;;This man composed an opera in which the title character sings to a tree in the opening aria "Ombra mai fu"; that opera is Xerxes. The final movement of his Suite No. 5 in E Major, "Air and Variations," was supposedly inspired by the sound of a hammer on an anvil, hence its nickname "The Harmonious Blacksmith." He composed the aria "See, the conquering hero comes" for Judas Maccabaeus, and wrote a coronation anthem for George II, Zadok the Priest. For 10 points, name this composer of Water Music and the "Hallelujah" chorus from his oratorio Messiah.;;(Georg) (Friedrich) Handel
;;This author wrote dozens of poems simply titled "To God," while many others were addressed to Julia. Another poem begins "Get up, get up for shame, the blooming morn / Upon her wings presents the god unshorn." This author of "Corinna's Going-A-Maying" and the collection His Noble Numbers also wrote a poem declaring "That age is best which is the first / When youth and blood are warmer." For 10 points, name this author of Hesperides, a Cavalier poet who wrote "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may" in "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time.".;;(Robert) Herrick
;;The video for one of this singer's songs, which asks the title question 140 times, features a color-changing, dancing question mark. "Wuzhannanan'" appears on an album which also includes a song continually reaffirming that this singer is "so dope, boy," and another which exhorts the listener to give him a high five; that album is "Unsigned and Still Major." Another song mentions a number, "six, seven, eight, triple, nine, eight, two, one, two" while his most famous song cites "Rubberband man," "Robocop," and "Superman," and has a dance associated with it. For 10 points, name this rapper known for "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" and "Crank Dat.".;;Soulja Boy (Tell) ('Em)
;;This man was a primary force behind the downfall of the Wafd party, and he was an instructor at the Abbassia academy. He was captured in the Fallujah Pocket along with his brigade despite refusing to surrender, and personally attempted to assassinate Sirri Pasha. He overthrew Muhammad Naguib after leading the Free Officers Movement to overthrow King Farouk. His biggest building project resulted in a lake named after him, and he helped found the Non-Aligned Movement. For 10 points, name this Egyptian prime minister who founded the United Arab Republic, built the Aswan High Damn, and nationalized the Suez Canal.;;(Gamal) (Abdel) Nasser|(Jamal) ('Abd) al(-)Nasir
;;This thinker posits that Satan claims all unredeemed humans in On the Bondage of the Will. Another of his works denies that Extreme Unction and Matrimony are sacraments. He wrote a work displayed prominently at Nuremberg rallies which advocates killing Jews. In addition authoring to On the Jews and their Lies and On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, he said "Here I stand; I can do no other. God help me," while being tried at the Diet of Worms, and translated the Bible into German. For 10 points, name this man who railed against indulgences in the 95 Theses.;;(Martin) Luther
;;This author wrote about a man who can smell through the telephone, whose wife Marie elopes with Zupfner; that man is Hans Schnier from The Clown. He wrote about a war widow Leni and her bastard son Lev who protest the destruction of their Cologne apartment building in Group Portrait with Lady. In another work the title character shoots the journalist Werner Totges. In his most famous work, the bellhop Hugo is adopted by Robert Faehmel, who routinely plays the title game. For 10 points, name this author of The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum, and Billiards at Half Past Nine.;;(Heinrich) Boll
;;This figure's father-in-law kidnapped his mother-in-law Marpessa, and with Lyceus killed Castor. Husband of Idas' daughter Cleopatra, this man killed Hylaeus and Rhaecus, two centaurs who tried to rape his companion. His father Oeneus neglected a sacrifice to Artemis, necessitating one of his later feats. This figure murdered his uncles Toxeus and Plexippus when they opposed his giving a hunting prize to a woman. He died after his mother Althea threw a brand into the fire. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who loved Atalanta and slew the Calydonian Boar.;;Meleager|Melagros
;;This work discusses the names of the dead as "Tabooed Words" and human sacrifice in fire-festivals. It discusses the "Killing of the Tree-Spirit" with reference to a ritual murder governing the succession of Nemi's priesthood of Diana. It includes a chapter on the Corn-spirit as various animals, and compares Attis and Adonis to Osiris. With a discussion of Christian imagery removed in later editions, it was titled after an object used to gain access to the underworld in the Aeneid. For 10 points, name this work of comparative religion and mythology by James Frazer.;;(The) Golden Bough(:) (A) (Study) (in) (Magic) (and) (Religion)
;;This author's protagonist joins Joe Bonecrusher's travelling group after following Joaquin Andieta to San Francisco with the help of acupuncturist Tao Chi'en. This author of City of Beasts wrote about Elizabeth Sommers in Daughter of Fortune, while Paulina adopts Aurora Del Valle in its sequel, Portrait in Sepia. She wrote of a title character who leaves Riad Halabi, has a relationship with Huberto Naranjo, and meets Rolfe Carle, in Eva Luna. She wrote a novel about a clairvoyant Clara Trueba who lives in the title structure. For 10 points, name this Chilean author of The House of the Spirits.;;(Isabel) Allende
;;In one work, this man criticized G. E. Moore's assertion that "here is a hand." Another work spurns philosophers' "craving for generality." Along with On Certainty and The Blue and Brown Books, this man wrote about the "beetle in a box" to advance his private language argument in a work discussing "language games." Another work proposes that "The world is everything that is the case" and "What we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence." For 10 points, name this author of Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.;;(Ludwig) Wittgenstein
;;This nation's largest island is Banggi island, and its Trus Madi Range contains Mount Trus Madi, this nation's second highest peak. The capital of this nation is at the confluence of the Gombak and Klang Rivers, while this nation's highest point is Low's Peak at Mount Kinabalu. Its states include Sabah and Sarawak, both located on an island it shares with Brunei. The Strait of Malacca separates it from India. For 10 points, name this country with capital Kuala Lumpur.;;Malaysia
;;In this modern day country, the territory of the Sukkothai kingdom was conquered by the kingdom centered on Ayutthaya, which had a king with his own royal language and who only royalty could look at. The dictator Phibun allied this nation with Japan. In this country, one king had been a monk for 26 years before opening his kingdom to invite Westerners like Anna Leonowens. That ruler, Mongkut, is part of the Chakri dynasty that still rules today, and he was also one of the nine kings in a direct line to be called Rama. This country expelled Westerners for 150 years during the time when it was called Siam by Europeans. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Bangkok.;;Thailand
;;In one short story by this author, Annie Hovenden's child crushes the mechanical butterfly made by Owen Warland. Another story sees the title scientist rejuvenate a withered rose and discover the fountain of youth. Along with "The Artist of the Beautiful" and "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment," this man wrote about Reverend Hooper, who is buried wearing the title object. In another work, the title character sees his wife Faith meet the devil. For 10 points, name this author of "The Minister's Black Veil" and "Young Goodman Brown", who also wrote The House of the Seven Gables and The Scarlet Letter.;;(Nathaniel) Hawthorne
;;This effect governed by the Stoletov's law was first observed in a spark gap between two brass conductors. Lenard found that increased intensity has no effect on the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted particles, and that it does not occur for red light. Discovered by Hertz in 1865, it was finally explained in terms of photons by Albert Einstein, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics. For 10 points, name this effect in which shining light on a metal surface causes the emission of electrons.;;photoelectric (effect)
;;In this painting, the second floor of a building is painted red and has a row of windows with half-open blinds. There is no visible entrance to the central establishment, inside which there is a yellow door with no doorknob. An advertisement for five-cent Phillies cigars is displayed outside. An employee in a white uniform stoops behind the triangular counter, on which two metal percolators sit. The only patrons are two men in dark suits and a woman in a red dress. For 10 points, name this painting of a lonely diner, by Edward Hopper.;;Nighthawks
;;One scene in this novel sees a character accidentally sliced in two by McWatt, who commits suicide by crashing his plane into a mountain. A fifteen-year-old character has a cat who sleeps on and suffocates a man who claims to be a photographer for a "heap big magazine", Hungry Joe. Its protagonist is chased by Nately's Whore and is profoundly affected by Snowden's death. Milo's company buys all the cotton in Egypt, while an IBM machine glitch gives Major Major Major Major his name in, for 10 points, this novel about Yossarian, written by Joseph Heller.;;Catch(-)22
;;One conflict in this battle saw forces under Stephen van Rensselaer unsuccessfully attack Queenston Heights, leading to the death of defender Isaac Brock. One war simultaneous to this one saw its namesakes' Red Sticks faction attack the southeastern US, the Creek War. This war was sparked by Macon's Bill No. 2, and Tecumseh died during its Battle of the Thames. Its bloodiest battle took place at Lundy's Lane. One side in this war sacked Washington D.C., burning down the White House. For 10 points, name this war in which Andrew Jackson defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans after its official end at the Treaty of Ghent.;;(The) (War) (of) 1812
;;This work's end describes the Spindle of Necessity, and tells of a warrior who recounts his trip through the afterlife in the Myth of Er. In this work, Thrasymachus defines justice as "what is good for the stronger." It discusses the intelligible versus the visible world using the analogy of the divided line, and explains its author's Theory of Forms in a discussion of shackled prisoners who compete to identify shadows, the Allegory of the Cave. It claims that the ideal state should be governed by philosopher-kings. For 10 points, name this Greek philosophical work by Plato.;;(The) Republic
;;This man examined the effect of skyscrapers on urban life in "Vertical City." He asked subjects to forward a package in his small world experiment, leading to the concept of six degrees of freedom. Inspired by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, another experiment he conducted included an actor who played the "learner" and pretended to have a heart condition. Many of his subjects continued increasing the voltage despite the learner's requests to end the experiment. For 10 points, name this Yale psychologist known for his namesake obedience experiment.;;(Stanley) Milgram
;;The head equation is derived from this statement by dividing each term by the acceleration of gravity. It can be derived by integrating Euler's equation. Pitot tubes operate by this principle, which gives rise to the Venturi effect. Resulting from the law of conservation of energy, it follows from the fact that the sum of kinetic and potential energy must remain constant for all points along a streamline. It states that an increase in fluid flow accompanies a decrease in pressure. For 10 points, name this principle that partially explains the lift generated by airfoils.;;Bernoulli's (principle(,)) (law(,)) (equation(,))|(effect)
;;One ruler of this name and number suppressed the Lollards with the support of Thomas Arundrel. Another was assassinated by Francois Ravillac. The latter also won at Ivry and gained power following the Day of the Barricades and the execution of the Duc of Guise. One ruler of this name and number was the son of John of Gaunt and, after fighting unsuccessfully in Lithuania, took the throne while Richard II was fighting in Ireland. Another ruler with this name and number begged Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness outside of Canossa. For 10 points, give the shared name and number of these rulers, including the issuer of the Edict of Nantes who thought Paris was worth a mass.;;Henry IV
;;The acentric and compressibility factors appear in one modification of this result, which can be derived using the divergence and equipartition theorems. A refinement of this law uses the empirical values a and b to account for the volume of particles, and is named for the discoverer of some intermolecular interactions, the van der Waals equation. It is a combination of Avogadro's law, Gay-Lussac's law, Charles' law, and Boyle's law, and is derived via the kinetic theory of its namesake phase of matter. For 10 points, name this law usually stated as PV = nRT.;;ideal gas (law)
;;An early unifier of these people, whose groups included the Ripuarians and Chatti, converted to Christianity after the Battle of Tolbiac. Agnatic succession excluded females from inheriting fiefdoms, as codified in the Salic law governing these people. A succession of "do-nothing" kings governed these people following Dagobert I, and their country was divided into three parts in the Treaty of Verdun. Their Merovingian and Carolingian rulers included Clovis and Charles Martel. For 10 points, name this Germanic people whose rulers also included Charlemagne, the namesake of a country whose cities include Nice and Paris.;;Franks|Frankish (people)
;;This film's protagonist is attacked after touching too many red helicoradians. A self-described "warrior of the jarhead clan," the protagonist becomes the sixth Toruk makto and is aided by Trudy and Norm in his quest to stop Parker Selfridge from mining the unobtanium under the Omaticaya hometree. Neytiri and others communicate by joining their ponytails. Starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, and Sigourney Weaver, this film tells of Jake Sully's interaction with the Na'vi people. For 10 points, name this 2009 James Cameron sci-fi film about the title blue aliens.;;Avatar
;;In one short story by this author, a farmer kills his wife but his brother frames it on Chandara, who is sent to be executed. This author of "Punishment" wrote a novel wherein Sandip convinces Bimala to steal money from her husband Nikhil, The Home and the World. Nandini defies a king who forces the town of Yakshapuri to mine gold in his Red Oleanders. He wrote Amar Shonar Bangla and Jana Gana Mana, the national anthems of Bangladesh and India. For 10 points, name this Nobel laureate and author of the poetry collection Gitanjali.;;(Rabindranath) Tagore
;;The all-black bull Mnevis was a manifestation of this deity, whose soul was represented by the Bennu bird. The grandfather of Geb and Nut, he fathered Tefnut and is either the husband or father of Hathor. In the form of a cat, he repeatedly slays an evil serpent. Riding a barge each night, he would defeat Apep, the demon of darkness, before turning back towards the east. He was sometimes combined with Atum, Horus, or Amun. For 10 points, name Egyptian sun god.;;Ra|Re
;;This state's Pennyroyal Plateau borders the Pottsville Escarpment. Its highest point lies between Harlan and Letcher counties, the Black Mountain, and it contains the longest cave system in the world, its Mammoth Cave National Park. The seat of Fayette County is Lexington, and its western counties were purchased from the Chickasaw Indians by Andrew Jackson. Its eastern portion is intersected by the Cumberland Plateau. This state has a namesake annual horse race held in Louisville. For 10 points, name this southern U.S. "Bluegrass state" with capital Frankfort.;;(Commonwealth) (of) Kentucky
;;This composer's only concerto is for solo violin in D minor. He composed six Humoresques for violin and orchestra, and a piece written for a Jarnefelt drama, Valse Triste. One of his compositions depicts the title character's death by poison arrow in his quest to kill the title animal of one of its movements, "The Swan of Tuonela." Along with the Lemminkainen Suite, he composed a symphonic poem featuring rousing and turbulent music before ending with a serene "Hymn." For 10 points, name this composer of Finlandia.;;(Jean) Sibelius
;;This author describes a "woman with the gorgon touch," in a poem from Double Persephone. Another work tells of a character abandoned by her friends in a ravine, Elaine Risley. In one novel, Marian begins to sympathize with her food and is unable to eat, while another deals with two avid Extinctathon players, Glenn and Snowman. Author of The Edible Woman and Cat's Eye, she also wrote about Luke, Moira, and Serena Joy in a novel set in Gilead. For 10 points, name this Canadian author of Oryx and Crake, who wrote about Offred in The Handmaid's Tale.;;(Margaret) Atwood
;;Before coming to power, this man led an armed landing on the yacht Granma, and his attempt to have his predecessor tried through his Zarpazo petition failed. He made his "History Will Absolve Me" speech after a failed attack on the Moncada barracks, and then went on to lead the 26th of July Movement. Many emigrants left this ruler's country when he opened up the port of Mariel. Along with Camilo Cienfuegos and Che Guevara, he led the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista. For 10 points, name this man who recently handed power over to his brother Raul after ruling for over forty years in Cuba.;;(Fidel) (Alejandro) Castro (Ruz)
;;This deity is identified with the crocodile god Khenty-khety, and tricked his rival into eating semen and raced him in a boat made of fake stone. Conceived either by a golden phallus or by divine fire, he bit off that rival's genitals, explaining why the desert is infertile. His eyes represented the sun and moon, and Wedjat was associated with this god, the patron of the pharaohs. His left eye, a symbol of protection, was torn out by his evil uncle Set. For 10 points, name this falcon-headed Egyptian sky god, a son of Isis and Osiris.;;Horus
;;According to one myth, a founder of this polity used a vessel made of white stone and planted the Tree of Peace. The Peace of Montreal ended one conflict involving this polity, the Beaver War, which also saw its defeat of the Huron. In the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, this polity changed the limit of white settlement and sold the British land between the Ohio and Tennessee Rivers. The Tuscarora nation would later join a polity of this name to become the "Sixth Nation." For 10 points, name these "People of the Longhouse" in modern upstate New York, who had a namesake "Confederacy.".;;Iroquois (Confederacy)
;;This man discussed the impending end of the Christian aion in Answer to Job, and believed that mandalas were a step towards individuation. He wrote about alchemy and religion in one work, and about an "acausal connecting principle" called "synchronicity" in another. This author of Psychological Types introduced the sage, trickster, shadow, animus, and anima, which are collectively termed archetypes. For 10 points, name this psychologist who introduced the terms introvert and extrovert, and proposed that all humanity shares a collective unconscious.;;(Carl) Jung
;;This man wrote that "the point" is to change the way philosophers interpret the world, in his Theses on Feuerbach, and criticized Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in Poverty of Philosophy. This author of the Critique of the Gotha Program wrote about "use-value" versus "exchange value," and stated, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." He claimed that exploitation of workers is the basis of capitalism in Das Kapital, while another work speaks of a "spectre ... haunting Europe." For 10 points, name this German philosopher who, along with Friedrich Engels, wrote The Communist Manifesto.;;(Karl) (Heinrich) Marx
;;This nation fought against France in the Pastry War. Its revolutionaries were defeated in the Battles of Calderon Bridge before it gained independence under the Army of Three Guarantees. Lazaro Cardenas carried out reforms in this nation as a member of a party founded by Plutarco Calles, the PNR. Its first ruler was Agustin de Iturbide, who came to power after an independence movement sparked by the Cry of Dolores, issued by Miguel Hidalgo. Its Revolution featured populist armies led by Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, and began when Francisco Madero overthrew Porfirio Diaz. For 10 points, name this nation led by Antonio de Santa Anna to war against the U.S.;;(Republic) (of) Mexico
;;This singer hopes that one title figure thinks of her "when [he] think[s] happiness," and sings that the addressee of another song "should've thought twice before [he] let it all go." This singer of "Should've Said No," cites "the only thing that keeps [her] wishing on a wishing star" as the reason for the title entities of another song. She compares herself to Juliet in one song, while another states "She wears short skirts, I wear T-shirts." For 10 points, name this pop-country singer of "Teardrops on My Guitar," "Love Story," and "You Belong with Me.".;;(Taylor) Swift
;;Zones 2 through 8 were the "textural range" of this artist's zone system. One of his works shows a field of boulders against a background of Mount Williamson. He made a series of prints depicting everyday life at Manzanar interment camp. Along with Weston and Cunningham, he founded Group f/64. One work shows a small town in the foreground and a white dot in the otherwise black sky, "Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico." He also took photos of El Capitan and Half Dome. For 10 points, name this American photographer of Yosemite National Park.;;(Ansel) Adams
;;Ushant and the Isles of Scilly mark the western entrance of this body of water. The Bay of Saint-Malo and Lyme Bay lie at the ends of its widest point. The Balliwicks of Guernsey and Jersey lie within it, as does the Isle of Wight. Folkestone and Coquelles are linked by an underground tunnel under it. Brittany lies between this body of water and the Bay of Biscay. Connecting the Atlantic Sea and the North Sea, Calais lies near its narrowest point, the Strait of Dover. For 10 points, name this body of water separating France and Britain.;;English Channel|(La) Manche
;;One character in this novel passes gas loudly during Ossenburger's speech. James Castle commits suicide by jumping out of a window. This novel's protagonist uses the name of the janitor Rudolf Schmidt when speaking with Ernest Morrow's mother on the train to New York, and later donates ten dollars to two nuns. The protagonist drops a Little Shirley Beans record after he meets a prostitute named Sunny and is beaten up by Maurice; he had bought that record for his sister Phoebe. For 10 points, name this 1951 novel about Holden Caulfield, by J. D. Salinger.;;(The) Catcher in the Rye
;;This man's reign saw the Bulavin Rebellion and Fedor Golovin's failed Grand Embassy. His half-sister Sophia led a rebellion of soldiers upset with his progressive reforms, the Streltsy Uprising. He divided his nation into eight guberniia, each further divided into uzeda. After working as a shipbuilder in Europe, he captured Azov with his newly-built Imperial Navy. His second wife, Catherine I, took over upon his death, and he won the Battle of Poltava against Charles XII's Sweden in the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this westernizing Russian Tsar who built a new capital city in honor of a saint with whom he shared a name.;;Peter (I|the First){1}?|Peter the Great (of) (Russia)
;;In this novel, one character explains how the tortoise lost his smooth shell after a feast with the birds. In its sequel, a man takes bribes to repay the UPU. In this novel, one character is pursued by Ekwefi when she is taken to Agbala by Chielo. Mr. Brown is replaced with the manipulative Reverend Smith, and Nwoye takes the name Isaac. The Week of Peace is broken by a man who defeated Amalinze the Cat in wrestling. The protagonist kills Ikemefuna and is banished from Umuofia. For 10 points, name this novel about Okonkwo, written by Chinua Achebe.;;Things Fall Apart
;;This composer's sole string quartet, in G minor, was labeled opus 10. He composed a symphonic poem that opens with an ascending and descending flute solo. Other works include Golliwogg's Cakewalk from the Children's Corner suite for solo piano, and the opera Pelleas and Melisande. Known for using whole-tone and pentatonic scales, he composed a piece based on a Paul Verlaine poem, the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque. For 10 points, name this French impressionist composer of Clair de Lune, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and La Mer.;;(Achille(-)Claude) Debussy
;;Budd-Chiari syndrome can affect this structure surrounded by Glisson's capsule. Containing macrophages called Kupffer cells, it synthesizes C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and albumin. Attached to the body wall by the falciform ligament, this organ converts ammonia to urea, stores glycogen, and is fed by the portal vein. The only human internal organ capable of regeneration, its scars cause cirrhosis. High levels of bilirubin cause jaundice, a symptom of injuries to this organ, such as hepatitis. For 10 points, name this organ that detoxifies blood and secretes bile.;;liver
;;This poem mentions a "yellow smoke that slides along the street." The speaker of this poem is "not Prince Hamlet," but only "an attendant lord," and "shall wear the bottoms of [his] trousers rolled," after stating that he has "measured out [his] life with coffee spoons." This poem's speaker wonders "Do I dare / Disturb the universe?" and "Do I dare to eat a peach?" in "the room where women come and go/Talking of Michaelangelo." For 10 points, name this poem that begins "Let us go then, you and I / When the evening is spread out against the sky," by T. S. Eliot.;;(The) Love Song of J(.) Alfred Prufrock
;;In this novel one character mentions that an old man will suffer sunstroke if he walks too slowly, or sweat and catch a chill if he walks too quickly. Another character Salamano laments the loss of his diseased dog, while the protagonist reacquaints himself with Marie Cardona after his mother's funeral. The protagonist writes a break-up letter for his neighbor Raymond Sintes, whose gun he uses to shoot a corpse four times after initially killing the Arab. For 10 points name this novel about Mersault written by Albert Camus.;;(The) Stranger|L'Etranger
;;This book's protagonist drinks an elixir, believing it to have healing powers, making him so sick that he later feels healthy by comparison. The title character steals a barber's basin which he believes to be mythical helmet. A tail-less ape with prophetic powers belongs to Master Peter, who performs a puppet show. Sampson Carrasco disguises himself as the Knight of the White Moon. The protagonist searches for Dulcinea with his faithful horse Rocinante, and fights windmills with his squire Sancho Panza. For 10 points, name this novel by Miguel de Cervantes.;;(The) (Ingenious) (Hidalgo) Don Quixote (of) (La) (Mancha)
;;A 1627 raid on this country saw Barbary pirates sell 242 of its inhabitants into slavery in the Turkish Abductions. Visited in the 8th century by Irish papars, the 13th century saw a period of civil war in this country between Kolbeinn and Gissur Thorvaldsson, the Sturlung Era. Afterwards it lost its independence via the signing of the Old Covenant. Jon Sigurdsson led this nation to full independence in 1944. A 10th century parliament in this nation was called the Althing. For 10 points, name this European island nation with capital Reykjavik.;;(Republic) (of) Iceland
;;This condition may result from a deletion in the COMT gene, which normally inactivates catecholamines. The mesolimbic pathway of affected individuals exhibits increased dopamine activity. Its name was coined by Eugen Bleuler to replace Kraepelin's earlier term, "dementia praecox." One type is characterized by flat affect and disorganized thoughts, another by waxy flexibility or stupor, and a third type by hallucinations and delusions. For 10 points, name this psychiatric disorder with catatonic and paranoid types, whose name means "split mind.".;;schizophrenia
;;In this novel, the protagonist's lack of manners is made clear while eating an avocado and crab salad at a banquet. The protagonist is raped by the "woman-hating" Marco after Doreen takes her to a dance in the city. The protagonist, who stays at Dr. Nolan's hospital funded by Philomena Guinea, gets cheated on by Buddy Willard. She arrives in New York after gaining a summer internship under Jay Cee, and feels entrapped by the title object, leading to her multiple suicide attempts. For 10 points, name this novel about Esther Greenwood, by Sylvia Plath.;;(The) Bell Jar
;;This politician's vice president was Francisco Santander, and he led a state whose divisions included Cundinamarca. This man wrote a "Reply … to a Gentleman of" the title island in his Letter from Jamaica. He brought back an exiled Francisco Miranda. A Spanish army surrendered to him at the Battle of Boyaca, and the Battle of Pichincha was won with the help of Antonio de Sucre. He blamed the fall of the First Republic on a weak government in his Cartagena Manifesto, and assembled a congress at Angostura. For 10 points, name this Liberator of much of South America, the namesake of a country with capitals at La Paz and Sucre.;;(Simon) Bolivar
;;This character revealed his dual identities to Happy Hogan. In the original story, he was captured in Vietnam; later, the story was ret-conned to his being captured in the first Gulf War, and then to being captured in Afganistan. He was aided by Ho Yinsen in his escape. Once, when he was unable to continue with his duties, his African-American friend took over for him and later became War Machine. For 10 points, name this superhero who uses his suit of nanomachines to fight supervillains like Obediah Stane and the Mandarin.;;Tony Stark|Iron Man
;;Activation-induced cytidine de·amin·ase regulates these entities' diversification in somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. RAG-1 and RAG-2 are involved in V(D)J recombination of genes coding for them. These proteins contain Fc and Fab fragments composed of two heavy and two light chains. One of their five isotypes triggers histamine release in allergic responses. They identify foreign objects and cause agglutination. Produced by plasma B cells, they are essential to the humoral immune system. For 10 points, name these Y-shaped proteins that bind to antigens.;;antibodies|immunoglobulins
;;This artist depicted rifles, a rabbit, and a bird in Still Life with Lobsters, and in another painting a woman kneels on a slanted stone slab with her arms half-raised. This painter of Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi also painted a scene from the Inferno in Barque of Dante. The title king watches as his concubines are murdered in his Death of Sardanapalus. Another work of his shows a young boy with two pistols next to a bare-breasted woman waving a tricolor flag. For 10 points, name this French painter of Massacre at Chios and Liberty Leading the People.;;(Eugene) Delacroix
;;This author's books include The Naval War of 1812 and a four-volume history of American westward expansion, The Winning of the West. His vice president was Charles Fairbanks, and he oversaw the passage of railroad regulations such as the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act as part of his "Square Deal." He negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth that ended the Russo-Japanese War, and also names a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. In 1912, he split the Republican vote with William Howard Taft on the Bull Moose ticket. For 10 points, name this man who became president after the assassination of William McKinley, and who led a charge on San Juan Hill with his Roughriders.;;Theodore Roosevelt
;;One of these figures was imprisoned from the age of four, and impressed his fellow prisoners with his religious devotion. His father, also one of these, has a shrine devoted to him in Askari. One sect believes that these figures, all directly related to each other, were the infallible spiritual successors to Muhammad. Twelver Shi'ism holds that one of these people was hidden in the Occultation, and will eventually return as the Mahdi. Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, was one of these. For 10 points, name this position of leadership in Islam.;;Imams
;;This author wrote about Filiberto, who drowns in a flood after the title statue of a rain god is placed in his basement, in "Chac Mool." He wrote about General Llorente's memoirs, which lead Felipe Montero to discover that the title character is a projection of the 109-year-old Consuelo, in Aura. This author of Christopher Unborn fictionalized the last days of Ambrose Bierce in The Old Gringo. He wrote about the title character's retelling of his experiences in the Mexican Revolution from his deathbed. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Death of Artemio Cruz.;;(Carlos) Fuentes
;;One thinker associated with this concept wrote about the "seven modes of the encompassing," and another wrote about I-it and I-thou relationships. Associated with Karl Jaspers and Martin Buber, this school of philosophy has a "feminist" type espoused by the author of The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir. One thinker wrote about its concept of "bad faith" in Being and Nothingness. Its concept of Dasein was introduced in Being and Time, by Martin Heidegger. For 10 points, name this school of philosophy espoused by Jean-Paul Sartre, primarily concerned with the individual person's existence.;;existentialism
;;This man's Brno chair sits in a house of his design with a translucent onyx wall, the Villa Tugendhat. He designed a pair of high-rise apartment buildings in Chicago, the Lake Shore Drive towers. With a style characterized by exposed metal and glass elements, this architect designed the Farnsworth House. He co-designed a skyscraper with window blinds that only have three positions, and non-structural bronze-toned I-beams, and which contains the Four Seasons Restaurant. For 10 points, name this German architect who said "less is more" and co-designed the Seagram building.;;(Ludwig) Mies (van) (der) (Rohe)
;;This incident was precipitated by the activities of Operation Mongoose, and saw the downing of a U-2 from Dvina fire. The UN secretary-general U Thant was used as a go-between in negotiations, and afterwards the Hotline Agreement was signed. It saw a blockade to prevent shipments, and it ended with the withdrawal of weapons from Italy and Turkey as well as the namesake country. Sparked by the construction of several weapons deployment sites, for 10 points name this incident precipitated by Fidel Castro's rise to power, which occurred in 1962.;;Cuban Missile (Crisis)
;;This man wrote about Saint Catherine and Maximinus in Tyrannic Love, and Leonidas becomes king and marries Palmyra in another work. This author wrote "No lovers lived so great, or died so well," which ends a work based on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. He defended Catholicism in "The Hind and the Panther." This author of Marriage a la Mode parodied Thomas Shadwell in one work. He wrote a poetic allegory of the Monmouth Rebellion and Popish Plot, using two Biblical characters. For 10 points, name this author of All for Love, MacFlecknoe, and Absalom and Achitophel.;;(John) Dryden
;;The losing side in this conflict sunk the container ship Atlantic Conveyor with an Exocet missile strike, two days after the sinking of the General Belgrano. Operation Black Buck was conducted on the mainland of one belligerent in this conflict, which was led by Leopoldo Galtieri. Thirteen bombs failed to detonate, saving the British from defeat during the landing at San Carlos Bay. Later, a British company attacked Darwin and Goose Green. For 10 points, name this conflict in which Argentina attacked a namesake archipelago with capital at Stanley.;;Falkland Islands (War)|Malvinas (War)|South Atlantic (War)
;;This man characterized social facts as exerting "coercive power." He wrote about organic versus mechanical solidarity and defined religion as that which classifies things as sacred or profane. This author of The Rules of the Sociological Method and Elementary Forms of Religious Life coined a term for the breakdown of norms in The Division of Labor in Society. Another work comments on differing rates of the title phenomenon among Catholics and Protestants, dividing it into fatalistic, altruistic, egotistic, and anomic types. For 10 points, name this French sociologist, author of Suicide.;;(Émile) Durkheim
;;Stan Musial's last hit went by the outstretched glove of this man, whose first major league hit came off Bob Friend. In 1966 he hit a career-high 16 home runs. This man reportedly got his nickname when Whitey Ford claimed that he "hustled" to catch uncatchable Mickey Mantle home runs. In the 1970 All-Star Game, this player barreled over Ray Fosse, ending the latter's career, while in 1978 he had a 44-game hitting streak. For 10 points, name this former Cincinnati Reds player, the all-time career leader in hits who was banned from baseball for gambling.;;(Peter) (Charlie) (Hustle) Rose
;;This author wrote about Henry Hutton and a "malignantly, criminally ugly" Janet Spence in "The Gioconda Smile," from his collection Mortal Coils. In one novel, which takes its title from Samson Agonistes, Mark Staithes loses a leg in America with Anthony Beavis. He wrote about Walter Bidlake's affair with Marjorie. Along with Eyeless in Gaza and Point Counter Point, he wrote about Denis Stone visiting Henry Wimbush's title estate in Crome Yellow. Bernard Marx brings John the Savage to the World State in, for 10 points, what author's Brave New World?.;;(Aldous) Huxley
;;Anisotropic velocity distributions in these substances give rise to Weibel instabilities. Long-range interactions within them are modeled by the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. Quarks and gluons compose one type of these substances, which screen out electric fields up to the Debye length. They comprise 95% of the visible universe and comprise the solar wind. In a common application, these substances are found in phosphor-coated cells containing xenon or neon gas. Found in fire, lightning, stars, and a certain type of TV display, for 10 points, name this state of matter consisting of ionized gas.;;plasma
;;This figure spent time in Gargara, near Mount Ida in Phrygia. His brother turned into a cricket after gaining immortality but not eternal youth. This figure was made into a constellation associated with Aquila. When his father Tros grieved for him, Hermes delivered some creatures who could run on water, a pair of immortal horses. Abducted by Zeus in the form of an eagle, he was the brother of Tithonus, and succeeded Hebe in her position on Mt. Olympus. For 10 points, name this Trojan youth who served as the cupbearer to the gods.;;Ganymede
;;This man was subject to an attack campaign about his supposed use of gold spoons to dine. He advocated for the return of slaves to Spain after the rebellion on La Amistad. His tenure saw a raid led by Allan MacNab that resulted in the death of Amos Durfee, the Caroline affair. He engineered the Bucktails political machine, and was known as the Little Magician for exploiting the system. His term also saw the Aroostook War with Great Britain. He was the leader of the Albany Regency, and the first president born as an American citizen. For 10 points, name this man who later ran on the Free Soil party ticket, the 8th president of the U.S. and successor to Andrew Jackson.;;(Martin) van Buren
;;In A Theory of the Consumption Function, this man posited that economic decisions are based on expected future income rather than current income, his permanent income hypothesis. With Edmund Phelps, he developed the concept of a natural rate of unemployment. This critic of the Philips curve collaborated with Anna Schwartz on A Monetary History of the United States. This author of Capitalism and Freedom supported freely-floating exchange rates and long-run monetary neutrality, becoming the leader of the monetarist school. For 10 points, name this Chicago School economist.;;(Milton) Friedman
;;This composer included the tooting of a factory whistle in his Second Symphony, while another symphony's final movement opens with a flute duet over a B flat pedal bass, and denounces anti-Semitism.  He wrote an opera about Zinoviy and Katerina Izmailov, and a symphony including a "march" repeated 12 times and a quotation from Deutschland Über Alles. This composer of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District returned to classical models and regained favor with his Fifth Symphony. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the "Babi Yar" and "Leningrad" Symphonies.;;(Dmitri) Shostakovich
;;In a short story by this author, John Philip Johnson performs good deeds while his wife wreaks havoc. The Blackwood family stays in the title location after arsenic is mixed with fruit in a novel by this author of "One Ordinary Day with Peanuts." Another novel sees Eleanor Vance crash her car after trying to leave the title location. This author of We Have Always Lived in the Castle and The Haunting of Hill House wrote about Tess Hutchinson being stoned to death by the town on the day of the title event. For 10 points name this author of "The Lottery".;;(Shirley) Jackson
;;This geographical feature was once home to its continent's only native bear species, now extinct. Containing the Draa valley, its "Tell" subrange contains the Er-Rif region, while its "Anti" range connects to the "High" range via Mount Siroua. Its eastern portion, home to the Chelif river valley, is populated by Berbers. With its highest peak at Jbeb Toubkal, 60 kilometers south of Marrakesh, it is bordered to the south by the Sahara Desert. For 10 points, name this mountain range spanning Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, named after a Greek titan who held up the sky.;;Atlas (Mountains)
;;This man became Secretary of State by being a favorite of the queen's most powerful minister, Concino Cocinni. The backing of his king allowed him to retain power after almost being dismissed by the queen mother on the Day of the Dupes, which occurred while tensions caused by the Thirty Years War were at a breaking point. He also instigated the Siege of La Rochelle and was originally supported by Marie di Medici. For 10 points, name this man who held the power behind Louis XIII, a cardinal.;;(Armand) (Jean) du Pless (de) (Richelieu)|(Cardinal(-)Duc) (de) Richelieu
;;The Sabine Free State was created as a result of this agreement, whose major causes included the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso and the failed Saint-Dominique expedition. The Marquis de Barbe-Marbois was one leader of negotiations to this agreement. William C. C. Claiborne governed territories affected by this agreement, which theoretically extended to Rupert's Land. Preceded by a successful Haitian slave revolt, it was not supported by Talleyrand. It resulted from Napoleon's abandonment of plans for an American empire. For 10 points, name this acquisition of territory by Thomas Jefferson.;;Louisiana Purchase
;;This man discusses the "analytic of finitude" in a work which begins with a discussion of Las Meninas. In another work, he discusses the concept of episteme. In addition to The Order of Things and The Archeology of Knowledge, this philosopher wrote of the hypocrisy of modern psychiatry. He wrote about the "medical gaze" in Birth of the Clinic. This author of Madness and Civilization advocated the "unequal gaze" afforded by Bentham's Panopticon prison. For 10 points, name this French author of Discipline and Punish, who has a namesake pendulum.;;(Michel) Foucault
;;According to legend, this country was discovered by Kupe the Navigator. Its namesake Association sent the Tory to survey it. The Wairau massacre in this nation touched off a rebellion led by Hone Heke, the Flagstaff War. Its inhabitants defeated Duncan Cameron's forces at the Battle of Gate Pa, part of the Tauranga Campaign. Robert FitzRoy was unable to quell the natives under Te Rauparaha in this nation. His predecessor, William Hobson, drafted a treaty that made it a British colony, the Treaty of Waitangi. For 10 points, name this home of the Maori, an island nation east of Australia.;;New Zealand|Aotearoa
;;These substances exhibit Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger [oh-ZHAY] recombination. One type has a temperature dependence governed by Fermi-Dirac statistics. The intrinsic type has a small but non-zero band gap between the valence and conduction bands. Charge carriers in these materials include both electrons and holes. Their Fermi levels change after adding boron or phosphorous impurities through doping, producing their p and n types. Used in diodes and solar panels, some examples include germanium and silicon. For 10 points, name these materials with conductivities between those of conductors and non-conductors.;;semiconductors
;;This novel's protagonist gets kicked out of his home, and has his money stolen by his friend Black George, who later helps him send a letter hidden inside a chicken. The main character has an affair with Molly Seagrim before finding her with Mr. Square. Arabella Hunt proposes marriage to this novel's main character, who is in love with another character nearly raped by Lord Fellamar because of the malicious Lady Bellaston. The title character, discovered by Squire Allworthy, fights with Bilfil over Sophia Western. For 10 points, name this novel about a foundling, by Henry Fielding.;;(The) (History) (of) Tom Jones(,) (a) (Foundling)
;;One battle at this site was lost by a commander shot through the eye, Samrat Hemu. Another battle at this site saw the defeat of Sadashivrao at the hands of the Durrani Empire, which destroyed much of the Maratha cavalry. The most notable battle at this site saw the successful use of wheeling tactics against the losing side's deserting mercenary army. For 10 points, name this site of the 1556 battle in which Hindus rebels were defeated by Akbar, as well as the 1526 battle which saw the destruction of the Delhi Sultanate of Ibrahim Lodi at the hands of Babur, which established Mughal rule in India.;;(Battle) (of) Panipat|Panduprastha
;;In one novel by this man, Ka travels to a town to investigate a wave of schoolgirl suicides. In another novel, the Hoja switches identities with his Italian slave after his invention fails to defend the title structure. This author named Shevket's brother after himself in another work, which alludes to the story of Husrev and Shirin. Esther the Jewess delivers Black's love letters to Shekure in his novel centering on the murder of the miniaturist Elegant Effendi. Author of The White Castle, Snow, and My Name is Red, for 10 points, name this Turkish Nobel Laureate.;;(Orhan) Pamuk
;;During this event, J.A. Potter was hanged in effigy. In response to this event, 300 men led by Frederick Heinde were hired to attack the offending group, led by Hugh O'Donnell. Alexander Berkman attempted an assassination in retaliation for actions during this event. Governor Robert Pattison called the state militia to intervene when the aforementioned Pinkerton Detectives surrendered. The Knights of Labor marched alongside the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers in, for 10 points, what 1892 strike at the Carnegie Steel Company in a town near Pittsburgh?.;;Homestead (Strike)
;;Under duress, one character in this opera reveals that her secret is "love" in the aria "Tu che di gel sei sinta." Earlier, the male lead sings to that character, telling her "Non piangere." The title character's name is the answer to her third riddle. That title character says "Death is one!" and sings about avenging her ancestress in "In questa reggia." In the final act, Liu stabs herself, and Prince Calaf sings about "the stars that tremble with love and hope" and exclaims "Nobody shall sleep!" in the aria "Nessun dorma." For 10 points, name this opera about the title Chinese princess by Giocomo Puccini.;;Turandot
;;Dennis Flange meets a midget girl in a dump in this author's "Low-Lands." Callisto warms a bird with body heat only for it to die during a chaotic party held by Meatball Mulligan, in his story "Entropy" from the collection Slow Learner. He wrote about Grigori, a giant intelligent octopus, and of the Whole Sick Crew and Herbert Stencil's search for the title entity. He wrote about Oedipa Maas's search for the meaning of Trystero, while his most famous work includes characters like Roger Mexico and Tyrone Slothrop. For 10 points, name this author of V., The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow.;;(Thomas) Pynchon
;;One of this religion's holy texts numbers Search, Unity, and Wonderment among its "Seven Valleys." It observes a 12-day festival commemorating a visit to the Naji·biy·yih garden, called Ridvan. A Ten Year Crusade was launched by its Guardian. Its calendar has 19 months of 19 days each, and its symbol is a 9-pointed star. It is governed from the Universal House of Justice in Haifa. Its scriptures include the Kitab-i-Aqdas and the Book of Certitude. For 10 points, name this monotheistic Persian religion observed by Shoghi Effendi, whose prophets include the Bab and Baha'u'llah.;;Baha'i
;;This author wrote about Colonel Vorontsev in August 1914, part of his series The Red Wheel. In one of his works, the title peasant woman is crushed to death between a locomotive and a tractor. In another work, Gleb Nerzhin turns down a position in a cryptography group. This author of Matryona's Home and The First Circle also wrote about Aleksei Shulubin and Oleg Kostoglotov, patients in the title Uzbek hospital, in Cancer Ward. He also wrote about Tzesar and Alyosha, fellow inmates of one of his title characters. For 10 points, name this author of The Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.;;(Aleksandr) Solzhenitsyn
;;This nation was defeated at Maychew following the failure of the Christmas Offensive. This nation was liberated with the aid of a force led by Lord Wingate, and suffered greatly during the Wollo Famine. Mengistu Mariam unleashed the "Red Terror" campaign in this country once it was taken over by the Dergue. This nation had previously expelled a force led by Oreste Baratieri at the battle of Adowa, staving off Italian colonization. It was ruled by king Menelik II, and a king who was succeeded by a Soviet-backed junta. For 10 points, name this nation once ruled by Haile Selassie, which fought against Eritrea and has a capital at Addis Adaba.;;(Federal) (Democratic) (Republic) (of) Ethiopia
;;This man wrote a novel set in a future where nuclear bombs have been set off by rodents, The Rat. Simon Dach leads a group of intellectuals into the title town at the end of the 30 Years' War in his The Meeting at Telgte. This man wrote about a protagonist who claims to have read the pages he tore out of Elective Affinities as a toddler. That protagonist receives the title object as a birthday gift and refuses to grow up past the age of 3, joining a gang of midgets in the process. For 10 points, name this author of the Danzig Trilogy, which includes The Tin Drum.;;(Gunter) Grass
;;This nation experienced widespread unrest following the overthrow of Edward Mutesa II, and was once ruled by the Kitara Empire. Before independence, its ruler was Benedicto Kiwanuka, who was replaced by its namesake Peoples Congress party. Tito Okello led a coup in this nation and ruled for six months before his overthrow by its current ruler, Yoweri Museveni. Yonatan, the son of Binyamin Netanyahu, died in this nation while commanding Operation Entebbe. Formerly led by Milton Obote, for 10 points, name this nation also ruled by Idi Amin.;;(Republic) (of) Uganda
;;The title character serves in Reverend Soulis's manse in this author's "Thrawn Janet," from The Merry Men. Keawe sells a container with an inexhaustible supply of whiskey in his The Bottle Imp. He wrote about a protagonist who marries James More's daughter after Alan Breck Stewart is falsely convicted of the Appin murder, in Catriona. He wrote of James Durie joining the Jacobite Uprising, and of Captain Hoseason purchasing David Balfour. In another novel of his, Jim Hawkins meets Long John Silver. For 10 points, who wrote The Master of Ballantrae, Kidnapped, and Treasure Island?.;;(Robert) (Louis) Stevenson
;;In fluid dynamics, this man's namesake equations govern inviscid flow. He names a formula for the distance between a triangle's incenter and circumcenter. In topology, his namesake characteristic, chi, is the number of vertices, minus edges, plus faces, which for a polyhedron is always 2. The number of smaller natural numbers coprime to a given natural number is this man's totient function. His namesake circuit is a solution to the Bridges of Konigsberg problem, and his namesake formula states that e to the ix equals cis x ["sis ecks"]. For 10 points, name this 18th century Swiss mathematician.;;(Leonhard) Euler
;;Ancient Sanskrit ones have reduplicating and sigmatic aorist forms. In Kurdish and Basque, alignment of their arguments is ergative-absolutive. In Semitic languages, many have three-consonant roots. Latin ones have two supine forms and may be deponent. Linking ones are called copulas, and their non-finite forms include participles and gerunds. Commonly existing in indicative and subjunctive moods, they may be conjugated for voice and tense. For 10 points, name this part of speech expressing a state of being, occurrence, or action.;;verbs
;;This band sings of "buying hot dogs and wine" in "Is That You Mo Dean?", while another song mentions "Taco Tiki Hut" and "Chandalabra ... in a wonderbra." This band of Cosmic Thing and Funplex sings about "glitter on the mattress" in the title place, which is "where it's at." Another song claims that you're "underground like a wild potato." This band of "Love Shack" and "Private Idaho" sings that "everybody had matching towels" as the title object is found under a dock. For 10 points, name this New Wave band behind "Rock Lobster.".;;(The) B(-)52s
;;This protein is stained blue by Masson's trichrome, and its cleaved ends can act as a marker to estimate the rate of its synthesis. Deficiency of it results in osteo·genesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease. Patients with scurvy cannot properly perform its synthesis, which requires a cofactor, vitamin C. About one sixth of it consists of proline and one third consists of glycine, which helps it form a stable triple helix. It can be processed to form gelatin. For 10 points, name this most abundant protein in mammals, a major component of tendons, cartilage, bones, and skin.;;collagen
;;This man wrote a play where Lamberto Laudisi stays aloof as the others investigate a scandal involving Mr. Ponza and Mrs. Frola. He wrote a novel where the title character fakes his death twice. This author of Right You Are (If You Think You Are) and The Late Mattia Pascal wrote about a man who feigns madness after falling off a horse in Enrico IV. In his most famous play, Madame Pace runs a brothel where the Stepdaughter works, while the Son commits suicide after the Child drowns. For 10 points, name this Italian playwright of Six Characters in Search of  an Author.;;(Luigi) Pirandello
;;This man designed a building with undulating rows of windows and wavy lines running across the whole facade. In 2007, this designer of the Weisman Art Museum and the Dancing House in Prague was sued for defective design on Building 32, the Ray and Maria Stata Center, at MIT. Another of his buildings has a monorail running through it, the Experience Music Project in Seattle, which, along with the Walt Disney Concert Hall, exemplifies his iconic shiny, curved metal-clad exterior walls. For 10 points, name this architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.;;(Frank) Gehry
;;This statement's anisotropic form can be expressed using Voigt notation with 6 by 6 compliance and stiffness matrices. It can also be stated using Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. This equation only applies up to the yield strength for linearly elastic materials and gives a linear relationship between stress and strain. It contains the spring constant k as the constant of proportionality between force and displacement. Stated as "F equals negative kx," for 10 points, name this law of elasticity that describes the restorative force of a stretched spring.;;Hooke's (law)
;;For violinist Pablo de Sarasate, this composer wrote Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, which mimics Spanish dance music. One of his symphonic poems features a scordatura violin with the E-string tuned down a half-step, so that the resulting tritone represents "Death." He wrote a piece using xylophones to evoke the image of skeletons playing cards, in the movement "Fossils." He dedicated his Organ Symphony to Franz Liszt, and wrote a Cello Concerto No. 1 in A minor. For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre and Carnival of the Animals.;;(Charles(-)Camille) Saint(-)Saens
;;This author wrote about the Professor, who owns the Aksident Store and looks for the "Word" in The Road. Goyi, Cripple, Blindman and Aafaa wager body parts in a dice game, in his Madmen and Specialists. He wrote a play in which Omae dies in childbirth and Sunma is sacrificed for the community. In one work, Lakunle and chief Baroka court Sidi. In another, Simon Pilkings interrupts ritual suicide and Olunde's dead body prompts Elesin Oba to strangle himself with chains. For 10 points, name this Nigerian author of The Lion and the Jewel and Death and the King's Horseman.;;(Wole) Soyinka
;;This country's Orumieh Lake is in danger of drying up, while the nearby Anzali Lagoon in the Gilan region is also ecologically threatened. Cities in this country include Mashhad, a holy city in its Razavi Khorasan Province. A mountain range here is home to Mt. Dena and Zard Kuh, the Zagros Mountains. One strait south of this country has 40% of all oil shipments go through it. That strait, the Strait of Hormuz, is shared with Oman and the UAE. For 10 points, name this country with major cities such as Esfahan and Tehran.;;(Islamic) (Republic) (of) Iran
;;In the third Syrian campaign, this leader led attacks on the cities of Jerusalem and Jericho, reestablishing his nation's sphere of influence in Syria. The Sed festival honored this ruler's deification. He completed some building projects begun by his father Seti and signed a peace treaty with Hattusili III after winning a battle in which the main Hittite army was secretly hidden behind the fortress of Kadesh. He commissioned statues of himself at Abu Simbel, as well as a temple for his wife Nefertari. For 10 points, name this "great" Egyptian pharaoh.;;Ramses (II|the Great|the Second){1}?
;;In this novel, the protagonist's spouse calls Dr. Mandelet to diagnose the protagonist's odd behavior. The protagonist is moved by the piano playing of a her friend, Madamoiselle Reisz, and later stays with Adele Ratignolle as she goes into labor, even though she finds it tortuous. After the protagonist's husband Leonce leaves for New York on business, she has an affair with Alcee Arobin and later drowns at sea after losing Robert Lebrun. For 10 points, name this novel about Edna Pontellier, by Kate Chopin.;;(The) Awakening
;;Grignard reagents can be dissolved in one of these, THF, and a five-membered aromatic one is called furan. Compounds of this type with a triangular ring are called epoxides. Phase transfer catalysis makes use of one oligo·mer·ic type which forms coordination complexes. Their synthesis occurs in an SN2 reaction of an alkoxide ion with an alkyl halide. With a ring-shaped "crown" type, their synthesis reaction is named after Williamson. For 10 points, name these organic compounds with two R groups bonded to an oxygen atom, whose diethyl type is a solvent and anesthetic.;;ethers
;;This author wrote about prostitutes crying during Constance's confirmation, and about a lawyer who inherits money from Leon Marechal. Along with "Madame Tellier's Establishment" and Pierre et Jean, he wrote of a title character who makes bombs out of teapots and is stabbed by a prostitute who hides in a bell tower. In another work, a rotund woman sleeps with a Prussian officer. Author of "Mademoiselle Fifi" and "Boule de Suif," he wrote about Mathilde Loisel repaying Madame Forestier for the title object which turns out to be fake. For 10 points, name this author of "The Necklace.".;;(Guy) (de) Maupassant
;;This polity's eastern border includes Caddo Lake. Van Zandt County contains a large salt deposit near Grand Saline, while the Edwards Plateau lies within its Blackland Praries region. Its north-eastern border is defined by a tributary of the At·chafa·laya and Mississippi Rivers, the Red River. The Brazos flows through this state on Louisiana's western border, and its Big Bend region lies near an international border. Its Coastal Bend region includes Beaumont, Galveston, Corpus Christi, and the seat of Harris County, Houston. For 10 points, name this second-largest U.S. state with capital Austin.;;Texas
;;One piece by this composer tells of a modest lady who "blindfolds herself when taking a bath," and includes numerous repetitions of the word "circle" as well as random strings of numbers. Another of his operas has three acts titled after Tolstoy, Tagore, and King. "Prematurely Air-Conditioned Supermarket," "Mr. Bojangles," and five knee plays are movements in this composer's opera paying homage to a physicist, part of his "Portrait Trilogy." For 10 points, name this American minimalist composer of Satyagraha, Akhenaten, and Einstein on the Beach.;;(Philip) Glass
;;Battles in this war included invasions of Corrientes and the Campaign of Lomas Valentinas. This conflict was instigated by intervention in an election between the Blancos and Colorados. One side's capital was captured by the duke of Caxias. In the beginning of this war, Francisco Solano Lopez ordered an invasion of Mato Grosso. The decisive engagement in this war was Riachuelo, during which the loser's navy was routed, allowing for the allies to maintain control of the Rio de la Plata. For 10 points, name 1860s war lost by Paraguay to the namesake entity, which consisted of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.;;(War) (of) (the) Triple Alliance
;;This author wrote about a Marxist, who is released from prison and murdered in a cemetery. Said Mahran appears in his The Thief and the Dogs. In another of his novels, the title character points to a mansion and declares it the house of his ancestors, and treats his son Adam better than Moses, Jesus and Muhammad. This author of Children of Gebelawi wrote about Ahmad Abdel Gawad's family in the novels Palace Walk, Palace of Desire and Sugar Street. For 10 points, name this Egyptian author of "The Cairo Trilogy.".;;(Naguib) Mahfouz
;;This man spread a story about marmots digging up gold dust, and much of the information about him comes from the Suda. He chronicled the Ionian revolt in one of his works, and in Books I through IV of that work he outlines the creation of the Persian empire. Branded the "Father of Lies," his more famous title was conferred upon him by Cicero. Never claiming truth to his statements, for 10 points, identify this author of The Histories, a work about the Persian invasion of Greece, who was called the "Father of History.".;;Herodotus (of) (Halicarnassus)
;;One song on this album begins with an atypical B flat major 7 flat 5 chord, while another has only seventh chords and uses a flat sixth instead of the standard fifth on the turnaround. That track, "All Blues," has heavy usage of bassist Paul Chambers. One song on this album is set entirely in the Dorian mode and popularized the 32-bar form. Its pianist Bill Evans co-wrote "Flamenco Sketches." Musicians on this album include Cannonball Adderley and John Coltrane. For 10 points, name this 1959 album containing "So What" and "Freddie Freeloader" by Miles Davis.;;(Answer(:)) Kind of Blue
;;In one novel by this man, Congo gets rich as a bootlegger and Bud Korpening commits suicide. John Oglethorpe and later George Baldwin marry Ellen Thatcher, who divorced Jimmy Herf, in one of his novels. He satirized Huey Long in his novel Number One, part of the District of Columbia trilogy, while the most famous series by this author of Manhattan Transfer is made up of "Camera Eye" sections and "Newsreels." For 10 points, name this author of The 42nd Parallel, 1919 and The Big Money, which make up his U.S.A Trilogy.;;(John) Dos Passos
;;The drafting of this document was catalyzed by memorials presented on the same day by John Holmes and John Scott, and it was proposed by Jesse Thomas. A proposed amendment to this document asked for children of slaves to be freed after the age of 25, but it was passed without this Tallmadge Amendment. It was eventually repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, and was declared unconstitutional by the Dred Scott case. For 10 points, name this agreement passed in 1820 under Henry Clay's leadership that admitted Maine and the namesake state, banning slavery below its southern boundary.;;Missouri Compromise
;;One figure in this painting, identified by Mary Hervey, wears a golden medallion on a knotted chain. In addition to a silver crucifix in the top left, it shows two musical instruments: one face-down and hidden in shadow, and another with a broken string. In addition to those two lutes, this painting features a quadrant, sundial, and celestial globe on top of a Persian rug covering the top shelf. Featuring the background of a green curtain, and an anamorphic skull in the bottom center, for 10 points, name this portrait of two foreign emissaries visiting London, by Hans Holbein the Younger.;;(The) (French) Ambassadors|(The) (Two) Ambassadors
;;This film's protagonist claims to know who stole a cop's bicycle last Thursday. In a series of flashbacks, he poses as a dishwasher, steals shoes at a tourist attraction, and is almost blinded by Maman. The female lead runs through a train station wearing a yellow tunic, and during the finale she wears a yellow scarf. During the this film's climax, Salim is shot dead in a bathtub full of cash while the title chai-wallah correctly guesses the name of the third musketeer. Jamal loves Latika in, for 10 points, what 2008 Best Picture about the winner of an Indian game show?.;;Slumdog Millionaire
;;This country's Protestant reformation was led by Mikael Agricola. This nation was invaded in the Greater and Lesser Wraths, and was forced back to its defensive VT line in the Battle of Tali-Ihantala. As a grand duchy, this country's capital was originally at Turku. This nation fought the Continuation War after losing parts of Karelia, and threw the first Molotov cocktails at Soviet invaders under Gustav Mannerheim in the Winter War. For 10 points, name this non-Indo-European speaking Baltic nation with capital Helsinki.;;(Republic) (of) Finland
;;Under Manthara's influence, this figure's mother forced him into 14 years of exile and made Bharata regent in his place. Born nine days after Dasaratha gave sacred nectar to this figure's mother Kaikeyi, he was aided against the king of the Rakshasas by Sugriva. This king of Ayodhya made his wife climb a funeral pyre to prove her purity after saving her from Ravana. He built a bridge to Sri Lanka with the help of an army of monkeys, to rescue his wife Sita. For 10 points, name this seventh avatar of Vishnu, subject of a namesake Indian epic.;;Rama|Ramachandra
;;This man wrote a poem about a woman who would "rather take you to her bed / Than let you see her dress her Head" in "Phillis, or the Progress of Love." This author of "The Progress of Beauty" wrote as "M. B. Draupier" to protest William Wood's copper coinage. Another work has a digression about a spider and a bee, The Battle of the Books. He wrote about Peter, Martin and Jack each inheriting a coat. He also suggested that eating children was the way to go.  For 10 points, name this author of A Tale of a Tub and A Modest Proposal who wrote about Lilliputians in Gulliver's Travels.;;(Jonathan) Swift
;;Inclusion-cell disease is caused by a defect in these structures, resulting from faulty mannose phosphor·ylation. Substances bound for these organelles are marked by mannose-6-phosphate. They bud off from the trans-golgi network and are found only in eukaryotic cells. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by the malfunction of an enzyme contained in these organelles. They fuse with vacuoles to release their lipases, proteases, and amylases. They maintain a pH of 4.8 to provide their enzymes with an acidic environment. For 10 points, name these digestive organelles.;;lysosomes
;;To win a second term in office, this politician defeated Jesse M. "Big Daddy" Unruh. He first emerged as a presidential candidate in 1968 after finishing third in his party's convention. As governor, this man signed a pro-choice bill, though he would later recant his positions on abortion. This man's presidency saw the Air Traffic Control strike. After this man was temporarily incapacitated, Alexander Haig declared "I am in control here." He declared the War on Drugs and defeated Walter Mondale and bombed Libya. For 10 points, name this American Republican president who was a big fan of supply-side economics and defeated Jimmy Carter in 1980.;;(Ronald) Reagan
;;The Markovian type of this concept is used to model inventory control. Two types which compensate for the income and substitution effects appear in the Slutsky equation; those are the Hicksian and Marshallian types. Its price elasticity is positive for Giffen and Veblen goods, which violate its namesake law. Its curve is typically downward-sloping, since consumers desire less of a product when price increases. Defined as the amount of a good or service consumers are willing to buy at a given price, for 10 points, name this quantity often paired with "supply.".;;demand
;;This man wrote about a Roman general's trial in the Underworld in The Trial of Lucullus, and about Grusha's refusal to pull Michael out of the title entity of another work. In one work the title character opens a tobacco shop disguised as her cousin, and is a prostitute despite her virtue. He wrote a play set during the Thirty Years' War, about Eilif, Kattrin, and Swiss Cheese. Author of The Caucasian Chalk Circle and The Good Woman of Szechwan, for 10 points, name this German playwright of Mother Courage and Her Children and The Threepenny Opera.;;(Bertolt) Brecht
;;A single lamppost illuminates the front of a building in this artist's Empire of Light. He painted a cannon in a room with eight windows in On the Threshold of Liberty. Another of his works depicts the title figure listening to a gramophone while two men armed with a club and a net wait in ambush. In addition to The Menaced Assassin, he also painted a locomotive emerging from a fireplace, while another work shows a man in a bowler hat whose face is obscured by an apple. For 10 points, name this Belgian surrealist painter of The Treachery of Images, Son of Man, and Time Transfixed.;;(Rene) Magritte
;;This nation once contained cities such as Ay Khanum, and contains the site of the massacre of Elphinstone's Army. It defeated Persia at Gulnabad, and was ruled for a time by the Durrani Empire. Reformed under Tarzi and Amanullah Khan, it saw turmoil during the Saur Revolution. In 1989, the Soviets were driven out of this country by the US-backed mujahideen, allowing Rabbani to become the head of a group which the US is currently fighting under General Stanley McChrystal. For 10 points, name this nation, formerly led by the Taliban, where Hamid Karzai serves as president in Kabul.;;(Islamic) (Republic) (of) Afghanistan
;;Some types of this device exhibit negative resistance at higher voltages. Their current varies exponentially according to the Shockley equation, and four of them make up a bridge rectifier. One type achieves rapid switching by replacing a p-type semiconductor with a metal contact, while another type allows for reverse bias operation because of its reduced breakdown voltage; those are the Schottky and Zener types. Consisting of a PN-junction, they allow current to pass in only one direction. For 10 points, name these circuit components, one type of which is "light-emitting.".;;diodes
;;One character in this novel wears a ribbon in her hair as a "tribute to the unusual." It ends with the narrator contemplating a story told by his landlady, Mrs. Hale. The protagonist gets jealous when Denis Eady dances with his love interest, and tries to borrow money from a lumber seller to elope, but decides not to do so after Mrs. Andrew Hale praises him for taking care of his wife Zeena. The title character breaks a pickle dish and loves Mattie Silver, with whom he gets in a sledding accident. For 10 points, name this novel by Edith Wharton.;;Ethan Frome
;;In this country the copper mine of Mhangura has been mined near depletion, as have the mines in Munyati. The Umvukwe Range lies in the northern part of this country, while this country's major languages are English, Shona, and Ndebele. Lake Kariba makes up part of the northern border of this country. The Shashe and Limpopo Rivers make up the southern border of this country, while the peak of Mount Nyangani lies on the border between this country and Mozambique. For 10 points, name this country with capital Harare.;;Zimbabwe
;;This nation was home to the Majapahit and Sri·vi·jaya empires. This nation's capital was razed by the Dutch and renamed Batavia. This nation struggled for sovereignty with groups like Sarekat Islam, and it gained independence under "Guided Democracy" with the leadership of Mohammed Hatta and Sukarno. This nation hosted leftist leaders at the Bandung Conference. It was recently under the dictatorship of Suharto. Its remnant of Hindu culture is most prominent in Bali. For 10 points, name this archipelago of over 17,000 islands with a capital at Jakarta.;;(Republic) (of) Indonesia
;;This object is thought to be made of carbonaceous chondrite like the Kaidun meteorite, which is hypothesized to be a piece of it. Its orbit is faster than the rotation of its parent planet, since it lies below the radius of synchronous orbit. Captured from the nearby asteroid belt, one of its prominent surface features is named after its discoverer's wife, Stickney crater. When this satellite passes the Roche limit, it is expected to be broken up by tidal forces and form a ring system around its planet. For 10 points, name this largest moon of Mars, the partner of Deimos.;;Phobos
;;During this man's time as the Secretary of Commerce, he ran the "Own Your Own Home" campaign which promoted single-family houses. After World War I, he directed the American Relief Administration. Some of this president's domestic programs included the Federal Farm Board and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. He sent Douglas MacArthur to break up the Bonus Army. His administration increased tariff rates to the highest in history in the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. Shantytowns became known as his namesake "villes." For 10 points, name this president whose term saw the beginning of the Great Depression, who was succeeded by Franklin Roosevelt.;;(Herbert) Hoover
;;This figure sent Ninigi to earth with three gifts. Uzume finally lured her out after a flayed horse head was tossed at this deity's loom, causing her to hide in a cave. Her temple is torn down and rebuilt every 20 years, and a mirror inside is said to represent her. This deity's brothers were born from their father's nose and right eye, Tsukuyomi and Susano'o. Born to Izanagi, the Imperial family claims descent from her. For 10 points, name this Shinto goddess of the sun.;;Amaterasu (Omikami)
;;In this film, Jeanie meets a drug dealer who tells her to worry more about herself. Its main character attends a Von Steuben Day parade, and pretends to be the "Sausage King" to dine at a fancy restaurant. An attempt to drive a Ferrari in reverse take off excess miles ends in it crashing through a glass wall into a ravine behind a house. Featuring the principal Rooney, who suspects the title character is faking illness, its title high school senior skips school with Sloane and Cameron. For 10 points, Matthew Broderick starred in what 1986 John Hughes comedy?.;;Ferris Bueller's Day Off
;;In a play by this author, a man is denounced for polluting his tongue with "abominable pleasures in brothels." In another play, a sycophant tries to take a Boeotian's eels and birds before he is packed into straw. He wrote about a slave blamed for a beating given by his master, Demos. That slave, Cleon, argues with a sausage seller. In one of his plays, Socrates appears hanging overhead in a basket and Pheidippides is enrolled in the Thinkery by his father Strepsiades. For 10 points, name this Greek playwright of The Knights, The Clouds, The Frogs, and Lysistrata.;;Aristophanes
;;This book's 16th chapter mentions sending goats to Azazel and Hashem. One part tells of Nadab and Abihu's offering of "unholy fire," for which they were burned to death. Chapters 1-7 discuss offerings, 11-16 discuss cleanliness, and chapter 18 forbids incest. Chapter 19, verse 28 states "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself," and chapter 18, verse 22 states "Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind," cited by some as a condemnation of homosexuality. Containing Priestly and Holiness Codes, for 10 points, name this third book of the Old Testament.;;Leviticus|Vayikra
;;Alexander I became this country's first king after its establishment by the Corfu Declaration. One constituent of it was taken over by the separatist Ustasha regime. Partisans and Chetniks fought to liberate this country from the Axis during World War II. The head of its National Liberation Army became the first secretary general of the Non-Aligned Movement. Formerly led by Josip Broz Tito, this country started to break apart in the 1990s. For 10 points, name this Balkan state formerly composed of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia.;;Yugoslavia
;;One of this man's operas about a 1901 White House dinner honoring Booker T. Washington, entitled A Guest of Honor, has been lost. In another of his operas, the title freed slave is kidnapped by "conjur men" and saved by Remus. This composer pioneered a form with an AA BB A CC DD structure, and four themes or strains, each 16 bars long. Examples of that form include The Cascades, Silver Swan, and Magnetic. In addition to the opera Treemonisha, this man wrote The Entertainer. For 10 points, name this composer of  the Maple Leaf Rag.;;(Answer(:)) (Scott) Joplin
;;This tissue containing torus-margo pits and bordered pits has highly lignified cell walls. Its primary and secondary types develop from the procambium and vascular cambium, respectively. Along with vessel elements, this tissue contains elongated cells which are dead at maturity and arranged end-to-end, the tracheids. Acting by transpirational pull and root pressure, it transports minerals and water upwards from the roots. For 10 points, name this plant vascular tissue paired with phloem.;;xylem
;;This man composed for solo piano in six of his Moments Musicaux, and wrote a piano piece for four hands, Fantasia in F minor. He composed incidental music for Rosamunde, and a piece which features four characters sung by one vocalist. "Death and the Maiden" and "Hark! Hark! the Lark" were among his compositions in one genre which also included "Die Erlkonig," a piece later expanded into his Trout Quintet, and "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel." For 10 points, name this composer of lieder and an Eighth Symphony, left unfinished at his death.;;(Franz) Schubert
;;The PEN model of this construct was developed by Hans Eysenck, while another man's lexical approach included cardinal, central, and secondary levels. The subject of a Gordon Allport work, a common test of it is the MMPI. Described in terms of the "Big Five" factors, this concept is measured on four dichotomies by the Myers-Briggs indicator. Impatient and over-achieving individuals are said to have one of Type A, and introversion and extroversion are among its traits. For 10 points, give this term for an individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.;;personality (traits)|(types)
;;During this nation's violent Patria Boba period, the Centralists fought against the Federalists. Further periods of violence occurred during the Thousand Days War, the 19th of April Movement, and La Violencia. The Congress of Angostura resulted in this nation's unification with several of its neighbors, but that broke up in 1830. Gaining its independence after Bolivar's victory at Boyaca, the US intervened in this nation to build the Panama Canal. The center of the Viceroyalty of New Granada was in this nation notorious for its drug trade. For 10 points, name this South American nation with capital Bogota.;;(Republic) (of) Colombia
;;The October 6 Bridge spans this river, whose basin includes the Rurubu and Kagera Rivers. It takes a sharp turn near Qena after flowing to Armant. The Angereb River is one of its sources. One of its tributaries crosses through the Sudd wetlands. This river has six cataracts and two colorfully-named tributaries, "white" and "blue," and flows northward. Its yearly inundations stopped with the 1970 completion of the Aswan High Dam. Originating in Lake Victoria, it is the longest in the world. For 10 points, name this river that flows through Sudan and Egypt.;;Nile (River)
;;Negri bodies are a clear indication of this disease, which has been treated by inducing coma in the Milwaukee protocol. After an eclipse phase, the virus is transported via retrograde axoplasmic flow to the central nervous system. Caused by a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus, its symptoms include encephalopathy, paralysis, hypersalivation, and hydrophobia. A vaccine against it was first developed by Louis Pasteur. It is transmitted through saliva and bites, and causes foaming at the mouth. For 10 points, name this disease that causes the aggressive behavior of "mad dogs.".;;rabies
;;This opera's final act begins with sailors singing "Oh eh! Oh eh!," followed by the song "Gia il sole!" when the male lead arrives. In Act I, the male lead sings "Amore o grillo," telling of his first encounter with the title character, who later fantasizes about her husband's return "when the robin makes his nest" in the aria "Un bel di." Kate is introduced to the title character by Sharpless, after which the title character blindfolds her son Dolore and kills herself. For 10 points, name this opera about Pinkerton's doomed marriage with Cio-Cio San, written by Giacomo Puccini.;;Madama Butterfly|Madame Butterfly
;;This man took over as Secretary of State after Abel Upshur was killed in an explosion, and as Secretary of War, he called for Andrew Jackson to be censured for invading Spanish Florida. This politician's wife, Floride, was chief among those to shun Peggy Eaton in the Petticoat Affair, which, along with a break over his president's support of the Tariff of Abominations, led to this man's replacement as vice president. In his essay "South Carolina Exposition and Protest", he advanced the doctrine of nullification. For 10 points, name this South Carolina senator, and vice president to both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.;;(John) Calhoun
;;This author wrote about the Detective force feeding Choubert stale bread to jog his memory, in Victims of Duty. The title family brings in several incarnations of Roberta, each with a different number of noses, in this author's Jack, or the Submission. He wrote several plays featuring Berenger. In one of his plays, the title event ends with the Professor stabbing the Pupil with an imaginary knife, and in another an old couple arranges the title objects for a speech. In addition to The Lesson and The Chairs, for 10 points name this Absurdist Romanian playwright of The Bald Soprano.;;(Eugene) Ionesco
;;In the 1960s, this nation saw a film craze known as "Sword and Sandal." Paisa is part of a film trilogy from this country, which begins with [its capital], Open City. In one film from this country, a poor man is forced to steal a bike after his own is stolen by the title Bicycle Thief. Another is titled after the number of films its director had made by then, 8½. Films from this country include Umberto D., as well as A Fistful of Dollars and other Spaghetti Westerns. For 10 points, name this home country of film directors Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini.;;Italy
;;This figure came from Thessaly and married Camese, but later married the mother of Fontus, Juturna. He chased after the nymph Carna, and fathered a god who drowned in the Tiber, giving it its name. Ruling Latium during the Golden Age, he sheltered Saturn from Jupiter. This god prevented an invasion of the Sabines by flooding the gates, so in times of war, his temple doors were kept open. He was the god of doorways, beginnings, and ends. For 10 points, name this Roman god with two faces, the namesake of the first month of the year.;;Janus
;;This man became minister-president after the king threatened to abdicate, and gained Schleswig following Denmark's defeat. He chose not to demand territory after a stunning victory at Sadowa, and forged a message to Napoleon III that started a war with France, the Ems Dispatch. He tried to eliminate the Catholic Church from its position of political power through his Kulturkampf. This man was forced out of power after the the coronation of King Wilhelm II. For 10 points, name this Iron Chancellor of Prussia who created a unified Germany.;;(Otto) (Eduard) (Leopold) (von) Bismarck
;;One pitcher with this surname picked off 3 baserunners in one inning. Another player with this surname was nicknamed "El Presidente" and pitched a perfect game against the Dodgers in 1991. One player with this surname is the namesake of the award given to the top designated hitter in baseball, and along with pitchers Tippy and Dennis, this is the surname of a pitcher who won three Cy Youngs for the Expos and Red Sox, and recently pitched for the Mets and Phillies. For 10 points, give this surname shared by Edgar, Tino, and Pedro.;;Martinez
;;One poem in this language claims that "a table without art" and "sleep which makes the darkness brief" are among the keys to a happy life. Another poem in this language bids "Let us value the rumors of all those stern old men at a mere penny" and "Let us live and love," while its author's "passer poems" discuss Lesbia's sparrow. Martial wrote in this language, in which another poet wrote his Ecologues and Georgics. Another poet, quoted by Wilfred Owen, coined the term "carpe diem." For 10 points, name this language used by Catullus, Horace, and Vergil.;;(Classical) Latin
;;With Élie Cartan, this scientist extended a more famous theory of his to allow modeling of spin-orbit coupling. Mobility and diffusivity appear in an equation he developed with Smoluchowski. The Gross-Pitaevski equation describes a state of matter named for this man and Satyendra Bose, and he posited the existence of hidden variables along with Podolsky and Rosen. His field equations describe gravity as a result of matter distorting spacetime. For 10 points, name this formulator of special and general relativity, as well as the equation E = mc squared.;;(Albert) Einstein
;;This man was unable to participate in the invasion of Normandy because earlier he had slapped a weeping soldier and called him a coward. He led a fictitious "First Army" Group that was intended to mislead the Germans as to where D-Day would happen. He led the Third Army during Operation Torch, and led the U.S. Seventh Army into Palermo during a campaign to liberate Sicily. He commanded his army to defend the town of Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge. For 10 points, name this WWII general nicknamed "Old Blood and Guts.".;;(George) (Smith) Patton (III)
;;One title character in this man's "Trilogy" is unsure whether he's in a hospital or asylum, and writes about Sapo, later renamed Macmann. In addition to Malone Dies, this man wrote of a character who likes bananas and listens to self-narrated recordings of his life. This author also wrote a play where Nagg and Nell are kept in ashbins and Clov hits Hamm on the head with a dog. Along with Krapp's Last Tape and Endgame, another play includes Pozzo and Lucky, who encounter Didi and Gogo. For 10 points name this author of Waiting for Godot.;;(Samuel) Beckett
;;This man wrote a story set at a party hosted by the landowner Julian, and a novel about two cousins living in shoddy apartments; those works are "A Christmas Tree and a Wedding" and Poor Folk. He wrote about a man who goes to Roulettenburg with Madamoiselle Blanche, Alexei Ivanovich, and about Natasya Fillipovna's murderer Rogozhin. This author of The Gambler wrote about the "sick and spiteful man" who meets the prostitute Liza, and he wrote about a pawnbroker's murder by Raskolnikov. For 10 points, name this author of The Idiot, Notes From Underground, and Crime and Punishment.;;(Answer(:)) (Fyodor) Dostoevsky
;;This president set up a commission that established the Schomburgk line between Venezuela and British Guiana. He vetoed a bill providing grain to drought-stricken Texan farmers, and oversaw the act establishing the Interstate Commerce Commission. Despite claims that he had fathered a child with Maria Halpin, he won election against an opponent whose supporters described this man's party as backing "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion"; that opponent was James G. Blaine. This president overruled Illinois governor John Peter Altgeld and crushed the Pullman Strike after losing to and beating Benjamin Harrison. For 10 points, name this U.S. president elected to two non-consecutive terms.;;(Grover) Cleveland
;;Hananiah broke this man's wooden yoke, after which this man warned that it would soon be replaced by an iron yoke of servitude. He likened Judah to a "corrupt, vile vine" and a prostitute for its idolatry, and brought his scribe Baruch along, when he fled to Egypt. One book by this man is read by Jews on Tisha B'Av and bemoans the Babylonians' capture of his home country. He was active during the reign of Josiah, and saw the destruction of Jerusalem. For 10 points, name this major prophet whose namesake book of the Bible, in the Christian canon, precedes his Book of Lamentations and follows Isaiah.;;(Saint) Jeremiah
;;This man wrote about a "busted Ingersoll," a blue-collar laborer named Yank. In another work, Robert Mayo dies of pneumonia in a ravine. He wrote about Smithers and the title character, Brutus, who is shot by a silver bullet. In addition to The Hairy Ape, Beyond the Horizon, and The Emperor Jones, he wrote about Theodore "Hickey" Hickman's murder of his wife in a play set in Harry Hope's bar, and about the tubercular Edmund and morphine-addicted Mary in a play about the Tyrones. For 10 points, name this author of The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey into Night.;;(Answer(:)) (Eugene) O'Neill
;;In the first episode, Amy Allen saves her fellow reporter from Mexican outlaws. In the second episode, the title group is hired to rescue a wealthy man's daughter from a religious cult. In a parody of this show on Family Guy, Peter's friends dress up as this group for an 80s television convention where they subsequently win for "actually having a black guy." This show's title characters craft weapons out of old mechanical parts to their distinctive theme music. For 10 points, name action series starring Mr. T as B. A. Baracus.;;(The) A(-)Team
;;Heinrich Biber experimented with different configurations of this musical instrument, for which a Concerto in E minor lacking a beginning orchestral introduction was written by Mendelssohn. Players of this instrument include Eugene Ysaye and Yehudi Menuhin. In one concerto for this instrument, each entrance of the rondo theme is preceded by a handbell. Also played by Joe Venuti and Itzhak Perlman, it is usually tuned to G, D, A, and E. Crafted by Stradivari, this is, for 10 points, what four-stringed instrument, the highest-pitched in the string family?.;;violins
;;Protestants and Catholics in this nation fought in the War of Villmergen. Victories at Sempach and Morgarten strengthened the alliance of its 1291 Federal Charter. Officially recognized by Napoleon's Act of Mediation, it won independence in the Swabian War against the Habsburgs. Its Protestant Reformation was led by Ulrich Zwingli. Built upon the Old Confederacy of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, it has not officially fought a war since 1815, when the Congress of Vienna established its neutrality. Divided into cantons, for 10 points, name this Helvetic nation with capital Bern.;;Switzerland|Swiss (Confederation)|(Confederacy)
;;Two of this god's servants, bound into service for stealing bone marrow, were Roskva and Thialfi. When he rode his chariot, the earth was scorched and the mountains cracked, and when he visited the giants, he drank so much he caused tidal changes. He got his iron gloves, as well as his belt Megingjord and other magical gifts from a giantess, Gerd. This deity was married to Sif, and his offspring included Magni and Modi. He owns the largest hall in Asgard, Bilskirnir. For 10 points, name this Norse thunder god who killed giants with his hammer Mjolnir.;;Thor
;;A novel in this language told of a railroad worker's attempts to lose his virginity, Closely Watched Trains. One author in this language wrote The Red Commissar, as well as a novel about a zealous army soldier, The Good Soldier Svejk. In another novel in this language, Ludvik Jahn writes "Optimism is the opiate of people." That novel shifts between three other narrators, and is titled The Joke. The same author wrote a novel in this language which ends with a car crash killing Teresa and Tomas, The Unbearable Lightness of Being. For 10 points, name this native language of authors Jaroslav Hašek and Milan Kundera.;;(Answer(:)) Czech (language)
;;One ruler of this nation hit the consul Duval with a fly swatter, in an incident which France used as a pretext for war. The never-enacted Blum-Violette plan would have given some members of this nation the vote. After the exile of its ruler, Hussien Dey, Abdel Kadir led a rebellion in this nation. This nation's independence sparked the vicious Cafe Wars, and saw the FLN clash with the pied-noirs and French military. Granted independence by Charles de Gaulle in 1962, for 10 points, name this West African nation settled by the Berbers.;;(People's) (Democratic) (Republic) (of) Algeria
;;This man's Opus 3 was a collection of twelve concertos for one, two, or four violins, titled L'Estro Armonico. He wrote three operas based on Orlando Furioso. His concertos for solo violin, including "The Sea Storm," "Pleasure," and "The Hunt," were included in The Contest between Harmony and Invention, the first four pieces of which were accompanied by sonnets describing a goatherd with a faithful dog, lightning and fierce thunder, and icy north winds. Master of violin at a girls' orphanage, he became known as the "Red Priest." For 10 points, name this Venetian composer of The Four Seasons.;;(Antonio) Vivaldi
;;The Pay-Khoy Ridge forms a northern extension of this mountain range, through which the Pechora river flows. This range is continued in the south by the Mugodzhar Hills, and its central Ore section contains Mount Yamantaw. Its northern terminus is at Novaya Zemlya. Passing through Perm and Yekaterinburg, its highest peak is Mount Narodnaya. It is drained by its namesake river into the Caspian Sea, as well as by the Ob and the Kama, a tributary of the Volga. For 10 points, name this Russian mountain dividing Europe and Asia.;;Ural (Mountains)
;;A Criegee intermediate is formed when this compound reacts in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to cleave the double bond in an alkene. Its concentration is sometimes measured in Dobson units. It oxidizes cyanide to cyanate and is used instead of chlorine to disinfect water. A namesake cycle sees the recombination of this compound catalyzed by free radicals such as those released by chlorofluorocarbons. Pale blue with a sharp odor, it is present in the stratosphere where it absorbs UV rays. For 10 points, name this triatomic form of oxygen found in a namesake layer in the atmosphere.;;ozone|O3
;;The Syrian governor Mucianus encouraged this man to claim the throne, and Antonius Primus invaded Rome in support of this man's claim to the empire. Nero gave him command over Roman forces in Judaea in order to put down the First Jewish Revolt. He ordered the construction of a forum in Rome as well as the Coliseum. Following Caligula's death, this man emerged victorious from the ensuing civil war. Succeeded by his son Titus, for 10 points, name this last ruler of the year of four emperors, the founder of the Flavian dynasty.;;(Titus) (Flavius) Vespasianus
;;This author wrote about a man recruited by Colonel R., which features characters like The Hairless Mexican and The Dark Woman. In another novel, the title character is engaged to Tom but gets beaten to death by Mrs. Blakeston. This author of Ashenden and Liza of Lambeth wrote about William Ashenden and Alroy Kear in Cakes and Ale, while Charles Strickland becomes a leper in Tahiti in another work. He wrote about a character who marries Sally Athelny, the club-footed Philip Carey. For 10 points, name this author of Of Human Bondage and The Moon and Sixpence.;;(William) (Somerset) Maugham
;;This work's end discusses the "rule of cui bono" and the "confederacy of deceivers" contributing to the Kingdom of Darkness. It questions why the Ten Commandments are regarded as law in a section on "Christian commonwealths." The first section states that men are driven to conflict by competition, diffidence, and glory. It claims that there will be a "war of all against all" unless a strong sovereign prevents the state of nature, which makes life "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." For 10 points, name this 1651 treatise by Thomas Hobbes.;;Leviathan(,) (The) (Matter(,)) (Form) (and) (Power) (of) (a) (Commonwealth) (Ecclesiastical) (and) (Civil)
;;In one work by this author, the title character goes camping with Paul Reisling in Maine, and later Paul shoots his wife Zilla in a fit of rage. In another work, this author wrote of a man forced to sell The Revelation Motor Company, while in a third the title doctor discovers a phage that kills bacteria while his wife dies of the bubonic plague. He used Zenith, Winnemac as the setting for Dodsworth, Arrowsmith and Elmer Gantry. For 10 points name this author who wrote about a real-estate partner married to Myra in Babbitt.;;(Sinclair) Lewis
;;Fyrdmen and Housecarls made up one side's army in this battle, which took place near Pevensey, the site of the victors' landing. The winning side broke through the shield wall built by the losers, later ambushed in the Malfosse. Taking place at Senlac Hill, this battle's losing side was weakened by a previous battle at Stamford Bridge. An arrow was shot through the eye of the losing commander, Harold Godwinson, as depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. For 10 points, name this 1066 victory for William the Conqueror, a decisive battle in the Norman conquest of England.;;(Battle) (of) Hastings
;;In this novel Pamela leaves her husband for a martial arts instructor because she believes her husband is dead. Her husband tries to get one character to kill the mountaineer Allie Cone. When that husband and the other protagonist are on a plane to England, they encounter a hijacker and the plane explodes. After this novel's two protagonists survive the crash, Gibreel Farishta becomes the archangel Gabriel and Saladin Chamcha becomes The Devil, in a retelling of religious scripture which angered Muslims.  For 10 points, name this novel by Salman Rushdie.;;(The) Satanic Verses
;;This man found that "respirable air" could be turned into "fixed air" through respiration or combustion. He proposed that oxygen is the source of acidity, and called another component of air "azote." He showed that oxygen and hydrogen combine to form water. In his 1789 Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, he demonstrated that weight changes during combustion were a result of combining with oxygen, and not because of negative-mass phlogiston. For 10 points, name this "father of modern chemistry" who first stated the law of conservation of mass.;;(Antoine(-)Laurent) (de) Lavoisier
;;This work claims that the fall of the Roman Empire discouraged agriculture in a section on the "Progress of Opulence." It posits that rent is "the highest which the tenant can afford ... in the actual circumstances of the land." Book IV, "Of Systems of Political Economy," argues against protectionist tariffs of mercantilism. This work uses the example of a pin factory to illustrate the division of labor, and claims that individuals will benefit society through self-interest, "led by an invisible hand." For 10 points, name this economic treatise by Adam Smith.;;(An) (Inquiry) (into) (the) (Nature) (and) (Causes) (of) (the) Wealth of Nations
;;In this work, Naumann paints one man as Thomas Aquinas, in order to get to his wife. Walter Tyke is made hospital chaplain over Farebrother, and Elinor Cadwallader sets up Celia and James Chettam's marriage. In this novel, John Raffles reveals that the town banker made his fortune selling pawned goods. Along with Nicholas Bulstrode, this novel tells of Rosamond Vincy's extravagant lifestyle, which leads Tertius Lydgate to financial trouble. The protagonist marries Will Ladislaw instead of inheriting Edward Casaubon's fortune in, for 10 points, this novel about Dorothea Brooke, by George Eliot.;;Middlemarch(:) (A) (Study) (of) (Provincial) (Life)
;;This man gave evidence in Clodius' profanity trial, and unsuccessfully tried to defend Clodius' murderer Milo. This leader fought the Optimates in order to allow Pompey to command an army against Pontus, but the Optimates later were instrumental in making this man a consul. His election as consul prompted Catiline's attempted uprising, which this man exposed to the public. He delivered 14 speeches in support of Octavian after Julius Caesar was murdered in order to warn Rome about the influence of Marc Antony. For 10 points, name this Roman orator who delivered the Demosthenes-inspired Philippics.;;(Marcus) (Tullius) Cicero
;;This thinker compared rational religion to a naked body in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason, and discussed pure and mixed ratiocination in The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures. He gave "emergence from self-incurred immaturity" as the answer to the title question in "What is Enlightenment?" This author of Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals distinguished between a priori and a posteriori knowledge. For 10 points, name this German formulator of the categorical imperative and author of Critique of Pure Reason.;;(Immanuel) Kant
;;On this show, Gelman threatens to hit another character so hard that his clothes will hurt. Two characters on carry a sign reading "China or Bust," The Diggers. Students love the hippie teacher Ms. Grotke, while the four Ashleys say "Scandalous!" in unison, and some tribal kindergarteners terrorize the central characters. King Bob, a sixth grader, rules with a hockey stick scepter, while Randall Weems and Ms. Finster antagonize students Mikey and Spinelli during the title time period. For 10 points, name this animated TV show featuring T.J. Detweiler, set in a school playground.;;Recess
;;During this politician's campaign, he was criticized for saying that ten cents a day was enough for a worker. His attempts to replace Brigham Young as Governor of the Utah Territory became known as his namesake Blunder. Economic troubles during his presidency were sparked by the wreck of a ship carrying bullion, the Central America. This president's party split during its next convention, leading to his vice president, John C. Breckinridge, being nominated along with Steven Douglas. He lobbied the Supreme Court to vote in favor of the rights of slaveholders in the Dred Scott case. For 10 points, name this Democratic president, who failed to act in the face of secession.;;(James) Buchanan
;;This river with a tributary called Hooghly is dammed at Farakka. With two types of alluvium, bhangar and khadar, its namesake Upper Canal diverts water at the Haridwar dam from its glacial source in the Himalayas. This river's delta region contains a halophytic mangrove forest, the Sundarbans. Heavily polluted from industrial waste and religious practices, it flows through Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi, before emptying into the Bay of Bengal from a wide delta after merging with the Brahmaputra River. For 10 points, name this holy river in India.;;Ganges (River)
;;One short story by this man ends with Tom King losing a prizefighting bout. Along with "A Piece of Steak," he wrote about Humphrey Van Weyden, who does not murder Larsen, the captain of the schooner "Ghost." He wrote about the poor in London in The People of the Abyss, while the title character of another novel is found by Gray Beaver and maltreated by Beauty Smith. In another novel by this man, Judge Miller's pet Buck becomes the alpha male of a wolf pack. For 10 points, name this author of The Sea Wolf, White Fang and The Call of the Wild.;;(Jack) London
;;This figure oversaw a boxing match between Dares and Entellus. Nursed by Caieta, he took the Lares and Penates with him, and encountered Dedalus carving reliefs on a column. He visited his father's spirit with the help of the Cumaean Sibyl. He became separated from Creusa while escaping with his son Ascanius and father Anchises, and his second wife Lavinia was the daughter of Latinus. This Trojan prince spurned the queen of Carthage, Dido, and his journey ended in the founding of Rome. For 10 points, name this subject of an epic poem by Vergil.;;Aeneas
;;Floyd B. Parks was an early casualty in this battle. One side planned this battle to occur simultaneously with the bombing of Dutch Harbor. The Enterprise and the Hornet sunk the Mikuma in this battle. It was decided by many sorties flown by dive bombers of the Dauntless. The Americans knew that the Japanese were preparing for this battle thanks to Station Hypo cracking the JN-25 code. At its end, the Hiryu's planes damaged the Yorktown, but the former was soon bombed, leaving Japan with no carriers remaining. For 10 points, name this battle which took place near a namesake atoll, the decisive naval battle of the World War II Pacific Theater.;;(Battle) (of) Midway
;;In this novel, the Saint-Merans are the first victims of Heloise's poisoning rampage. Barrois drinks the bromine meant for Valentine's paralyzed grandfather. The protagonist saves Valentine after Maximilien confesses his love. The protagonist falls in love with Haydee. The Count of Morcerf, also known as Fernand Mondego, marries Mercedes. The protagonist discovers Abbe Faria's fortune and adopts the title alias while seeking revenge for false imprisonment in the Chateau d'If by Villefort. For 10 points, name this novel about Edmond Dantes, by Alexander Dumas.;;(The) Count of Monte Cristo|(Le) Comte de Monte Cristo
;;This man names the ringed pattern produced by a convex lens pressed against a flat plate, along with some formulas with Robert Cotes. His namesake "cradle" demonstrates the conservation of momentum, and he showed that white light is a mixture of colored light in his Opticks. A kilogram-meter per second squared is named after this man, the SI unit of force. His inverse square law of universal gravitation was described in Principia Mathematica, along with three laws of motion. For 10 points, name this British physicist who may have been inspired by a falling apple.;;(Isaac) Newton
;;This polity was forced to sign the Eulsa treaty, giving up its independence. It won one of the most lopsided battles in history at Salsu River and fought a series of wars with the Khitan. This polity's navy included turtle ships pioneered by Admiral Yi Sun-Sin, and the more traditional pan·ok·seon. The USS Pueblo was captured off the coast of this region, whose Three Kingdoms period saw rulers such as Gwang·gae·to the Great. This region was ruled by the Silla and Choson Dynasties. For 10 points, name this region now divided into two nations separated by the DMZ, whose major cities include Seoul and Pyongyang.;;Korea
;;This opera's second act includes the prelude "Les Dragons d'Alcala." Act II opens at Lillas Pastia's inn and sees Dancaire and Remendado tell Frasquita, Mercedes, and the main character to dispose of their contraband. The main character earlier escapes from Lieutenant Zuniga by singing the "Seguidilla" aria, seducing her guard, Don Jose. The title character claims that "Love is a rebellious bird" in the "Habanera" aria, and Escamillo the bullfighter sings the Toreador song. For 10 points, name this opera about a gypsy working in a cigarette factory, by Georges Bizet.;;Carmen
;;From this city's Riverside Promenade Avenue, one can see the British and French buildings found along its Bund. Yu·yuan Garden lies within its City God Temple, or Cheng Huang Miao. The site of the world's longest arch bridge, this city's main shopping center is Nanjing Road. Its "New" district contains Century Park and an iconic TV tower, as well as the Maglev train line serving its its Pu·dong International Airport. Slated to host the World Expo 2010, it is bisected by the Huang·pu River, a tributary of the Yangtze. For 10 points, name this largest city in China.;;Shanghai
;;One character on this show once swallowed a sponge to soak up his beer. Another character bet that he could perform the Heimlich maneuver on himself. That character with middle name Michaelangelo has an IQ of 162, despite being the janitor at DrugCo. He frequently hangs out at the Warsaw with his friend, who married six times, including once to his boss at Winfred Lauder, Nigel Wick. That title character drinks Buzz Beer with his buddies Kate, Oswald, and Lewis, played by Ryan Stiles. For 10 points, name this sitcom set in Cleveland, named after the host of the U.S. Whose Line is it Anyway?.;;(The) Drew Carey Show
;;One emperor of this dynasty created Din-I-Ilahi, a religious system that combined Zoroastrianism, Islam, Hinduism, and Jainism. The Afghan leader Sher Shah of Sur expelled the second emperor of this dynasty, Humayun. This dynasty temporarily repealed the traditional Jizya tax on non-Muslims until its ruler Au·rang·zeb took power. This dynasty's Shah Jahan drained the treasury with many costly wars and created the Taj Mahal for his dead wife. For 10 points, name this Indian dynasty ruled by Akbar the Great and Babur.;;(the) Mughal (Dynasty)
;;This novel's protagonist is called Alphabet as a child, and is beaten for talking back after being scolded for incorrectly cutting tobacco. The protagonist's mother Leafy gets pregnant after being raped by a teacher, and runs away, leaving the protagonist with Nanny. The protagonist runs away from Logan Killicks to Eatonville with Jody Starks, and while there she shoots a man bitten by a rabid dog, Vergible Woods, known as Tea Cake. For 10 points name this novel about Janie Crawford by Zora Neal Hurston.;;Their Eyes Were Watching God
;;This artist painted a woman with a folding fan in The Parasol. Another work shows a woman with a white dog, wearing a white dress with red ribbons. Owls and bats harass a sleeping man in The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, part of his Los Caprichos. He painted a woman in the same pose nude and clothed. His Charge of the Mamelukes is paired with a painting with a square lantern in the foreground, showing a man about to be shot by Napoleonic soldiers. For 10 points, name this Spanish painter of the Black Paintings, including Saturn Devouring His Son, and The Third of May 1808.;;(Francisco) (Jose) (de) Goya (y) (Lucientes)
;;This ruler mandated the baptism of slaves and banished Jews with his Code Noir, and built a retirement home for injured war veterans. This man's reign saw uprisings ended by the Peace of Rueil, the two Frondes. He closed down Protestant schools and revoked the Edict of Nantes by issuing the Edict of Fountainbleau, and fought for nine years against the League of Augsburg. He was advised by finance minister Colbert and Cardinal Mazarin, and had built the palace of Versailles. For 10 points, name this long-ruling "Sun King" of France.;;Louis XIV (of) (France)
;;One line from this poem titles a novel about Beaumont, who idolizes Colonel Fort; that novel is by Robert Penn Warren. In this poem, the speaker suggests, "let us roll all our strength and all / our sweetness up into one ball," and, like "birds of prey," "at once our time devour." The speaker's "vegetable love should grow vaster / than empires, and more slow." The speaker claims, "worms shall try / that long preserved virginity" and mentions the death of his lust, while he hears "Time's winged chariot hurrying near." For 10 points, name this poem beginning "Had we but world enough, and time," by Andrew Marvell.;;To His Coy Mistress
;;This man championed the poverty of the stimulus argument, and his X-bar theory holds that all phrase structures are reducible to recursive specifier-head configurations. He posited that children learn language by testing their hypotheses against PLD, in his language acquisition device theory. He developed the idea of transformational-generative grammars and demonstrated a category mistake with the example "colorless green ideas sleep furiously" in his magnum opus Syntactic Structures. For 10 points, name this American linguist and MIT professor.;;(Noam) Chomsky
;;This man's administration settled the Alabama Claims in the Treaty of Washington. He appointed the Seneca Indian Ely S. Parker as Commissioner of Indian Affairs. This president's veto of the Inflation Bill led to a return to the gold standard the next year in the Specie Resumption Act. His personal secretary, Orville Babcock, was implicated in the Whiskey Ring, and Oakes Ames sold shares to this man's vice president, Schuyler Colfax, in the Credit Mobilier scandal. For 10 points, name this American general who obtained an unconditional surrender at Appomattox from Robert E. Lee.;;(Ulysses) (S(.)) Grant
;;This author wrote a novel where Ursus travels with a wolf called Homo and meets Gwynplaine. This author of The Man Who Laughs wrote about Gilliat fighting a giant octopus to save Deruchette in his novel The Toilers of the Sea. One novel tells of Gavroche Thenardier and Marius Pontmercy's marriage with Cosette, while in another novel the Djali leads townspeople to believe Esmeralda is a witch. For 10 points, name this Frenchman who created Javert and Jean Valjean in Les Miserables and wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame.;;(Victor) Hugo
;;One member of this group included its name on the cover of An Anna Blume, and called some of his works "Merz." Another artist depicted herself in Cut with the Kitchen Knife. Along with Kurt Schwitters and Hannah Hoch, other members included Hans Arp and Max Ernst. This movement's manifesto was written by Tristan Tzara. Another member produced a urinal signed "R. Mutt," Marcel Duchamp. Founded in protest against World War I, for 10 points, name this anti-art movement with a repetitive name from the French for "hobbyhorse.".;;Dadaism
;;One painting by this artist shows his own Woman on a High Stool in the background. Another features two wine decanters and a bunch of fruits on a table, while blue flowers and vines cover the walls and tablecloth. This creator of The Piano Lesson and Harmony in Red painted his wife with the title feature on her nose in The Green Stripe. Another painting shows five figures holding hands in a circle against a blue and green background. For 10 points, name this creator of The Joy of Life and The Dance, the founder of Fauvism.;;(Henri) Matisse
;;The protagonist of this work throws hot applesauce in the face of a boy who made fun of his hair length, and boasts about turning Hareton into an ignorant brute. One character in this novel is bitten by a bulldog while walking the moors, and becomes acquainted with the Lintons. That character eventually dies after Edgar's altercation with her love interest, which leads her love interest to elope with Isabella. After being tyrannized by Hindley, the protagonist returns to Thrushcrosse Grange to find Catherine Earnshaw. For 10 points, name this novel about a gypsy Heathcliff, by Emily Bronte.;;Wuthering Heights
;;Colonel James Fannin's troops were to reinforce the losing side's position, but turned back after traveling less than one mile. One co-commander at this battle, William Travis, previously fought at the Battle of Gonzales and wrote "Victory or Death!" in an open letter addressed to "All Americans in the World." This battle was followed by the Battle of Refugio, part of the failed Goliad Campaign. The losing side came back to crush the victors later in the Battle of San Jacinto. For 10 points, name this battle where Mexican soldiers led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana overran the namesake Texas compound where James Bowie and Davy Crockett died.;;(Battle) (of) (the) Alamo
;;Orbital resonances with this object lead to Kirkwood gaps in the main asteroid belt. Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with this body, whose fourth and fifth Lagrangian points are occupied by Trojans. Its inner satellites include Metis, Thebe, and Amalthea, while one of its larger satellites might have a subsurface ocean of liquid water that could harbor life, and another is the largest moon in the solar system. Orbited by the Galileo spacecraft, its largest moons are Callisto, Io, Ganymede, and Europa. For 10 points, name this planet with a Great Red Spot, the largest in the solar system.;;Jupiter
;;The Weald-Artois Anticline was formed during this region's namesake orogeny. It contains the limestone-rich greywacke zone. One subrange is drained by the Tanaro river into the Ligurian sea. Containing a pyramid-shaped peak with famously steep faces, one pass through this mountain range is the St. Bernard Pass. It contains the Monte Rosa, Weisshorn, and Matterhorn, as well as its highest peak, Mount Blanc. For 10 points, name this mountain range stretching through France, Italy, and Switzerland.;;(the) Alps|Alpine (mountains)
;;This deity defended Gefjon in the Lokasenna, and tricked Baugi to obtain Kvasir's blood. This brother of Ve and Villi could see the whole universe from his throne, Hlidskjalf [HLEED-skee-alf]. He hung from Yggdrasil [IGG-druh-sill] for nine days, and possessed the severed head of Mimir and the ring Draupnir. Sacrificing an eye to drink from Mimir's well, his offspring include Vidar and the blind god Hodr, who was later tricked into killing his other son Baldr. This god rode Sleipnir and owned two ravens named Hugin and Munin. For 10 points, name this chief Norse god.;;Odin
;;In the Frenkel-Kontorova-Tomlinson model, this phenomenon arises from a harmonic chain undergoing stick-slip behavior. In harmonic oscillators it is proportional to speed and causes damping. A body's interface with a fluid often exhibits the skin form of this force, which is independent of area of contact and proportional to the applied load. Converting kinetic energy to heat, it has different coefficients for its static and kinetic types, for 10 points, name this force opposing motion between two objects.;;friction
;;This dynasty rose to power after defeating a rebel group at the Battle of Lake Poyang, and would nearly fall following the Tumu Crisis. It won the Battle of Ning·yuan to preserve its northern frontier under Yuan Chong·huan. Eventually toppled by the rebellion of Li Zi·cheng, it had experienced a second founding under Yong·le following the coup against Jian·wen and the death of the founder, Zhu Yuan·zhang, the Hong·wu Emperor who led the Red Turban rebellion. Ended when Wu San·gui let in the Mongols, for 10 points, name this dynasty which launched the treasure fleets of Zheng He, the last Han-ruled dynasty of China.;;Ming (dynasty)|(empire)|(Da) Ming (Di) (Guo)
;;This author wrote of a pianist who dresses in silk white, and of Anton Klotherjahn's wife's seduction by Detlev Spinell. Along with "The Infant Prodigy" and Tristan, this man wrote the confessions of a "confidence man" in Felix Krull, and about a hypnotist Cipolla in Mario and the Magician. One novel tells of a merchant family in Lubeck, and another about a man who falls in love with Tadzio and dies of cholera. Adrian Leverkuhn trades his soul to the devil for musical talent in another work. For 10 points, name this author of Buddenbrooks, Death in Venice, Doctor Faustus, and The Magic Mountain.;;(Paul) (Thomas) Mann
;;In response to Grotius, this work defines "alienate" as "to give or sell" and holds that "force does not create right." It posits that population growth is the "surest mark" of a good government, and that monarchies are best suited to hot climates. Claiming that laws not ratified by the people are null and void, this work states that the Sovereign cannot alienate the general will. It begins by asserting that "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains," and holds that the only legitimate source of political authority is the title concept. For 10 points, name this treatise by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.;;(The) Social Contract(,)|(Principles) (of) (Political) (Right)
;;This song claims that "if you can't groove to this, then you probably are dead." The singer claims that he is "dope on the floor" and "magic on the mike," telling the listener to "move, outta your seat and get a fly girl and catch this beat." He claims to have been "all around the world, from London to the Bay," and sings, "just for a minute, let's all do the bump." This song's artist is known for his parachute pants and shuffling dance. For 10 points, name this song bidding the listener to "stop" because it's "hammer time," a 1990 hit song by MC Hammer.;;U Can't Touch This
;;A gift of 33 pounds and 4 shillings in this novel allows the protagonist and his wife to buy a stove and some new collars. Near the end one character gives free milk to needy infants. The protagonist stays with Mrs. Lithebe after receiving a letter from Theophilus Msimangu about Gertrude, who we later find has become a prostitute. The protagonist searches for his son Absalom, who is sentenced to death for killing Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this novel about Stephen Kumalo set in South Africa, written by Alan Paton.;;Cry(,) The Beloved Country
;;R. T. Sanderson calculated this quantity as a ratio of densities. In the calculation of a bond dipole moment, the charge separation acts as a scaling factor for differences in this quantity. It was defined in terms of effective nuclear charge by Allred and Rochow, and as the average of first ionization energy and electron affinity by Robert Mulliken. Increasing across a period and decreasing down a group, its differences result in partial charges and polar covalent bonds. First quantified by Linus Pauling, its value is highest for fluorine. For 10 points, name this measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons.;;electronegativity
;;This man was elected by a kuriltai held at Shang-Tu, and defeated his rival to the throne, Arigboge. While paper money had been in use since the Sung dynasty, this man made it the sole currency in his nation. He divided his nation into four categories of nationalities, with han-jen and Man-tzu being inferior to the se-mu jen. This ruler succeeded his brother Mongke. Il Milione is partially an account of Marco Polo's experiences in this man's court. His descent from Genghis Khan has been disputed, but he did bring Mongol rule to a nation he unified. For 10 points, name this founder of the Yuan dynasty in China.;;Kublai (Khan)|Kuhbilai (Khan)|Kubla (Khan)
;;Melito of Sardis and other Quartodecimans celebrated this holiday on a different date, but the First Council of Nicaea decreed that it should follow the 14th day of a certain ecclesiastical month. The Exsultet is intoned during this holiday's traditional Church service, during which a large candle is lit. Forty days before Ascension Thursday and fifty days before Pentecost, it ends the period of Lent and occurs two days after Good Friday, on a Sunday. For 10 points, name this Christian holiday honoring the resurrection of Jesus, associated with brightly colored eggs.;;Easter
;;This pathogen's genome exists as eight single-stranded pieces of RNA. One of its surface proteins helps it bind to the host cell, while another digests sialic acid to facilitate the release of newly replicated viruses. Those proteins are hem·agglutin·in and neur·amin·idase, the different types of which determine the classification of any given strain. Classified as type A, B, or C, it belongs to the family ortho·myxo·viridae. Some types include H5N1 and H1N1. For 10 points, name this virus responsible for the "Spanish," "avian," and "swine" varieties of its namesake disease.;;influenza (viruses)
;;In this novel, Dan Cody mentors the narrator as a young child. Its narrator meets the drunken "Owl-Eyes" in the title character's residence, and Ewing Klipspringer mooches off the title character. The title character convinces the protagonist of his glory by showing his war medal, and introduces him to Jewish mafia kingpin Meyer Wolfshiem. George Wilson shoots the title character for cheating with his wife, instead of Tom. For 10 points, name this novel about the title character's love for Daisy Buchanan narrated by Nick Carraway, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.;;(The) Great Gatsby
;;After the Battle of Eylau, this commander forced the enemy army to retreat across the Lyna River in a later battle. Signatory to a treaty ceding the Austrian Netherlands and Lombardy, the Treaty of Camp Formio, this man put down a riot with "a whiff of grapeshot." He defeated the Mameluks at the Battle of the Pyramids, but Horatio Nelson destroyed his ships in the Battle of the Nile. Occupying the Pratzen Heights ensured his victory at Austerlitz. He was exiled to St. Helena after his defeat at the hands of Blucher and Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. For 10 points, name this Corsican-born first Emperor of France.;;Napoleon (I)|(Napoleon) Buonaparte|Bonaparte
;;This author of a Treatise on Probability advocated for devaluation over deflation, and wrote that "in the long run we are all dead" in his Tract on Monetary Reform. He advised higher taxation rather than deficit spending in How to Pay for the War. Associated with the liquidity trap and the multiplier effect, he argued against war reparations in The Economic Consequences of the Peace. He attacked laissez-faire economics in his magnum opus. For 10 points, name this economist who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.;;(John) (Maynard) Keynes
;;One of this man's buildings had an exterior featuring patinated copper, the Price Tower, his only realized skyscraper. The Jacobs House has the characteristic L-shape of this architect's Usonian style. He designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, and a New York art museum resembling a coiled white ribbon. He designed his Wisconsin summer home, Taliesin, as well as house featuring cantilevered concrete floors, made for Edgar Kaufmann. For 10 points, name this American Prairie School architect who designed Fallingwater.;;(Frank) (Lloyd) Wright
;;The winning commander of this battle copied tactics used by Admiral Jarvis at Camperdown by attempting to split and destroy the enemy in two blocks. Though the victor was devastated early on by fire which it could not return, the breaking of the loser's center and the capture of the Redoubtable lead to the eventual result. Including the capture of the losing Admiral Villenueve and the signal "England expects every man to do his duty," for 10 points name this naval battle which saw the death of Horatio Nelson and the destruction of the combined Franco-Spanish navy.;;(Battle) (of) Trafalgar