria to account for that paradox in this field, described by its namesake Bergson-Samuelson Functions. The first fundamental theorem of it holds that price-taking trade will always result in a point on the contract curve, while the second theorem says that any point on the contract curve can be reached by competitive trading from some given initial allocation. The LSE approach to the new form of it was spearheaded by Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks. FTP, name this field most notably studied by Amartya Sen, earning him his Nobel, a branch of microeconomics that deals with human behavior and the allocation of resources to promote the namesake social goal.;;Welfare (Economics) (prompt) (economics) (of) (course)
World History;;The appellation "Father of the Fathers" was bestowed upon St. Gregory of Nyssa at this meeting, which produced 22 canons. It was tacitly approved by Pope Hadrian I, who sent two legates, including the abbot of St. Sabas. Conducted largely by Tarasius, seven of its eights sessions were held at the namesake site, but the final one returned to Magnaura palace where it could be attended by the Empress Irene, who had initiated it in order to rebuke the policies of Leo III and Constantine V, namely those supporting iconoclasm. Held in 787 B.C., FTP, name this council, which was the second to be held at its site, the first of which was described by Eusebius and featured Constantine the Great declaring his adherence to Christianity.;;Second (Council) (of) Nicaea
British Literature;;One character in this book becomes upset when her husband offers Selmes his horse, but another character often referred to as "the Girl" is charmed by that act. Maisie Maiden is described as submissive, while Uncle John gives oranges to people across the globe and characters named Mrs. Basil and La Dolciquita also play key roles in the novel. A man named Rufford is the father of Nancy, who sacrifices herself for the protagonist. Rodney Bayham becomes the second husband of Leonora, and the narrator John Dowell begins the work by claiming it is the "saddest story he ever heard," probably because his wife Florence had an affair with the title character. FTP, name this novel in which Edward Ashburnham kills himself with a pen-knife, a work by Ford Madox Ford about the titular military man.;;(The) Good Soldier
Art;;One work by this artist depicts a grieving Achilles and his mother, seemingly unaware of large waves threatening to drown them. His etchings were influenced by Callot and often depicted figures gathered around lone tombs, while his first large-scale altarpiece depicts the Education of the Virgin. Later religious-themed works include his Martyrdom of Agatha and Virgin Appearing to Simon Stock, but this student of Lazzarini and Piazzetta is better remembered for works like Allegory of the Planets and Continents and The Apotheosis of Spain. His best known exploit included depicting The Wedding of Frederick Barbarossa at a building designed by Balthasar Neumann in the Rococo style. A rival of Anton Mengs, FTP, name this Venetian painter of the grand manner, best known for decorating the New Residenz Palace at Wurzburg.;;(Giambattista) Tiepolo|(Giovanni) (Battista) (Tiepolo)
Geography;;Towns on the banks of this body of water include Nguigmi and Bol, from which an archipelago extends. This body contains the territorially disputed Darak Island and the Kofia Islands. Fed principally by the Logone River and most importantly the Shari River, the expedition of Hugh Clapperton became the first European one to see this body of water. It dispatched Dixon Denham to study the area surrounding it, especially those areas which had seen the rise of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, for which it served as a geographic center. FTP, name this lake which has shrunk to less than one-tenth its size in the 1960s and situated squarely at the junction of Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, and its namesake African country.;;(Lake) Chad
Physics;;With Inglis, this scientist gives his name to a limit that applies to the Lyman and Balmer series in laser-produced plasmas. His name joins Renner in an effect dealing with splitting in molecular vibrational levels. He formulated a namesake theory used to calculate surface areas of solids through the adsorption of gas molecules, along with Brunauer and Emmett. Along with Gamow, his name may describe certain beta decays and the resulting strength distribution in nuclei. More famously, this man observed the distortion in the axes of symmetric ions in order to remove less stable degenerate states, an effect named for him and Jahn YON. FTP, name this guy also known as the "father of the hydrogen bomb".;;(Edward) Teller
World History;;One source on this event is a biography written by Edward Cook of F.E. Garrett, who was shown a proclamation on it by Hercules Robinson. Others involved included the strategist Abe Bailey and a commander Raleigh Grey. In its wake, the interim judge Reinhold Gregorowski, recently called in, sentenced the leaders of the Reform Committee to death. The correspondence of American John Hays Hammond includes a piece offering the "truth" about this event. A wooden cross was erected to commemorate the surrender at Doornkop, though a more famous memorial would be a telegram from Kaiser Wilhelm II. An effort by a cohort of Cecil Rhodes to capture the gold-rich Transvaal, FTP, name this abortive 1895 South African raid.;;Jameson Raid
World Literature;;A rousing rendition of the song "This Life is Weary" is interrupted by a discussion of flags in this story, which features two children named Meg and Hans and a cook named Sadie. The character Jose is called "the butterfly" because of her elaborate dress, and Kitty Maitland advises Mrs. Sheridan on how to arrange a band. The plot climaxes when Godber’s man announces that a neighbor named Scott has been thrown from his horse and killed, a revelation which prompts the protagonist to become upset and suggest that the title event be canceled. Oddly enough, when little Laura treks off to the neighbor’s to pay respects, she decides that the man’s dead body is beautiful. FTP, name this short story by Katherine Mansfield, which shares its name with a play by Vaclav Havel.;;(The) Garden Party
Sociology;;This man argued that organic theories of social evolution like those of Karl Marx should be integrated into a larger encompassing model and his works on pure, applied, and empirical forms of sociology were compiled and published in 1971 by the University of Chicago Press. He published many manuscripts of Thomas Hobbes, and while differentiating between essential and arbitrary forms of will, he regarded the will as superior to intellect and emotion and coined the term "voluntarism," later used extensively by Wilhelm Wundt. FTP, name this sociologist best known for distinguishing between the community ties that center on family kinship and the trend toward individualism and selfishness present in larger society, in his epic Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft.;;(Ferdinand) Tonnies
Mythology;;This deity, whose epithets include Dumasta and Areyasti, is invoked in a hymn that calls her "she who delights in the clangor of castanets and drums, roar of flutes, and clamoring of wolves and bright-eyed lions". One story holds that her genitals gave rise to an almond tree, from which an almond was set upon the breast of the daughter of the river god Sangario, and another story says that she married Gordius and gave birth to Midas. Worshipped at Pessinus, her self-emasculated devotees became known as the Galli, and her consort was Attis. FTP, name this deity, originally a Phrygian goddess in Asia Minor who took on the persona of the Great Mother, given a Greco-Roman name cognate to her epithet Kubileya.;;Cybele (take) (Kubebe/Kybebe/Kubileya) (before) (Kubileya,) (prompt) (Great) (Mother) (goddess)|(equivalents)|(Rhea) (before) (almond)
Chemistry;;This reaction is the second step in a Dakin Reaction, and it is analogous in mechanism to a Beckmann rearrangement which deals with amides. It has given rise to namesake mono-oxygenases which are flavoenzymes capable of catalyzing these regioselective reactions. Often catalyzed by boron trifluoride, MCPBA is sometimes used as the peroxyacid, or hydrogen peroxide is used, and either way that peracid reacts with a ketone to form the corresponding ester or with an aldehyde to form a carboxylic acid. In effect used to insert an oxygen into a ketone making it an ester, FTP, name this type of oxidation, named for a famous German chemist Adolf and his student.;;Baeyer-Villiger (Reaction/Oxidation)
Geography;;This kingdom was established when Anawrahta captured the city of Thaton, and its final classical ruler was the "devout forest king" Nara-thi-hapate. Its capital then moved outward to Ava and then the coastal city of Pegu, which saw the succession of a number of Toungoo Dynasties. Early on, though, it expanded by capturing the territory of the Mons in the south, and was known as the Pagan kingdom, though that empire would decline concurrently with Srivijaya and the others. Its important 20th century figures have included the demented monk Saya San who set himself up as a false king and Ne Win who led the "Way to Socialism". FTP, name this country whose leaders have also included Aung San and his daughter Aung San Suu Kyi.;;Burma|Myanmar|Pagan (kingdom) (before) (mentioned)
British Literature;;In the last stanza of this poem, the author speaks of that which "hath kept watch over man’s mortality," and cautions, "forebode not any severing of our loves". The 1807 version of this poem had an epigraph quoting Virgil’s Eclogues, but all future versions include an epigraph commenting that "the child is the father to the man," a line taken from the author’s poem, "My Heart Leaps Up". Focusing on the radiance of youth, it elucidates the author’s theory that "our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting," while later years bring "the philosophic mind". The titular concept is explored in the line calling it "the fountain light of all our day". With a line which declares that "heaven lies about us in our infancy," FTP, name this poetic work by William Wordsworth, an ode about eternal memories.;;Ode: Intimations of Immortality (from) (Recollections) (of) (Early) (Childhood)
British Literature;;This author writes of "tales of dirt and danger, fondly thrilled" in a poem about a titular group who knit socks and worship decorations. He writes about the "june of blossom that shines above" in a work about "one shattering aim". In addition to poems like "The Glory of Women" and "Because We are Going" in collections like Common Chords and The Road to Ruin, he delved into prose with works like The Old Century and Sherston’s Progress. One of his first successes was the parody The Daffodil Murderer, but he is better known for his Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man and Counter-Attack and Other Poems, and for his time at Craiglockhart sanatorium in Scotland where he met Wilfred Owen. FTP, name this "forgotten hero" poet of WWI, author of the autobiographical Siegfried’s Journey.;;(Siegfried) Sassoon
Earth Science;;Jeroen Tromp is best known for his recent work implying a heterogeneous cylindrical anisotropy model for this, though Creager has pointed to a substantial asymmetry in that model between the eastern and western hemispheres, especially in the first few hundred kilometers of this area. Song and Richards made the initial breakthrough studies on its super-rotation at the Alaskan COL station, and its bulk attenuation is the subject of some dispute. First proposed theoretically in 1936 by Inge Lehmann, who initially gave her name to its discontinuity, the incongruent freezing of this area and expulsion of impurities is likely responsible for powering the geodynamo. Composed of solid metal like nickel and iron, FTP, name this deepest distinct layer of the Earth.;;inner core (prompt) (core,) (of) (course)
World History;;In describing this battle, Plutarch writes of a bad omen that the losing commander tripped while coming out the door of his tent, and says only Thorax of Larissa remained by his body after he died. The historian Hieronymus of Cardia was at this battle, and his work survives through the writings of Diodorus. In its wake, the Battle of Corupedium pitted two of the victors against each other. Its participants included Cassander, who received help from Lysimachus of Thrace, after the initial attack which saw 75 elephants under the command of Demetrius who was controlling the armies of his father Antigonus the One-Eyed. Fought by Antigonus against a coalition including Seleucus I, FTP, name this 301 BC battle which ended any hope that a Diadochi would restore the empire of Alexander the Great, not to be confused with a very similarly-named battle earlier fought by Alexander.;;(Battle) (of) Ipsus (not) (the) (Battle) (of) (Issus)
Philosophy;;In one work, this man argues against the objectivity of "sentimental time" by drawing an analogy to "pictorial space," and posits tropes or cycles as units that bridge the "flux of existence". In another work, he argues that it is futile to find epistemological certainty in brief "instances of awareness," as they are devoid of essences, and argues instead for a doctrine of the psyche. His lesser-known work includes Dominations and Powers, published late in life, and Egotism in German Philosophy. He included two colloquies between Socrates and the Stranger in Dialogues in Limbo and also wrote the aesthetic treatise The Sense of Beauty. Better known for the two above-mentioned works, Realms of Being and Scepticism and Animal Faith, FTP, name this 20th century Spanish-American philosopher.;;(George) Santayana
Music;;This man’s Stabat Mater ends with a "Paradisi Gloria" performed by the whole choir featuring very few breaks and no division of voice parts, unlike the piece by Lassus which it is often compared with. Like Thomas Tallis, he produced some Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet, though he resigned afterwards in protest of the way choirboys were fed. His Mottetorum liber secundus includes motets by his brother and two sons, two of his 250 motets, an early book of which was dedicated to Pope Julius III and resulted in his admittance to the Cappella Sistina. His most famous work, for six voices, demonstrated that the mass could be intelligible in the context of polyphony and was submitted to the Council of Trent. FTP, name this 16th  century composer of the Roman School, best known for his Pope Marcellus Mass.;;(Giovanni) (Pierluigi) (da) Palestrina
British Literature;;In the first few lines, the poet mentions "gleaming halls of morn" and speaks of those who "care not how they give". Toward this poem’s end, there is a mythological reference to Ilion rising like a mist into towers, and there are also some curls that "kindle into sunny rings," and a few "kisses balmier than half-opening buds". Bemoaning his condition, the title character asks, "how can my nature longer mix with thine," and then he begs, "restore me to the ground". Containing the famous line, "after many a summer dies the swan," FTP, name this Alfred Tennyson poem named for the Trojan prince loved by the goddess of dawn who gained everlasting life but without everlasting youth, and then was turned into a grasshopper.;;(")Tithonus(")
Physics;;Goldobin observed this effect in a system of two magnetically coupled long Josephson junctions, unusual since the Swihart velocity is usually not low enough. The Akheizer and Minguzzi methods are used to produce it under less than optimal conditions. A slight variant on it is given by the Smith-Purcell Effect, and Hankel functions were used to mathematically corroborate it by Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm a few years after its formulation. Exemplified by the blue glow in water surrounding nuclear reactors, FTP, name this analog of the sonic boom by which particles travel faster than the speed of light in a given medium and emit the namesake radiation named for a Russian guy.;;(Vavilov-)Cherenkov (effect/radiation)
Art;;At the far right of this work, a bearded and balding man in an orange cape leans forward and drapes his arm across a man clad in blue, while opposite him at far left a muscular man holds a goat by the head. A young man reaches out from a large crowd toward the axe-wielding shirtless man at center to restrain him, and to the left of that man a small altar holds the busts of two young girls, one of whom holds a golden box. A statue of Mercury looms far in the background and the head of an ox is visible in the lower center of the foreground. FTP name this tapestry by Raphael with a subject matter stemming from the book of Acts, when Paul and Barnabas are mistaken for the gods Jupiter and Mercury after curing a cripple in the titular city.;;Sacrifice (at) Lystra|(equivalents) (that) (include) (Lystra)
American Literature;;The twenty-third chapter of this work is entitled "The Man With the Knife" and discusses a man arrested after lunging viciously into a throng of people. It is prefaced by a passage from James Russell Lowell which begins "With gates of silver and bars of gold; Ye have fenced my sheep from their father’s fold". Inspired by John Thomson and his work, its twenty-fifth and final chapter, "How the Case Stands," presents a summary followed by an appendix of statistics. Chapter six is devoted to "the Bend," a place situated between Mulberry Street and Baxter Street, and contains photographs of places called Bandit’s Roost and Bottle Alley. Subtitled as "Studies Among the Tenements of New York," FTP, name this muckraking classic by Jacob Riis about the way a certain namesake portion of American people live.;;(")How the Other Half Lives(")
European Literature;;This author has created such characters as Mordo Nahum and Elias the half-wit, and his most famous poem describes a "womb cold as a frog in winter". His short stories include "Full Employment," and "Measure of Beauty," and are assembled into collections like The Mirror Maker. Libertini Faussone is the protagonist of his The Monkey’s Wrench, while Other People’s Trades is a collection of his essays, and he also wrote a work with chapter titles like "Zinc," "Carbon," and "Nickel". Better known for a trilogy concluding with The Drowned and the Saved, FTP, name this chemist and author of Moments of Reprieve, The Reawakening, and The Periodic Table, an Italian who also wrote a memoir of his time spent in a concentration camp, Survival in Auschwitz.;;(Primo) Levi
Psychology;;Duncan Watts and Steven Strogratz of Cornell completed the first network model of this in 1998, focusing their work on c. elegans and cricket chirps. One famous study on the subject revealed that this phenomenon has a 20% larger rate of occurrence in white populations than in black populations. The "funneling" concept suggests that most connections are made through a few prominent individuals but the major work on this subject involved 60 letters sent to recipients in Omaha, who were then instructed to send the letters on to a stockbroker in Massachusetts. Now associated with Paul Erdos, FTP, name this hypothesis that everyone in the world can be reached through a short chain of acquaintances, which gave rise to the now-famous "six degrees of separation" after Stanley Milgram conducted a 1967 experiment.;;Small World (phenomenon/theory)|(six) (degrees) (of) (separation) (before) (mentioned)
Mythology;;In one story, this mythological figure is offered some big shoes and some tiny shoes, as well as some rock crystals and a concubine named Matur. In several versions, this figure is the possessor of "seven terrors" or "seven splendours," which are surrendered one by one according to one tradition. We are also told that "his breath is Death," his "whisper has the power of fire," and his "shout has the power of a deluge". In one story, he is hit by the thirteen winds sent by Shamash, his longtime enemy, and then proceeds to plead for his life but meets his fate at the "axe of heroes". Appointed by Enlil to be the guardian of the cedar forest, FTP, name this Mesopotamian monster heartlessly killed by Enkidu and Gilgamesh.;;Humbaba|Huwawa|(something) (close) (to) (that)
Chemistry;;Derivatives of these chemical compounds include a "nested" type, synthesized by Motiei, and an endohedral type which encapsulates another atom. They have been produced by Haufler’s arching technique, and Taylor showed that they could be synthesized by the pyrolysis of naphthalene, but the traditional method of producing them is the Kratschmer-Huffman or K-H Method. Any method of synthesis will require separating them from soot, for example by dissolving in toluene. Harold Kroto, Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley gained fame for the discovery of the archetypal one, described as a truncated icosahedron composed of hexagons and pentagons. Allotropes of carbon, FTP, name these compounds whose best known example is named after an architect Buckminster.;;fullerene(s) (take) (Buckminsterfullerene) (too,) (what) (the) (hell)
European History;;One part of this work speaks of a man "thirsting for battle with hopes inflamed," and another begins with that same figure dealing "no baneful slaughter". Its first stanza mentions "eagle with eagle met" and "spear opposed to spear," and ends with a character being "driven back as he trod the beach" and a reference to "the wall by Epidamnus’ fields". It contains the death of Curio and the Witch of Thessalia, and this work’s author allegedly recited lines from book three while committing suicide as a result of his role in Piso’s conspiracy. An unfinished epic poem in ten surviving books about the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey, FTP, name this best known work of Lucan, titled after a battle that happened in 48 BC.;;Pharsalia (Civil) (War) (Bellum) (civile) (before) (that) (phrase) (is) (mentioned)
World History;;This man writes about his torturous experience as a prisoner in the book White Nights, and about other struggles in The Revolt. He initiated Project Renewal, a program to cure urban blight. His decision not to surrender cargo led to the Altalena Affair, and the ship he was stationed on was taken by force. The man behind Operation Moses, after his birth in Brest-Litovsk, he became well-known for ordering the bombing of the King David Hotel as commander of the Irgun Zvei Leumi, for being the founder of Herut, and later for invading Lebanon as the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. FTP, name this guy whose negotiation of the Camp David Accords with Anwar Sadat earned him the Nobel Peace Prize.;;(Menachem) Begin
United States History;;It was decided the day before Bradwell v. Illinois, and its holding was followed six years later by Strauder v. West Virginia. One dissent begins with a quote from Adam Smith and goes on to say that "the people of this country brought with them to its shores the rights of Englishmen". Of the three dissents, that by Justice Swayne is the least cited, and it was decided the year before Minor v. Happersett. Writing for the majority, Justice Samuel Miller made the now-ridiculous claim that he doubted "very much whether any action of a State not involving discrimination against the negroes…would ever be held to come within the equal protection clause". Dissented in by Justices Field and Bradley, FTP, name this decision which upheld a monopoly granted to the Crescent City Company in New Orleans, an 1873 set of cases named for a certain bloody business.;;(The) Slaughter-House (Cases)
World Literature;;In the penultimate chapter of this novel, the protagonist gives a prostitute a copy of Beccaria's Crime and Punishment, and observes the Superior prostrate in the Tower of the North Star. In the first chapter he slashes up the polished black scabbard of an officer and relates the story of Uiko, who was shot by the lover she betrayed, a deserter from the Navy. Tsurukawa commits suicide over an unknown woman, though it’s covered up, and Kashiwagi, who is club-footed, gives an interpretation of "Nansen and the Kitten," a frequently-referenced Zen koan. The protagonist is motivated by another koan which begins, "When ye meet the Buddha, kill the Buddha," but is unable to complete his plan by dying in the Kukyocho. FTP, name this Japanese novel in which Mizoguchi burns down the title architectural treasure, a work by Yukio Mishima.;;(The) Temple of the Golden Pavillion|(Kinkakuji)
Biology;;One member of this class has been shown to facilitate the subcellular translocation of Gq-alpha in Drosophila photoreceptors. Mutations in their non-muscle type are responsible for May-Hegglin anomaly and Fechtner Syndrome. Another member of this class has a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is unusual because it moves toward the minus end of the filament. The most studied one has a tail domain containing heptad repeat sequences, which promote dimerization and interact to form an alpha-helical coiled coil, and its two heavy chains catalyze the ATP hydrolysis. FTP, name this class of about 20 elongated molecular proteins that form the thick filament, the cytoskeletal element in muscle cells, and drive the motion of its thin filament partner actin.;;myosin(s)
European History;;The text of this agreement provides an indemnity to the Prince of Nassau-Dietz, a clever arrangement contained in one of its 14 "secret articles". It was actually agreed to earlier at the Peace of Leoben, and it contained a provision to ratify the agreement by a congress with the Holy Roman Empire at Rastadt the following month. It ceded Corfu and all islands below the Gulf of Drin to the victor, and its co-signer Ludwig von Cobenzl reluctantly agreed to simultaneously release the marquis de La Fayette. He also agreed to recognize the newly-created Ligurian Republic as well as the Cisalpine Republic, and the territory of Venice was secretly partitioned. An agreement that brought an end to the First Coalition and left France at war with only Britain, FTP, name this treaty between Napoleon and Austria in 1797 named for the small Italian village where it was signed.;;(Treaty) (of) Campo Formio
United States History;;In a 1983 biography of this man, Peter Carlson dubs him Roughneck. He punctured his eye in a whittling accident at the age of nine, so he only allowed himself to be photographed on the left side, and quickly came under the tutelage of Ed Boyce. Along with Charles Moyer and George Pettibone, he’d be accused by Harry Orchard of murdering the ex-governor of Idaho Frank Steunenberg, and defended in that trial by Clarence Darrow. Later, he’d be convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 and flee to live the rest of his life in Russia, a fitting end for a lifelong Socialist. FTP, name this man who led the Wobblies or Industrial Workers of the World, a labor activist known as "Big Bill".;;(William) (Dudley) ("Big) (Bill") Haywood
Biology;;George Cotzias is known for work concerning the manganese content in this, and the Proctor-McGinness hypothesis concerns its biological role. It is contained in units bound by Rab27A which attract Slac2-a, vital in transport which is inhibited by Griscelli Syndrome, causing large granules of this to be unevenly distributed. It can act as an amorphous semiconductor threshold switch, and its biosynthesis involves the dehydrogenation of dopa to dopaquinone after the oxidation of tyrosine to tyrosinase. Partially absent in portions of people who suffer from vitiligo, its complete absence is of course known as albinism. FTP, name this dark-colored pigment responsible for skin color.;;melanin
European Literature;;At one point the title character is observed molding silver plates, and later in the novel an unscrupulous associate of the young protagonist falls victim to some poisoned coffee, after which he is identified as the famous criminal Trompe-la-Mort. Victorine‘s father disinherits her in favor of her brother, prompting Vautrin to suggest having that brother murdered by means of a duel. Madame de Beauseant introduces the protagonist to Delphine, who then proceeds to ask him to win money for her by gambling. Set primarily in the boarding-house of Madame Vauquer, FTP, name this novel centering on Anastasie de Restaud, Eugene de Rastignac, and the titular indulgent parent, a work of Honore de Balzac.;;Pere Goriot|Father Goriot
Music;;The film of this name stars Oscar Levant and Alexis Smith, and a desire to beat out a rival named Vincent Lopez indirectly inspired the composition of this piece, on which the composer made great progress while riding a train to Boston. Followed up chronologically by the composer’s Cuban Overture and a Concerto in F, the New York Tribune advised listeners to "weep over the lifelessness" of this work. It was commissioned by Paul Whiteman, scored by his arranger Ferde Grofe and famously named after a visit to a Whistler gallery by the composer’s brother Ira. FTP, name this George Gershwin work with a famous clarinet opening and a colorful title.;;Rhapsody in Blue
Biology;;Given its current name by A. William Grabau, it was discovered by a team including Birgir Bohlin and led by the Swedish geologist Johann Andersson. Found at a site comprising 26 localities including the Upper Cave of late fossils and the New Cave, it initially turned up two teeth, and the upper molar was sent for analysis to Davidson Black. Studied by Teilhard de Chardin, the initial team proceeded from Chicken-bone Hill to Dragon-bone Hill to unearth this Homo erectus specimen of the Pleistocene, which confirmed the findings of the Java Man. Unearthed at Zhoukoudian, FTP, name this "man" discovered at the namesake place in China.;;Peking (Man)|Beijing (Man)
Geography;;A force of this city defeated Dorieus when he attempted to found a colony at the foot of Mount Eryx. It founded the city of Gabir and emerged victorious under Malchus, who was later banished. Its government featured a body of judges known as the Hundred and Four and it celebrated the cult of the goddess Tanit, at the religious district or Tophet in the south. This is where its practice of child sacrifice is said to have occurred, and its power center was the citadel Byrsa. It was defeated at the Battle of Himera and a revolution overthrew its Mago dynasty. Led by several members of the Barca family, FTP, name this ancient Phoenician city which fought against Rome in the Punic Wars.;;Carthage
Chemistry;;Frederick Lindemann created a special one of these, along with Koref and Nernst, useful at very low temperatures. A forward plug type has been installed for the ZEUS detector at HERA. An example of the power compensation differential scanning type is that produced by Perkin-Elmer. The micro one at Goddard is XRS and essentially consists of a thermistor, absorber, and heat sink. Titration types are useful for determining end points. A sealed metal container placed in water to measure heat flow for gases and high temperature reactions is known as the bomb type. FTP, name this thermodynamic instrument of which high school chemistry classes like to use a coffee cup type.;;calorimeter
American Literature;;A discussion of the painting Woman with a Parrot occurs early in this novel, which includes minor characters like the beefy guard Jimmy Carnes, the drunken Alec Small, and the flirtatious Rose Mapen. The narrator rides a horse named Blue Boy on an expedition he undertakes with companions like Ma Grier, Bill Winder, and the black man Sparks. Canby the bartender and Judge Tyler figure prominently in the opening chapter and conclusion. Arthur Davies and Bill Tetley hold opposing views as to how to avenge the death of Kinkaid and the theft of cattle at the hands of some rustlers, but the narrator’s friend Gil just likes to get drunk and fight. FTP, name this novel in which a lynching party hangs three innocent men at the title locale, the most famous work by Walter Van Tilburg Clark.;;(The) Ox-Bow Incident
Music;;This man composed a choral arrangement of "Il sospiro" and a "Miserere" based on Psalm 50 as well as a concerto for two clarinets entitled "Maria Padilla". The composer of the operas Fausta and Elvida, his notable arias include "ah, mes amis! Quel jour de fete," sung alongside the characters Sulpizio and Tonio, and the more famous "una furtiva lagrima". In addition to the opera in which that appears, The Daughter of the Regiment, he featured Ernesto, Norina, and Dr. Malateste in his Don Pasquale and composed an opera on Anne Boleyn. FTP, name this pioneer of bel canto opera, the Italian composer of The Elixir of Love and Lucia di Lammermoor.;;(Gaetano) Donizetti
Mythology;;This god appears in the Middle Kingdom story "The Magician Djedi," where the title character claims he knows all the secrets of this god. In the Late Period, this god acquired the epithet "silver Aten," and one of his consorts was the little-known Nehemetawy, but he’s more often associated with the goddess Seshat who was variously his wife and daughter. His chief center of worship in dynastic times was Hermopolis. In several motifs, he represents one of the four cardinal points along with Dunanwi, Seth, and Horus. Also known as Djehuty, FTP, name this god who stands beside the scales that weigh the heart of the deceased and records the verdict, depicted as either a baboon or an ibis-headed god of wisdom.;;Thoth
Geography;;The early history of this nation saw Francisco Morazán emerge as a national hero victorious at La Trinidad, and 20th century leaders have included Tiburcio Carías and Ramon Villeda, deposed in a 1963 coup. A notorious unit of its armed forces, Batallion 316, was commanded by Gustavo Alvarez under the auspices of so-called "proconsul" John Negroponte. In 1969, this country expelled a bunch of unwanted immigrants from a neighboring country, leading to a six-day conflict known as the Soccer War. It provided a U.S.-sponsored base for the Contras against the Sandinistas, just east of Tegucigalpa. FTP, name this Central American country bordered by El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.;;Honduras
Earth Science;;An increase in this property relative to another is described by the Hall-Petch Effect, and Meyer’s Law provides an empirical relation for it. It may be described as Berkovitch or measured by the Bennett scale, which uses the same principle as a scleroscope, creating results in Shore units. It can also be measured by a Rockwell test or a superficial Rockwell test, a Knoop Test or Vickers Test which requires magnification, or a Brinell Test which employs a sphere. The most famous way of measuring it provides a very low value for talc and high value for diamond. FTP, name this basic physical property measured by the Mohs scale.;;hardness
British Literature;;Some versions of this work contain an extra line referring to the Marian intercession, and Edward Seymour, the Duke of Somerset, may have supported it for political reasons. Robert Crowley’s versions of this work are well-known, and Francis Meres and William Webb join Crowly as the only people to comment on its alliterative style favorably. Classified by W.W. Skeet into definitive A, B, and C text versions, it begins in Worcestershire when a fellow named Will dreams of a large tower and a fortress in a valley. Featuring characters like Do-well, Do-bet, and Do-best, FTP, name this Middle English allegorical narrative, a work of William Langland.;;Piers Plowman
United States History;;Florence Kelley and Josephine Goldmark lent assistance to the developer of this. Its was inspired by a dissent in New State Ice Company v. Leibmann and in 2005, one of these was controversially used in Roper v. Simmons, leading critics like Ginsburg to point out that they represent a severe relaxation of judicial notice. Used in Brown vs. Board of Education to demonstrate the psychological repercussions of segregated education on African-American children, it was first employed by its namesake in the 1908 case Muller v. Oregon. Featuring analysis of extra-legal data and the theory of other sciences, FTP, name this type of expansive legal brief named for the first Jewish justice of the Supreme Court.;;Brandeis (Brief)
Art;;A one-man show by Bob Diven tells the story of this artist completing his most famous work, and this man’s painting Gassed shows a line of soldiers standing among their fallen comrades. He painted some Muddy Alligators lounging around and a Venetian Interior that now resides in Pittsburgh, while his mural cycle Triumph of Religion resides at the Boston Public Library. Two guitars hang on the wall in the upper left while two Spanish musicians play guitars and a white-clad woman dances in the foreground of his work El Jaleo. FTP, name this American painter, most famous for The Misses Vickers, Carnation Lily, Lily Rose, and his rendering of the young socialite Virginie Gautreau in Madame X.;;(John) (Singer) Sargent
European History;;This conflict saw the Battle of Madonna dell’Olmo fought near Cuneo. Three years into it, the Peace of Abo ended a separate war sometimes called the Lesser Wrath or the Hats War, and a notable naval skirmish saw the fleet of Thomas Mathews defeated at Toulon. Also featuring the Battle of Soor, it began in earnest with an alliance proposed by the Marshal Belle-Isle which soon after led to the Battle of Dettingen, a victory for George II two years before its most central action, the Battle of Fontenoy. It stemmed from the invasion of Silesia in response to Maria Theresa’s rule under the Pragmatic Sanction. FTP, name this European conflict from 1740 to 1748, a certain war of succession.;;(War) (of) (the) Austrian Succession (prompt) (on) (King) (George’s) (War)
Physics;;This effect accounts for the first term in the Proca Equations, a term that only becomes relevant for large photon masses, unlike the second term which is the London moment. It was notably studied by Andre Geim, and fails to explain the Suspension Effect. It is, however, itself theoretically explained by the London Equation which accounts for exponential decay. The mixed-state version occurs in type II superconductors and it was observed when tin crystals were cooled below critical temperature, revealing perfectly diamagnetic behavior. Discovered with Robert Ochsenfeld, FTP, name this effect which describes levitation and the falling off of magnetic flux within a superconductor.;;Meissner(-Ochsenfeld) (Effect)
Philosophy;;In this work, the author protests those who assert that a "blind fatality," the fatality of the Atheists, produced the various effects of the world, and includes chapters on metempsychosis and maritime usury. Revised by J.V. Prichard, its original translator Thomas Nugent noted in a preface how its author proceeded to defend himself from the contradictory charges of being pro-Spinoza and a Deist. It was quoted at length by the Nakaz or Instruction of Catherine the Great, but excluding the discussion of the "depository" and its necessity due to the "natural ignorance" of the nobility. Comprising 31 books and 605 chapters and most cited for its doctrine of the separation of powers in government, FTP, identify this massive tome of the French Enlightenment, the most famous work of Montesquieu.;;(The) Spirit of (the) Laws
British Literature;;In one poem, this author declares that time "shakes this fragile frame at eve with throbbings of noontide," and notes that, "love alone can lend you loyalty" in the poem "A Broken Appointment". More famous among his poetry is a work discussing how wind and rain sing their gentle songs, and a poem whose first line bemoans "woman much missed, how you call to me, call to me". He wrote about a "Ruined Maid" in a poem by that name and claimed that "every spirit on earth seemed fervourless as I" in a famous poem which begins "I leant upon a coppice gate, when Frost was spectre-gray". FTP, name this author of the poems "The Voice," "Channel Firing," and "The Darkling Thrush," who also wrote novels like Tess of the D’Urbervilles.;;(Thomas) Hardy
World Literature;;One of this author's works deals with Jessie Stilwell's harboring of Ann Davis and her lover, the painter Gideon Shibalo. A Soldier's Embrace contains stories like "Oral History," about the suicide of a village chief during a war in Zimbabwe. Jacques Demy's film The Umbrellas of Cherbourg influenced her recent work The Pickup, and her other novels include The Late Bourgeois World, The Lying Days, A Sport of Nature, and the aforementioned Occasion for Loving. FTP, name this author of July's People, Burger's Daughter, and The Conservationist, a South African Nobel winner.;;(Nadine) Gordimer
Geography;;These mountains feature a variety of fossilized fauna in the Goderdzi Pass, and the Keli plateau is home to the geologically important Sakokhe volcano. They include the lush Meskheti Range and Mt. Tetnuld, and are drained in various portions by the Kuban’ River and the Kura River. Extending from the foot town of Sochi east to the Abseron Peninsula, the Likhi Range joins their greater and lesser potions. Home to Bethlehem Cave, they run through southern Dagestan and have their highest peak at Mt. Elbrus. FTP, name these mountains which pass through Georgia and Azerbaijan running from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea.;;Caucasus (Mountains)
British Literature;;The protagonist views frescoes at the Santa Croce Church and watches one man kill another in a debt-related argument before driving towards Fiesole with an English chaplain. Minor characters in this work include Sir Harry Otway and the protagonist’s brother Freddy, while more prominent are his sister Teresa Alan, the Reverend Arthur Beebe, and the novelist Miss Lavish. That protagonist is engaged to Cecil Vyse, and the action of the novel begins at the Pension Bertolini where Mr. Emerson and his son George offer to switch places with Charlotte Bartlett and Lucy Honeychurch. FTP, name this 1908 E.M. Forster novel about that titular location, from which the characters can see quite well.;;(A) Room with a View
European History;;Two years before this battle, the French were bothered with an uprising known as the Cabochienne, in which a group of butchers attempted to impose an ordinance on Paris. The winning commander went on to forge an alliance with Sigismond de Luxembourg after this battle, where his left flank was commanded by Lord Camoys. The other side suffered the death of Jean le Maingre, the Marshal Boucicaut, and Charles d’Orleans as well as their commander, the Constable Charles d’Albret. Fought on muddy ground, it eventually led to the signing of the Treaty of Troyes. FTP, name this major victory for Henry V of England in 1415, an epic battle of the Hundred Years War.;;(Battle) (of) Agincourt
Chemistry;;Different types of this organic compound are named for Mosher, Hantzsch, Roche, and probably most famously, Hagemann. Lesser-known ways to make them are named after Yamaguchi and Steglich, particularly useful for forming the tert-butyl type of them. Acids of any chain length can be created by the very useful synthesis named for the malonic type of these compounds. Cyclic ones are known as lactones, and the simplest way of preparing them is named after Fischer and simply creates them by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid. FTP, name this basic functional group consisting of a carbonyl group single bonded to an oxygen.;;ester(s)
Art;;This guy’s version of Belshazzar’s Feast is lost, but his version of Judith and Holofernes as a small ceiling painting was done around the same time as Portrait of a Bearded Man, and shows his attempts to experiment with decorative colors. He painted two nude women and two clothed men on a small boat in The Deliverance of Arsenoe. His more famous works include one depicting an orange robe clad St Mark hovering upside-down at top center entitled The Miracle of the Slave and his Origin of the Milky Way completed for Emperor Rudolph II, as well as his mystical 1594 version of The Last Supper. FTP, name this Venetian painter with a nickname that means "little dyer".;;(Jacopo) Tintoretto|(Jacopo) Robusti
Mythology;;This deity, also known as Ayabba, was visited by a man who carried a short toad named Nudimmud but he left and went back to the Hall of the Synod. One of her "sons" had a counselor named Kaka that he sent on a mission down to the "sediment," an action requested by Kishar and Anshar. Also the mother of Lahmu and Lahamu, she grew fearful upon hearing the advance of Slayer, Pitiless, Racer, and Flyer. Her war minister Kingu had his blood spilled and used to make mankind after she was killed by Marduk. FTP, name this consort of Apsu in the Enuma Elish, a primeval dragon representing chaos in Babylonian myth.;;Tiamat
European Literature;;The main character makes a few trips to the grove of Silvanus throughout this work, and at one point returns to his house from the marketplace bearing incense and flowers, only to find a group of caterers and other strangers in his home. His slave Staphyla is the first to learn of his daughter’s proposed marriage to his rich neighbor, but Staphyla is concerned because the daughter is actually already pregnant because she’s been violated by Lyconides, the son of Eunomia and nephew of Megadorus, who also seeks to marry her. At the work’s end, Euclio has a great change of heart and bestows the title object on his daughter and her new husband. FTP, name this story of a miser and his riches, a comedy by Plautus.;;(The) Pot of Gold|Aulularia
United States History;;In his autobiography, this politician praised his wife for being the first to graduate from a certain law school, and claimed that she covertly wrote a brief for him. He also talks about buying a local newspaper called Old Dane to support his candidacy and hiring long-time supporter John Nelson as editor. He drafted an act also known as the Furuseth Act giving rights to seamen in the merchant marine. His bid for president came on a ticket with Burton Wheeler from Montana, and succeeded in taking votes away from John Davis in 1924. Known also for leading a pacifist filibuster in 1917 after the receipt of the Zimmerman note, FTP, name this Progressive senator and governor from Wisconsin nicknamed "Fighting Bob".;;(Robert) La Follette(,) (Sr.)
Physics;;This effect was incorrectly explained by Bohr-Kramers-Slater theory, and the relativistic formula for it is a function of a parameter, epsilon, defined as Planck's constant times the frequency divided by the mass of an electron times speed of light squared. The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect applies its inverse effect to cosmic microwave background radiation photons gaining energy when they travel through a hot electron cloud, and its above differential cross-section is given by the Klein-Nishina formula. The most likely interaction between an X-ray and soft tissue, FTP, name this effect in which a photon loses energy as it scatters off of a single electron, named for an American Nobel-winning physicist.;;Compton (effect)|(scattering)
Music;;This man wrote an opera taken from the story "Le Rosier de Madame Husson," and his opus #71 is based on the Japanese Noh play "Sumida River". He penned a TV opera Owen Wingrave as well as the music for the documentary film Night Mail. One of his most famous works is dedicated to the children of John and Jean Maud and contains a fortississimo finish while another includes the "Four Sea Interludes" and is based on a work by George Crabbe. Better known among his operas is an adaptation of Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice. FTP, name this British composer of Noye’s Flood, War Requiem, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, and Peter Grimes.;;(Benjamin) Britten
Philosophy;;In the second section, the author contrasts the foundations of a state with the construction of a house and a highway. In another section, he concludes that simply because man can imagine the head of a lion attached to the body of a goat does not mean that chimeras really exist. It references the work of Spanish thinker Raymond Lully, and was originally meant to be part of a work entitled The World. The author begins that good sense is the most evenly distributed thing among men, but soon arrives at a position that even all the wildest supposition of skeptics cannot shake, that cogito ergo sum. FTP, name this treatise published before Meditations on First Philosophy, by René Descartes.;;Discourse on Method (Discourse) (on) (the) (Method) (of) (Rightly) (Conducting) (the) (Reason,) (and) (Seeking) (Truth) (in) (the) (Sciences)
American Literature;;This author’s lone mystery novel appeared in print over sixty years after her death. That work, entitled Unpunished, departs thematically from more characteristic works like The Crux, Moving the Mountain, and What Diantha Did. After a collection entitled In This Our World, she wrote about child-care in Concerning Children and married her cousin in 1902. Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward inspired her utopian novel Herland, and she satirized her treatments with Dr. Silas Mitchell in her most famous work in 1892. The one-time wife of Charles Stetson, FTP, name this early feminist and author of Women and Economics and "The Yellow Wallpaper".;;(Charlotte) (Perkins) Gilman
World History;;David and Isabel Crook wrote about the effects of it at Ten Mile Inn. It’s also been analyzed by René Dumont and Jasper Becker, who criticizes men like Edgar Snow for casually approving of it. Known as the "three bitter years," it began with an operation in Chayashan and was facilitated by the anti-Rightist movement. The second of the five-year plans, it saw the organization of families into work teams and brigades, and the development of backyard steel furnaces and communal kitchens. Criticized by moderates like Peng Dehuai, FTP, name this disastrous policy begun by Mao Zedong in 1958, with a name that indicates his intention to move the Chinese economy ahead by a bound.;;(The) Great Leap Forward
Biology;;Their reactivity is increased in patients with Behcet’s disease. A decrease in their adenine nucleotide characterizes Delta Storage Pool Deficiency, a defect in their dense granules which is similar to a syndrome that describes them as gray. Bernard-Soulier Syndrome occurs when glycoprotein IB one-B is missing from their membranes, and since this is the receptor for von Willebrand factor, they fail to adhere properly. Carriers of L-tryptophan and serotonin, they are bound with fibrin after a cascade of reactions, creating a web-like mesh. Produced from megakaryocytes and also known as thrombocytes, FTP, name these small cell fragments which play a key role in clotting blood.;;platelet(s)
United States History;;This case cites the precedent of U.S Department of Agriculture v. Moreno in its holding. The dissent begins by accusing that the "Court has mistaken a Kulturkampf for a fit of spite" and then criticizes the majority’s use of the concept of "animus" and its dubious claim of using rational basis review. The majority, written by Kennedy, begins by quoting Harlan’s dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson that the Constitution "neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens". The Court used the equal protection clause to strike down Amendment 2 added to the state constitution of Colorado to prevent gays and lesbians from being treated as a protected class. FTP, name this 1996 case hailed as a landmark by homosexuals.;;Romer (v.) (Evans)
American Literature;;One of this author’s novels follows Gideon Zadock as he falls in love with Natasha Solomon. In another, Dr. Adam Kelno sues the author Abraham Cady, much like this author was once sued by a Polish doctor, Wladislaw Dering. When Esquire Magazine purchased an article of his about football and encouraged him to write a novel, the result was his 1953 debut Battle Cry. This author wrote about the Larkin family in 1995’s The Redemption and about Germany in a work subtitled A Novel of Berlin. He published Ireland: A Terrible Beauty and Jerusalem: Song of Songs together with his wife Jill, and his work Mila 18 forced Joseph Heller to change the title of his book from Catch 18 to Catch 22. FTP, name this modern Jewish author of Trinity, QB VII, and Exodus.;;(Leon) Uris
Art;;This man’s numerous self-portraits include one with a leather belt, one as a wounded man, and one as a desperate man. His hunting scenes include the aptly titled Hunt Breakfast and Stag Taking to the Water, while his seascapes include several versions of the Cliff at Etretat. His several still-lifes include The Trellis, painted before his piece Peasants of Flagey Returning from the Fair. In 1855, a work sub-titled "A Real Allegory Determining a Phase of Seven Years of my Artistic Life". emerged, followed by a provocative view of a nude woman entitled The Origin of the World. FTP, name this realist French artist best known for The Painter’s Studio, The Stone Breakers, and the Burial at Ornans.;;(Gustave) Courbet
United States History;;This man set up a Board of Nine Select Men to rule with him, and soon after came into conflict with Theophilus Eaton. He replaced William Kieft, whom he sent away on the Princess, and arrested Corporal Barendt. His tenure ended after receiving a letter from Sir George Cartwright, and after being replaced by Richard Nicholls, he retired to his estate, the Great Bouwerie. A former governor of Curacao and ancestor of Hamilton Fish, he signed the Treaty of Hartford, but the policies of his rule would be opposed by the Flushing Remonstrance. After building Fort Casimir, he conquered New Sweden in 1654. FTP, name this cruel and one-legged man who served as governor of the New Netherlands.;;(Peter) Stuyvesant
Astronomy;;A namesake study on these by Henry and Elske Smith created a correction formula for computing their area. They are associated with Moreton Waves and EIT Waves, with the latter covering a wider angular span and being observed father away. They can create a loop prominence system and their structure may be described as parallel-ribbon. A famous one is known as the Seahorse, and ones called Hyder are linked to the disappearance of a large dark filament instead of an active site. Bigger than plage fluctuations, their precursor stage sees emission of soft x-rays. Originating in the photosphere and extending into the corona, FTP, name these hugely energetic explosions in the Sun’s atmosphere.;;solar flare(s)
Sociology;;This man classified discipline as repetitive behavior under determinate conditions in a work on Moral Education, and composed another work on the normality of crime. The inspiration for Bateson’s schismogenesis theory, he differentiated between repressive and restitutive law, seeing crime as a reflection of a population’s unconscious. Rodney Needham translated his collaboration with Marcel Mauss on Primitive Classification, and he sought to identify the common social origins of religious beliefs in Elementary Forms of Religious Life. FTP, name this French sociologist whose best-known works include The Division of Labor in Society and a study on Suicide.;;(Emile) Durkheim
American Literature;;"Gentlemen look on a curious creature" with an "all-baffling brain" in the penultimate section of this work, which also includes a discussion on a six-foot tall 80 year old man with handsome sons. In the second part, the author marvels over the muscles of firemen and presents portraits of girls, mothers, swimmers, and woodmen, mentioning "the natural perfect and varied attitudes". Focusing on the beauty of the human body, the author admires male and female forms and asks, "Have you seen the fool that corrupted his own body"? Also the name of a story by Ray Bradbury, FTP, name this Whitman poem from Leaves of Grass, in which Walt claims that "the bodies of men and women engirth me".;;(")I Sing the Body Electric(")
Chemistry;;This chemist is named with Johnson and Ireland in reactions that are variants of his namesake reaction. A ketone and aromatic aldehyde react in a process named for this man and J.G. Schmidt. The thermal conversion of an allyl phenyl ether to an ortho-allyl phenol, by way of a cyclo-hexa-die-none intermediate, is his namesake rearrangement. The Dieckmann reaction is an intramolecular version his most famous reaction, and occurs with esters of dicarboxylic acids forming five or six-membered rings. FTP, name this German chemist, the namesake of the condensation that happens when two esters form a beta-keto ester.;;(Rainer) (Ludwig) Claisen
World History;;This event was preceded by the Battle of Civitate one year earlier and the absence of the Lombard catepan Argyrus at that battle served as a catalyst for its occurrence. The designation of one group as "azymites" by the other was a cause of conflict, and a letter from the Archbishop of Ochrid to the Bishop of Trani played a large role in prompting it, as did more notable letters exchanged between Michael Cerularios and Cardinal Humbert on behalf of Pope Leo IX. Unsuccessful attempts to reverse it occurred at the Second Council of Lyons in 1254 and also at the Council of Florence. FTP, name this event of 1054 CE which divided Greek Eastern Orthodoxy and Latin Western Catholicism in a rather large way.;;Great Schism|(East-West) (Schism)
Music;;He used an electronic instrument that converted neon lights into sound in his Concertino for Trautonium and Strings. Revisions of his Cello Sonata demonstrate his conversion to the "new objectivity," and he was also associated with the origins of "utility music". He wrote the theory book The Craft of Musical Composition, and after writing the "Life of Mary" songs and the opera Cardillac, he protested the treatment of art under the Nazis with the movements "Angelic Concert," "Entombment," and "Temptation of Saint Anthony" in a 1934 protest performance. FTP, name this man who set to music "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed" and created an opera about a sixteenth-century painter, entitled Mathis der Maler.;;(Paul) Hindemith
British Literature;;The preface notes the debt of the author to the serving girls he overheard during his stay in the Old Wicklow house, and claims that Mallarme and Huysmans are producing the richest modern literature. In the second act Sara makes a memorable toast to, "the pirates, preachers, and poteen-makers" and the title character remarks that, "it's a lonesome thing to be passing small towns with the lights shining sideways when the night is down". At that point he's depressed because Pegeen is angry with him, but he cheers up when she agrees to marry him instead of wussy Shawn Keogh, and her father Michael says that, "a daring fellow is the jewel of the world". FTP, name this play about Christy Mahon, an Irish boy who thinks he has killed his father, the most famous work of John Millington Synge.;;(The) Playboy of the Western World
Physics;;The Kasha-Vavilov Rule states that the quantum yield of this process is independent of wavelength, and Kasha’s Rule states it will only be observed in one state. It is explained by Birks scheme in excimers, and Stokes law of this phenomenon states that wavelength absorbed will be shorter than that emitted. The yield of this process can be defined as the probability that it occurs rather than the Auger Effect, another method of liberating energy. Occurring when a molecule returns from an excited singlet state to its ground state, FTP, name this optical phenomenon which is briefer and more common than phosphorescence, seen in certain light bulbs.;;fluorescence (photon) (emission) (before) (Birks,) (prompt) (after)
Philosophy;;He used the theories of Albumazar to develop a chronology of history that claimed true prophets arise every 320 years. He also worked on the Elefuga theorem, equivalent to Euclid’s Bridge of Asses for isosceles triangles, and is alleged to have constructed a robotic head that could speak. He relied on the exploration of Mongol lands by Willem van Rursbroeck for much of the encyclopedia that he presented to Clement IV, the Opus Majus. Analysis of the writings of Peter de Maricourt made this student of Robert Grosseteste an early advocate of empiricism, and his scientific musings made him the first Westerner to describe eyeglasses and the full recipe for gunpowder. FTP, name this English Frnaciscan known as "Doctor Mirabilis".;;R(oger) Bacon (prompt) (on) Bacon
Geography;;This nation contains Mount Roraima in the Pakaraima Range, just north of its Rupununi Savannah plain. Its lesser rivers include the Demarara and the Courantyne, which is part of disputed territory in the east. It is home to the mammoth Kaieteur Waterfalls on the Potaro River, which is a tributary of the long river that bisects almost this entire nation, the Essequibo River. It is considered an economic member of the West Indies by the Caricom Treaty, a fact reflected by the position of its capital Georgetown. Sandwiched between Suriname and Venezuela, FTP, name this country in upper South America which once had "British" appended to its name.;;Guyana
World Literature;;One scene in this book recounts a cleric’s opinion on whether one can eat a chicken after having sex with it, while another notes that no one ever spoke to the authorities about an episode of torture in an Oklahoma hotel room. It includes a mysterious chocolate-bearing character referred to only as "my magician" and describes a mock trial of Jay Gatsby on charges of being Satan. The narrator has to pair Our Bodies, Ourselves with Pride and Prejudice in order to communicate the proper relationship between sex and romance, and the circle of seven women identifies with Daisy Miller above all of those discussed in the private reading circle that this book chronicles. FTP, name this memoir by Azar Nafisi which discusses surreptitious access to a forbidden work by Nabokov following the Islamic revolution of 1979.;;Reading Lolita in Tehran
Math Theory;;When Andre Weil was arrested by Finnish authorities during World War II, he was found carrying an invitation to this man's daughter's wedding, not surprising given that Weil's wife was his godmother. His work was first presented by Raoul Husson while disguised with a fake beard and strange accent, though later Jean Dieudonne became his main voice. He was named for a Greek general who led a retreat during the Franco-Prussian war, and the third generation of his followers included such luminaries as Alexander Grothendieck and Serge Lang. FTP, name this imaginary mathematician, the pseudonym of a group of French mathematicians who sought to unify mathematics on a rigorous foundation of set theory.;;(Nicolas) Bourbaki
United States History;;One of his apprentices was William Wells Brown, the author of the first American novel by a black man, Clotel. Wendell Phillips gave an admired speech at Fenuil Hall in memory of this man, who was influenced by the sight of Francis McIntosh burned at the stake. Among his greatest opponents, whom he constantly referred to, were Usher Linder and Luke Lawless. He moved his operation into the Godfrey & Gilman warehouse after being harassed as editor of the St. Louis Observer, where his allies, including Thaddeus Hurlbut, threw clay pots at a mob. FTP, name this abolitionist newspaper editor who was killed in Alton, Illinois in 1837.;;(Elijah) (Parish) Lovejoy
Religion;;One saint of this name, whose biography was written by his student Ardo, hailed from Aniane and was an influential advisor at the court of Louis the Pious in Aachen. Another saint by this name fled home toward Enfide where he performed his first miracle by repairing a clay wheat sifter. That saint quickly moved on and met his companion Romanus in the valley of Subiaco. Hailing from Nursia, he was probably a twin with his sister Scholastica and eventually moved to Monte Cassino, with which he’d be most associated. FTP, give the name of these saints, the latter of which laid down a famous austere Rule for monastic life.;;(Sts.) Benedict (of) (Nursia/of) (Aniane)
European Literature;;Francis Heck wrote a study comparing the treatment of women in How Green Was My Valley to similar themes in this novel, which sees the protagonist conceal the corpse of a man killed by an eleven-year-old. Seeing a forced kiss from Chaval angers that man, who had earlier met "Bonnemort" and learned that the Grégoires hand out clothing but no other charity and are part-owners of Montsou. Pluchart is the spokesman for Marxism in this novel, which was published between Life’s Joys and The Masterpiece in the Rougon-Macquart series and follows Étienne Lantier’s leadership of a mine strike. FTP, name this novel about members of the Maheu family, written by Emile Zola.;;Germinal
Art;;This painting shares its name with a 1917 film that credits Baroness Orczy as a writer and stars A.V. Bramble as Diogenes. Richard Seymour-Conway bought this work at an auction in 1865 under an alternate title, and it has been compared to the work of Arcimboldo in that it seems to have been created out of "something inanimate". Much like the Mona Lisa, the subject of this work appears to be staring at the viewer at all times, though he actually looks straight ahead. Currently part of the Wallace Collection in England, the Latin inscription on the top right of the work states that the portrait was created in 1624, when the sitter was 26 years old. FTP, name this work depicting a smiling mirthful young chap in a silk costume and a large black hat, the best known work of Franz Hals.;;(The) Laughing Cavalier
Biology;;Given their name by Martin Luscher and Peter Karlson, one type of them is named after Nasonov, and can be synthetically reproduced as a 2:1 ratio of citral and geraniol. Adolph Butenandt identified the first one in a certain class in 1959, which he named bombykol. They can be produced by Koschevnikov’s Gland and are received by Jacobson’s Organ, or the VNO. Substances like copulins have led many to posit their existence in humans and they may be classified generally into releaser and primer types. FTP, name these mixtures of chemicals produced by organisms, like honey bees, to transmit messages like sexual attraction to creatures of the same species.;;pheromone(s)
World History;;Many of this civilization’s settlements were excavated by Alfonso Medellin, including Laguna de los Cerros and their key manufacturing site of Llano del Jicaro. Other archeologists who have studied them include Philip Drucker and the pioneering Frans Blom. Their key artifacts include the twin monuments at El Azuzul, rubber balls at El Manati, and their namesake "Bird Vessel". Named by Marshall Saville with a designation meaning "rubber people," with the coming of the Middle Formative Period around 900 B.C., they moved from San Lorenzo toward the Rio Palma and its island city of La Venta. FTP, name this early Mesoamerican civilization, best known for their big-ass stone heads.;;Olmec(s)
British Literature;; The speaking of this phrase immediately precedes the arrival of a character who suggests that the ages between sixteen and twenty-three should be eliminated, since he has spent that time doing nothing but impregnating "wenches". A character’s observation that the sky is darker than ever before during daylight hours ends by stating "I am gone for ever" and precedes this line. That character had just left a bag of jewels with the infant Perdita after being ordered to expose Hermione’s child by Leontes. The death of Antigonus is witnessed by a shepherd as a result of this line, which describes an action on the fictitious Bohemian coast. FTP, The Winter’s Tale contains what famous stage directions, which directs the actor to leave the stage in advance of a certain predator?;; (")exit, pursued by a bear(")