Literature;;This character insists that a cook purchase and prepare a capon that"?would only feed to music-one march in particular was its favorite"? Earlier, this character sells a silver-chased belt for half a guilder while claiming it is worth two and sings"?what fires that blood is my red mea"? in a song used to peddle boots and food. This character's nickname recalls an incident in which she drove through gunfire in Riga to sell loaves of bread to soldiers, and in an attempt to warn her, her child dies while beating a drum. That girl, Kattrin, was this woman's last surviving child after the deaths of Eilif and Swiss Cheese. For 10 points, name this title character of a Bertolt Brecht play.;;Anna Fierling|Mother Courage
Art;;Jasper Johns's Racing Thoughts and Kaspar Malevich's Solar Eclipse with this work both feature recreations of it, the former in black and white and the latter with two red Xs. Fernand Leger created a version"?with keys"? while E.H. Gombrich pointed out the distinctive sfumato at the corners of the eyes. Margaret Livingstone claimed that this painting's most famous feature is captivating because it is not perceptible by foveal vision and thus nearly disappears when it is looked at directly. Featuring an added mustache in Duchamp’s parody L.H.O.O.Q., for 10 points, name this painting famous for its subject's lack of eyebrows and enigmatic smile, a portrait by Leonardo da Vinci.;;Mona Lisa|(La) Gioconda
Philosophy;;This thinker divided social formations into primitive, traditional, and liberal-capitalist categories in a work that labeled social crises as"?unresolved economic steering problems"? This author of Legitimation Crisis discussed the"?dissolution of epistemolog"? in Knowledge and Human Interests. One of his works posits freedom, equality, and consensus must precede the universal validity required for discourse ethics. His most famous work proposes that coffeehouses developed in the eighteenth century to mediate the state and society. For 10 points, name this German author of The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere and The Theory of Communicative Action.;;(Jurgen) Habermas
United States History;;One incident during this event saw New Yorkers break into stores to steal barrels of grain. That incident was called the"?Flour Riot"? Poor farm conditions in Britain led up to this event, which included a 75 percent drop in the price of cotton. It was instigated by an act issued by Levi Woodbury in an attempt to slow inflation and land speculation by requiring the purchase of land in gold or silver. The granting of surplus government funds to pet banks may have contributed to this event along with that act, the Specie Circular. For 10 points, name this financial crisis that occurred during the presidency of Martin van Buren.;;Panic of 1837
Literature;;One character in this work bathes in a pool of invincibility but closes his eyes, leaving them vulnerable to an arrow. Another character is kissed on his shoulders, where two black snakes who feed on human brains grow. One character castigates his horse until he realizes he is merely being warned of a dragon; that character defeats a demon disguised as an Onager and kills the White Demon. That character serves Kai Khosrow and undergoes seven labors in this work, which tells of wars with Afrasiab and the Turans and ends recounting the history of the Sassanids. For 10 points, name this work which sees Sohrab killed by his father Rostam, a Persian epic by Ferdowsi.;;Shahnameh|Book of Kings
World History;;Despite being hit by fifteen separate shells during this battle, the ship Warspite managed to survive it. Hipper and Beatty fought each other at the"?Run to the Sout"? phase of this battle, during which the V4 and the Black Prince sank. Those commanders had learned from their earlier battle at Dogger Bank during the previous year. Reinhard Scheer managed to escape at Horn’s Reef during this battle, a tactical failure for Admiral John Jellicoe. Despite destroying 115,000 tons of the British fleet, the German goal of assuming control of the North Sea failed. For 10 points, identify this largest naval battle of the First World War.;;(Battle) (of) Jutland
Physics;;Kusenko and Segre demonstrated that these particles could explain pulsar kicks. Taking the determinant of a matrix with elements zero, Dirac mass, Dirac mass, Majorana mass gives the mass of an as yet undiscovered form of this particle as the larger root by the"?seesa"? mechanism. Warm dark matter may be composed of that"?steril"? type of this particle, and the PMNS matrix predicts their flavor oscillations. They were first proposed by Wolfgang Pauli as a method of preserving conservation of mass and momentum in beta decay, and the Super-Kamiokande device detects them. For 10 points, name these leptons with tau, muon, and electron flavors.;;neutrino
Literature;;The prelude of this work notes that the title figure is"?condemned to strip himself stark nake"? as the form of pathos, but is not allowed to"?rush at you, roll you over, and squeeze your body for the briny drops"? Character insights in this novel often come from Mrs. Mountstuard-Jenkinson, while its main action begins when Harry Oxford begins giving it to Constantia Durham, terminating her engagement to the title character. Vernon Whitford's education of  Crossjay occupies much of the novel, and Clara Middleton contemplates marrying the protagonist, who is rejected by Laetitia Dale. For 10 points, name this George Meredith novel about Sir Willoughby Patterne, the title narcissist.;;(The) Egoist
Geography;;The Calcasieu River is one of several waterways in this state's only national forest, Kisatchie, which lies in large part in its Natchitoches region. St. Joseph, the seat of its Tensas region, contains the oxbow Lake Bruin, and other regions include Cameron and Jefferson, its largest by population. The largest continuous swamp in the United States is this state's Atchafalya Basin, which is fed by waterways that include the Bayou Teche. This state is divided into parishes rather than counties and contains the Mississippi River Delta. For 10 points, name this state with capital at Baton Rouge that contains Lake Ponchatrain and New Orleans.;;Louisiana
Chemistry;;A lactone of this functionality is the starting point of the Fujimoto-Belleau reaction, and acetyl CoA in this form adds to a protein-bound carboxylate chain in fatty acid synthesis. Silyl ethers of this type are used in a pair of reactions developed by Teruaki Mukaiyama. These compounds are the initial result of the oxy-Cope rearrangement. Reagents used to form the conjugate base of this functionality include KHMDS and LDA. A rare example of one of these compounds being more stable than its keto tautomer is phenol. For 10 points, name this functional group consisting of an alkene with a hydroxyl group on an sp2 carbon.;;(alk)enol(s)
Literature;;This work's narrator recalls first seeing the main character's family being driven to church by a wild-eyed slave. One character tells his fifteen-year-old mistress,"?Too bad you're not a mare like Penelope. Then I would give you a decent stall in the stabl"? because she had borne him a daughter, not a son. That man had cheated a Chickasaw chief out of a hundred acres of land and married Ellen as part of his"?desig"? for greatness. Rosa helps explain why Henry killed Charles Bon rather than let him marry Judith to this book's narrator, Quentin Compson. For 10 points, name this novel about Thomas Sutpen, one of many works set in Yoknapatawpha County by William Faulkner.;;Absalom, Absalom
Biology;;One experiment to investigate this enzyme used nickel-binding histidine residues to affix one end of it to a glass surface and allow researchers to observe a rotating actin filament bonded to its other end. Its beta subunits can assume three different configurations with different binding affinities for its substrate, and this enzyme is inhibited by compounds like oligomycin and vancomycin. This enzyme's alpha/beta hexamer and gamma"?stal"? comprise its F1 complex, and a, b, and c subunits comprise its F0 complex. This enzyme's action is driven by proton flow across the mitochondrial membrane. For 10 points, name this enzyme that adds an inorganic phosphate group to ADP.;;ATP synthase
Pop Culture;;This author recounted accidentally stealing the cookies of a man next to whom he was waiting for a train in The Salmon of Doubt. One of his titular characters must become the"?Person from Porloc"? in order to prevent a ghost from possessing Coleridge. This author of Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency is most famous for a series that includes the questions"?How many roads must a man walk down"? and"?What do you get if you multiply six by nine"? That series features the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything, 42, and the adventures of Arthur Dent and Ford Prefect. For 10 points, name this British humorist and author of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.;;(Douglas) Adams
Religion/Mythology;;Bali received this figure in the form of a Brahmin, inspiring the Raksha Bandhan festival and the tying of rakhi to symbolize love between siblings. The puja named for Kubera and this figure is often performed before weddings, and she is usually depicted wearing red clothes with gold accents. She is accompanied by two elephants spraying water from their trunks, and she rides Ulooka, an owl. The churning of the sea brought up Siva and this lotus-holding goddess, who is particularly celebrated during the full moon and a holiday whose name means"?row of lamps"? For 10 points, name this goddess of wealth and prosperity worshipped during Diwali, the consort of Vishnu.;;Lakshmi|(Maha)lakshmi
World History;;One unit used to carry out this campaign had originally convened in Berlin and was led during the bulk of the campaign by Esref Kuscubasi, and this campaign was carried out by the Tehcir Law. This event was initiated by a day later dubbed"?Red Sunday"? Notable sites of resistance to it include Shabin-Karahisar and Musa Dagh. This movement, whose discussion is forbidden by Article 301, was carried out by the government of Enver Pasha. For 10 points, name this event during which the Ottoman Empire systematically slaughtered its citizens of a certain ethnic group, despite what the current government of Turkey claims.;;Armenian genocide
Earth Science;;A formation-based classification of these entities is due to Lucas and Howarth. One type of them with high sand concentration in Sweden is called Veiki, and another class of these structures is named for De Geer. Flow over a sandur is channelized when the snout has retreated from one type of this structure. Large, rippled ridges characterize the Rogen type. Irregularities in a glacier's retreat lead to the"?recessiona"? type. Norway's Giant's Wall is an example of the"?termina"? type, while side basin shearing gives lateral ones. They are composed of an undifferentiated mix of rock and soil called till. For 10 points, name these rock deposits left by glaciers.;;moraine(s)
Art;;This man experimented with pointillism in paintings like The Story of a Seamstress and charcoal drawings like Head and House and Light. A crowd of people rushes toward an illuminated doorway with the word CAFE above it in one of this man's paintings.  Examples of this artist's painting include Riot in the Gallery, The Street Enters the House, as well as The Farewells, one of a set of three paintings by this man called States of Mind. He is most famous for sculptures such as a bronze one of a human figure striding forward with fabric-like projections streaming behind it. For 10 points, identify this Futurist painter and sculptor of Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.;;(Umberto) Boccioni
Economics;;One work by this thinker labels the impact of forced saving on capital intensity the"?concertina caus"? of business cycles. He outlined the evolutionary processes behind current moral conventions in a work that argues that universalizable laws create the maximum freedom and justice. That book by this author of Prices and Production contains a postscript that rejects the title doctrine because it offers no alternative to the current state of politics. Another work by him examines Nazi Germany and asserts that any form of collectivism and economic planning will lead to tyranny. For 10 points, name this Austrian author of The Constitution of Liberty and The Road to Serfdom.;;(Freidrich) (August) (von) Hayek|(F.A.) Hayek
Music;;One part of this work includes a theme taken from its composer’s opera, The Voyevoda. An early part of this work makes use of the folk dance"?At the Gate, at my Gat"? after eight cellos introduce the Troparion of the Holy Cross,"?God Save Thy People"? Occasionally, Mikhail Glinka’s"?Glor"? replaces another piece quoted late in this work. At the end of this work, the melody from"?God Save the Tsa"? is introduced after a swarming cadenza arises from a horn fanfare based on La Marseillaise. For 10 points, identify this work that features a carillon imitating church bells and sixteen cannons, a creation of Pyotr Tchaikovsky celebrating the Russian defeat of Napoleon.;;1812 Overture|(The) (Year) 1812(,) (Festival) Overture (in) (E) (flat) (major|)|Tchaikovsky Op. 49
Chemistry;;An example of a subset of this type of reaction is the reaction of sulfur dioxide with butadiene, a cheletropic reaction. Photochemically induced examples include the DeMayo reaction. Many alkaloids are synthesized using the 1,3 dipolar variant of this subtype of pericyclic reactions, the 2+2 type of which is thermally forbidden. The endo product is preferred in the reaction of this type in which an alkene reacts with a conjugated diene to produce cyclohexene derivatives. The combination of unsaturated molecules to form a cyclic product with a reduction in bond multiplicity is, for 10 points, what kind of reaction exemplified by the Diels-Alder reaction?;;cycloaddition;;pericyclic (reactions)|Diels-Alder (reaction)
Literature;;In this play, the lines"?sleep rosebus"? and"?sleep carnatio"? follow mention of a lullaby, while one character drops orange blossoms a few days after hearing the neighing of another character's horse. Those two characters disappear together, leading all of the attendants at the title event to form a search party. The mother of a main character wishes her son had been born a girl so that he would not"?find death by gun or knif"?. Act III features a discussion with three woodcutters and the entrance of both the Moon and Death.   Eventually, that groom meets death disguised as a beggar woman before fighting Leonardo Felix to the death. For 10 points, name this play depicting the title event, a work of Federico Garcia Lorca.;;Blood Wedding|Bodas de Sangre
United States History;;One institution blamed for this event was successfully defended in court by the firm of Knox and Reed. Elias Unger, the president of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, tried unsuccessfully to prevent it. Further adding to the chaos was a fire that began at the Stone Bridge. The first major relief effort for Clara Barton’s Red Cross, this event was determined to be an"?act of God"? although many blamed Henry Clay Frick and Andrew Carnegie’s resort club for lowering the South Fork Dam. For 10 points, name this 1889 disaster which killed over 2,000 people and saw torrents of water wipe out a Pennsylvania city.;;Johnstown (Flood)|Great Flood of 1889
Geography;;This nation contains a former residence of the Radzivil Family called Mir Castle, and this nation was the home to the Bielski Brothers. This nation's south contains marshes created by the Pripet River and is the source of the Neman River. This nation contains the Bug River and a fortress on that river was the site of the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Containing the city of Mahilyow on the Dneiper River and receiving heavy fallout from the Chernobyl disaster, this nation has been led since 1994 by Alexander Lukashenko. For 10 points, name this former Soviet Republic north of Ukraine sometimes referred to as"?White Russi"? which has its capital at Minsk.;;Belarus
Philosophy;;One work by this thinker contends that real thinkers are"?commanders and law-giver"? and rejects philosophical laborers. Another work by this man uses camels, lions, and dragons to represent three metamorphoses of human life. That work expands this man’s formulation of eternal recurrence introduced in a work that states"?we have kille"? a certain figure whose shadow we cannot overcome. This man argued for the prevalence of the ubermench in a work narrated by the titular Zoroastrian prophet. For 10 points, name this German philosopher, author of Beyond Good and Evil, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, and The Gay Science who declared that"?God is dea"?.;;(Friedrich) (Wilhelm) Nietzsche
Biology;;This organ produces the tetrapeptide threonine-lysine-proline-arginine, known as tuftsin, and one part of it expresses a receptor with"?collagenous structur"? called MARCO. This structure is enlarged in Banti's syndrome. Sheaths around blood vessels in this structure are known as PALS. Unlike most of the gut, this organ forms from mesenchymal tissue, and this organ contains the cords of Billroth. This organ's marginal zone separates its red and white pulp; the former contains around half of the body's monocytes, and the later makes antibodies. Enlarged in mono, for 10 points, name this organ that filters the blood and lymph.;;spleen
Literature;;The speaker of this work judges"?thy sword with its curve of lightnin"? more beautiful than"?thy wristlet, decked with stars"? Darius Milhaud set to music Andre Gide's French translation of this work. It mentions the"?Kings of King"? who presses"?the signet of eternity"? The speaker compares himself to a beggar maid and mentions a sea of light where butterflies spread their sails. One section of this collection begins"?On the seashore of endless worlds children meet"? Ending with the image of a"?flock of homesick crane"?, for 10 points, name this set of poems by Rabindranath Tagore.;;Gitanjali
Art;;One of this director’s films introduced the cheery song"?High Hopes"? while another describes the presidential campaign of Grant Matthews. Besides A Hole in the Head and State of the Union, this man directed a film about a"?pixilate"? man who helps starving farmers and another film where Ellie gets a car to stop by exposing her leg. This director of the original Mr. Deeds Comes to Town and It Happened One Night cast Jimmy Stewart as both a naive young Senator and as a manger of a building and loan firm named George Bailey. For 10 points, name this director of such films as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and It’s a Wonderful Life.;;(Frank) Capra
World History;;Hieronymous Balbus represented Hungary at this meeting and unsuccessfully asked for help defending Belgrade from the Turks. Johann von Eck was the presiding officer at this event. Prior to this meeting, the bull Exurge Domine was issued by Leo X. One participant left this meeting in a burlap sack, as he had been kidnapped for his protection and taken to Wartburg by his supporter, Frederick the Wise of Saxony. This council condemned 41 beliefs as heretical and was called by a young Charles V. For 10 points name this 1521 council convoked to deal with that rascally Martin Luther.;;Diet of Worms
Art;;One of this man's portraits shows the wife of Bartolomeo Ammanati pointing to an open book. In another portrait, a gold necklace inlaid with the words"?Sans fin amour dur"? adorns a woman in a rose pink dress with mauve velvet sleeves. Besides depicting poetess Laura Battiferri and Lucrezia Panciatichi, the Palazzo Vecchio contains this man's Crossing of the Red Sea. Eleonora of Toledo and her husband Cosimo de Medici were frequent portrait subjects of this student of Pontormo, who also depicted Venus holding a golden apple as Cupid fondles her breast and kisses her. For 10 points, name this painter of Andrea Doria as Neptune and Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time.;;(Agnolo) Bronzino|(Agnolo) (di) Cosimo
Physics;;Wilson loops arise in a computationally tractable model of this force that uses a lattice to simplify path integrals. In one context, this force obeys a screened Coulomb potential named for Hideki Yukawa and operates via meson exchange, its"?residua"? form. Separating particles bound by this interaction, which is modeled by the SU3 group, requires enough energy to form particle-antiparticle pairs that bind to the original particles, meaning that those particles are never free, a phenomenon known as confinement. This force becomes weak at small distances and binds quarks with gluons. For 10 points, name this fundamental force, the most powerful of the four.;;strong (nuclear) (force)|strong (interaction)
Religion/Mythology;;An angelic being who talks to this figure describes battling"?the prince of Persi"? and"?the prince of Greece"? Gabriel tells this man that"?seventy ‘sevens’ are decree"? to atone for wickedness. This figure told Ashpenaz that he would not eat royal food and wine. He interpreted a ruler’s dream by proclaiming that king would live like a wild beast. He also interpreted the words"?Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsi"? at Belshazzar’s feast. Three of this man’s friends managed to survive being thrown into a fiery furnace by Nebuchadnezzar. For 10 points, name this Biblical prophet who, in his namesake book, survives being thrown into a lion’s s den.;;Daniel|Belteshazzar
World History;;This man was censured by his party for a militant speech in Sophiatown. Prior to being prosecuted, this man gave the"?I am Prepared to Di"? speech. He was one of the defendants at the"?Treason Trial"? where he was defended by Bram Fischer. Known for a time as the Black Pimpernel, he was put on trial at Rivona for his actions related to the Spear of the Nation movement, the military branch of his party. He was imprisoned on Robben Island until being released by F.W. de Klerk. For 10 points, name this leader of the African National Congress, who fought for the end of apartheid before becoming president of South Africa.;;(Nelson) (Rolihlahla) Mandela|Madiba
Literature;;One character created by a member of this family watches Verdi’s Otello while fighting a need to go the bathroom; that character learns that Fat Vince is his father after being stalked by Frank the Phone and directing a film for Fielding Goodney. That member of this family, the creator of John Self, also wrote a novel about the Holocaust doctor Odilo Unverdorben that uses reverse chronology. Another member of this family wrote a novel about a man who mocks Professor Welch during a drunken speech on"?Merrie England"? For 10 points, give this surname shared by the author of Money and Time's Arrow and the author of Lucky Jim, Martin and his father Kingsley.;;Amis|(Martin) Amis|(Kingsley) Amis
Religion/Mythology;;In one story of this man's birth, Zeus and Hermes instructed his father to sacrifice a bull, urinate on its hide, and bury it in his wife's grave. While visiting the smithy of Hephaestus, he was given a companion named Cedalion. In one adventure, he followed the sound of a Cyclops's hammer to Lemnos where he faced the sunrise to heal himself. This son of Poseidon and Euryale ravished Merope while drunk and then had his eyes put out by Oenopion, and after Helios restored his sight he fell in love with Eos. For 10 points, name this man who was killed either by Artemis's arrow while swimming or by a scorpion sent by Apollo, a legendary hunter.;;Orion
Art;;The central figure of one type pioneered by this man wears a panther pelt and leans on a tree, while another of his sculptures shows a god with braided hair supporting himself with one hand and raising the other to his head. A work depicting six muses, Marsyas, and Apollo has been attributed to one of his assistants, while he himself often worked with the model Phryne, who may be depicted draping a cloth over an urn in another of his works. This creator of the Resting Satyr and the Apollo Lykeios also sculpted the young god of wine sitting on another deity’s arm. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek sculptor of Hermes and the Infant Dionysus and the Aphrodite of Cnidus.;;Praxiteles (of) (Athens)
Noncomputational Math;;The Mordell conjecture about these entities was solved by Faltings's theorem. The more general Hasse's local-global principle is used to study these objects, one example of which is Bezout's identity. A method named for Stormer may be applied to their exponential types, such as that which appears in Catalan's conjecture. The proof of Matiyasevich's theorem solved Hilbert's tenth problem about these entities. Pell's equation is an example of, for 10 points, what polynomial equations whose variables take integer values, named after a third century mathematician from Greece?;;Diophantine (equations)
World History;;During one set of peace negotiations, this man advocated a position of"?no war, no peace"? and after his policy was not listened to, he resigned in favor of Georgy Chicherin. This man’s namesake ideology rejects the idea of historical stages and"?socialism within one countr"? in favor of permanent revolution. During this man’s exile in Coyoacan, he was attacked by Ramon Mercader with an ice pick. This man was tasked with forming and leading the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. For 10 points, name this early Bolshevik who was ordered assassinated by Joseph Stalin.;;(Leon) Trotsky|(Lev) (Davidovich) Bronshtein
Literature;;Several characters in this story sing the refrain"?I'm proud to live in the service of the Lord, and I'm bound to die in his arm"? to the accompaniment of an accordion played by a character known as"?The Innocent"? The end of this story features an epitaph written on a deuce of clubs pinned to a pine tree, and in an earlier scene Uncle Billy runs off with all the mules. Its central character runs into Tom Simson and Piney Woods while on the way to Sandy Bar, but the entire party gets snowed in by a blizzard and perishes, including their leader, a gambler. For 10 points, identify this story in which John Oakhurst leads the title group of exiles across the Sierras, a work by Bret Harte.;;(The) Outcasts of Poker Flat
Noncomputational Math;;A dimensionless quantity named for him is the product of the thermal diffusivity and the timescale divided by the square of the characteristic dimension, and he is also the namesake of a relation that gives the heat flux as negatively proportional to the local temperature gradient. One operation developed by this man exhibits an error called the Gibbs phenomenon. He is best known for his contributions in approximating periodic functions as a infinite series of sines and cosines. For 10 points, identify this French thinker who developed a law of thermal conductivity and whose namesake series are used to decompose periodic functions.;;(Jean-Baptiste) (Joseph) Fourier
United States History;;Some of this man’s early partners were Benjamin Lundy and Isaac Knapp. He was sued for libel by Francis Todd because of what he wrote in his column"?The Black List"? He was succeeded as president of the organization he founded by Wendell Phillips. At an 1854 rally in Framingham, this man controversially burned a copy of the Constitution, calling it a"?covenant with death"? In the first issue of his newspaper, he proclaimed"?I will not equivocate…I will not retreat a single inch-AND I WILL BE HEARD"? For 10 points, name this founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society who also published the newspaper The Liberator.;;(William) (Lloyd) Garrison
Literature;;This man constantly recalls taking a seaside morning ride with his son before that son was killed in battle. This man’s first love was Regina, a girl hanged by rebels. He was born on a mat, which presaged his humble beginnings as a friend of the mulatto Lunero, before shooting his own uncle caused this man to run away from home. This character is constantly brought back to consciousness by tapes of his dealings played back by Padilla. He married into the Bernal family for their lands and money after he betrayed the ideals of the Mexican Revolution. For 10 points, name this character, businessman who recalls his life on his deathbed in a novel by Carlos Fuentes.;;Artemio Cruz|(The) Death of Artemio Cruz|(La) Muerte de Artemio Cruz
Literature;;One character in this work is honored for his crusade against street spitting, while another character claims to know a song which drives people to fall dead if they bear the plague. In addition to Gustaf Sondelius and Almus Pickerbaugh, this novel includes Joyce Lanyon, who marries the protagonist after she is saved in St. Hubert. A germ-cultured cigarette causes the death of Leora Tozer, while its protagonist is beaten to the publishing punch on the X Principle by D’Herelle. The protagonist eventually moves to Vermont, where founds a laboratory with Terry Wickett. For 10 points, name this novel by Sinclair Lewis about a doctor who returns to a life of research.;;Arrowsmith
World History;;This battle saw heroic action by the wounded General Philip Skippon, who refused to leave his post. Members of the losing side were butchered after getting trapped at the Marston Trussell church yard. At this battle, the Northern Horse faction was led by Marmaduke Langdale and served as the left wing cavalry unit for the Royalist army. Prince Rupert of the Rhine was driven from this battle by professional dragoons. Ending in a victory for the forces of Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, for 10 points name this 1645 English Civil War battle, which saw the destruction of Charles I’s army and was the first major victory for the New Model Army.;;(Battle) (of) Naseby
Chemistry;;Along with the Gibbs-Kelvin relation, this relation appears as a b over R cubed term in the Kohler equation that relates saturation in cloud condensation nuclei. The first practical application of it was determining molecular weights of compounds through a differential thermometer developed by Ernst Beckmann. This law is applicable over large ranges for ideal systems like toluene/xylene, but otherwise requires the limiting condition of low solute concentrations. Similar to a law stating that the pressure of a gas is proportional to the concentration of a gas, for 10 points, name this law which states that the vapor pressure of a solvent is proportional to the mole fraction of a solute.;;Raoult(’s) (law)
Music;;The Pergola commissioned this man to write an opera on the life of Skanderbeg, and he drew upon his Kyrie for two movements of the Madrigalesque Concerto. He dedicated a set of Concerti to Charles VI called La Cetra, and Vettor Delfion was the dedicatee of his La estravaganza. The Ryom-Verzeichnis catalog is used to index this man's works, including twelve concerti called L’estro Armonico. His best-known works precede"?The Hun"? and"?The Sea Stor"? in The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian composer known as"?The Red Pries"?, whose four concerti"?Spring"?"?Summer"?"?Autumn"? and"?Winte"? make up The Four Seasons.;;(Antonio) Vivaldi
World History;;Count Miloradovich was murdered while attempting to negotiate with leaders of this event. Lieutenant Panov led an unsuccessful assault on the place during this event. This event was planned by the Union of Salvation. Pavel Pestel and Prince Troubetzkoy led this event’s southern and northern factions. The northern leaders were attacked by artillery and forced to flee to the icy Neva River. For 10 points, name this 1825 Russian rebellion whose participants demanded a constitution, in which numerous army officers pledged allegiance to Constantine instead of Nicholas I during a certain month.;;Decembrist (Revolt)
Geography;;Monkey Bay is a major port located on this body which lies near Cape Maclear. It is near the city of Mangochi, which lies between the southernmost point of this body and Lake Malombe. In the only recorded battle on this body, the HMS Gwendolyn destroyed the German boat Hermann von Wissemann The largest river flowing into this lake is the Ruhuhu River, and it is drained by the Shire River which flows into the Zambezi. For 10 points, name this lake located southeast of Lake Tanganyika, which is shared by Mozambique, Tanzania, and its namesake country.;;(Lake) Malawi|(Lake) Nyasa
World History;;As a child, this man was tutored by Hirate Masahide, who committed suicide after being shamed by this man’s bad behavior. This commander defeated the Azai and Asakura clans at the Battle of Anegawa, while after this man’s death, his opponents were defeated at the Battle of Yamazaki. This man destroyed a superior force from the rival Imagawa faction at the Battle of Okehazama. Akechi Mitsuhide betrayed this ruler at Honno-Ji, thereby causing him to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this first unifier of Japan, later succeeded by such leaders as Tokugawa.;;Oda (Nobunaga)
Literature;;The protagonist of this work promises a twelve-year-old"?a kingdom"? which later manifests itself as promises of"?castles in the air"? A fire in this work causes two infant twins to be killed when they drink milk addled by fever. Kaia Fosli is an assistant to the this work’s central character, who fears that Ragnar Brovik will eclipse him in his profession, which calls on him to put a ceremonial object on the weather vane of a cathedral. The end of this work sees the central character climb the high central spire of his home to lay a ceremonial wreath, but fall to his death. For 10 points, name this Henrik Ibsen play whose title character is the architect Halvard Solness.;;(The) Master Builder|Bygmester Solness
Biology;;Defects in DHAP acyltransferase and alkyl DHAP synthase result in faulty plasmalogen synthesis, which causes impaired biogenesis of this organelle in patients suffering from rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Mutations in phytanic acid metabolism in this structure are the primary cause of Refsum's disease, while the congenital deficiency of its characteristic enzyme occurs in patients with Takahara’s disease. They contain an enzyme that requires a haematin prosthetic group to reduce the product of superoxide dismutase, called catalase. For 10 points, name these organelles which decompose a toxic namesake hydrogen compound.;;peroxisome(s)
United States History;;This collection points out that prosperity in commerce inevitably leads to war in a section that argues for the utility of economic unity. Under the pen name"?Brutu"?, Robert Yates wrote a response to another essay in it that argues that documents like the Magna Carta ultimately threaten the freedom guaranteed by republican constitutions. This work that opposed the Bill of Rights contains another essay that argues for the double security provided by a system of checks and balances. Written under the pseudonym"?Publiu"?, for 10 points, name this collection of essays supporting the ratification of the Constitution by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.;;(the) Federalist Papers
Art;;One artist of this group depicted nude women in idyllic landscapes in works such as Maya, Mirror of Illusions and Hermes and the Infant Dionysus. One member portrayed James Moore in his Chez Moquin, while another enjoyed painting dancers as in Theatre Scene but more characteristically depicted a brawl between black and white men. Besides Arthur Davies and William Glackens, this group included the painter of The Wake of the Ferry and McSorley's Bar, and was marked by works such as Houston Street and Snow in New York. For 10 points, name this group of American realist painters including Robert Henri and the Aschan school, named for their number.;;(The) Eight;;Ashcan (school)
Religion/Mythology;;A god thought to be cognate to this deity is the grandfather of the first king, Kon the Young. The Skaldic poem Husdrapa relates a story in which this god turns into a seal to avenge the theft of Freya’s necklace Brisengamen. During the funeral of Baldur, this god rode the horse Gulltop. The Voluspa claims that all of the"?holy races / greater and lesse"? are kinsmen of this resident of Himinbjorg, who was said to be the son of nine mothers. This deity, who is identified with Rig, will kill and be killed by Loki at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this whitest of the Aesir, the blower of the Gjallarhorn whose ability to hear grass growing aids him in guarding Bifrost.;;Heimdall(r);;Rig
Physics;;As a modification to this experiment, two massive lead blocks were added in the Hammar experiment, and Dayton Miller's results from repeating this experiment were found anomalous. Its results were confirmed by another experiment in which parallel plate capacitors failed to orient themselves perpendicularly to the direction of motion. FitzGerald and Lorentz proposed that length contraction could explain its results, which showed the lack of any interference fringes, indicating that the speed of light was constant. For 10 points, identify this experiment which provided evidence against the theory of a luminiferous aether, conducted by two American physicists.;;Michelson-Morley (experiment)
Music;;One character in this work pretends to sing a fashionable song from"?The Vain Precautio"? in a scene that ends in the quintet"?Buona Ser"?. This opera’s tenor pretends to be a drunken soldier when he meets the servant girl Berta, while in the aria"?Calumny is a little breez"?, Doctor Bartolo receives advice from Don Basilio. Its popular overture was intended for its composer’s Aureliano in Palmira, while its first act sees Rosina describe her love for Lindoro in"?Una voce poco f"?. This opera’s title character first appears singing the aria"?Largo al Factotu"? and aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina. For 10 points, name this opera about Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.;;(The) Barber of Seville (or) (the) (Useless) (Precaution)|(Il) Barbiere di Siviglia(,) (ossia) (L’inutile) (precauzione)
Economics;;One of this man's contributions gives the endogenous development of"?core"? and"?peripherie"? in a general equilibrium framework as an attempt to understand the development of cities. Another of his contributions explored the role of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition in international trade that did away with Ricardo's model of comparative advantage. Those developments by this man are called"?new economic geograph"? and"?new trade theor"? models. He is better known for writing books such as The Return of Depression Economics. For 10 points, identify this Princeton economist who won the 2008 Nobel Prize and who wrote The Conscience of a Liberal.;;(Paul) Krugman
Literature;;Joshua Riggs inherits the estate of one character in this novel, while another character becomes ill after he is unable to sell a horse for profit. Fred Vincy takes up a position in a seminary and marries Mary Garth in this novel, while Fred's sister Rosamond quarrels with her husband, who is accused of conspiring with the banker Bulstrode in the death of Raffles. Another character in this work never finishes a treatise called"?The Key to All Mythologie"?, feuds with a cousin, and leaves a will which gives his wife his estate if she doesn't marry Will Ladislaw. After Edward Casaubon dies, Ladislaw marries Dorothea Brooke in, for 10 points, which novel by George Eliot?;;Middlemarch(:) (A) (Study) (in) (Provincial) (Life)
Pop Culture;;The singer of this song says"?someone call the docto"? because she’s"?stuck on a roller coaster"? The singer also says the listener"?used to laugh about nothing"? but now he’s"?plain boring"? The music video for this song features the singer bringing in a zebra.  The singer contemptuously tells the listener"?you PMS like a bitch, I would know"? The framing story on the video sees the singer chase her fiance who is waffling about saying"?I do"? In the chorus, the singer says"?we fight, we break up, we kiss, we make up"? For 10 points, name this 2008 Katy Perry song where she chastises the listener for swinging through the two titular temperatures.;;Hot ‘n Cold
Biology;;One of these substances is used in an analytical technique whose tris-glycine buffer system was developed by Ulrich Laemmli, which can be followed by the addition of Coomassie dyes. These substances, as wetting agents, encourage flocculation, and the aforementioned example of these substances is used to denature proteins. Below the Krafft temperature, they form micelles, and cleaning agents that deal better with grease and hard water than soap can employ these substances, one of which is SDS. A major type of emulsifier, these substances possess hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. For 10 points, name these substances that reduce the surface tension of liquids.;;surfactant(s)|detergent(s)
World History;;According to legend, an evil princess named Yodit once killed every member of this country’s royal family and ruled for forty years. With the help of foreign musketeers, this country won the Battle of Wayna Daga, a victory over the Muslim Adal Empire. Yekuno Amlak overthrew this country’s Zagwe dynasty. An era of instability in this country was called the"?Age of the Prince"? and was ended by Tewodros II. This country won the Battle of Adwa against Italy and its great rulers include Menelik II. For 10 points, name this nation once ruled by Haile Selassie, with capital at Addis Ababa.;;Ethiopia
Literature;;One scene in this work describes a man earlier arrested at a post office who went mad from studying too much. Reverend Hammond places a cross around the neck of this work's protagonist, who had earlier discussed robbing a deli. Its protagonist tells Britten that the Jan Erlone is Jewish in an attempt to frame him. One character in this work announces that he has sent some Ping-Pong tables to the South Side Boys’ Club, but Boris A. Max later reveals him to be a racist slum lord. The title character kills Bessie and throws her down an air shaft after a reporter discovers an earring among the ashes of Mary Dalton in, for 10 points, which work about Bigger Thomas by Richard Wright?;;Native Son
Art;;This man depicted Venus chastising Cupid for poring over accounting charts. One of his works shows a Polynesian man with tatooes on his arm and a white turban. Another portrait shows a myopic Italian literary critic reading intensely to counter accusations of murdering a pimp. Besides depictions of Omai and Giuseppe Baretti, his portrait of Charles Burney was amongst the Streatham Worthies he painted for Henry Thrale. Those paintings included depictions of Edmund Burke and Samuel Johnson, and this paragon of the"?Grand Styl"? also depicted a pale figure holding a dagger next to Sarah Siddons. For 10 points, name this painter and rival of Thomas Gainsborough.;;(Joshua) Reynolds
Religion/Mythology;;Participants in one purification ritual in this religion touch the left ear of a dog to drive out evil spirits. Its adherents believe that wicked souls will be dragged by a demon into the House of Lies while virtuous souls will be allowed entrance into the House of Songs after successfully crossing Chinvat. A tree that begat the first man and woman sprang from the body of this religion’s first human, Gayomart. One sect of this faith worships the indifferent manifestation of time, Zurvan. Dead adherents of this faith are sometimes eaten by vultures after being placed in Towers of Silence. For 10 points, name this religion centering on the conflict between Ahriman and Ahura Mazda.;;Zoroastrian(ism)|Zarathustran(ism)
World History;;This navy failed to prevent amphibious invasions of its homeland during Operation Baytown and Operation Husky. In one conflict, its ship, the Ramb was destroyed by the New Zealand cruiser Leander. This navy first saw major action as an ally of Prussia during the Seven Weeks War. This navy was defeated by Admiral Tegetthoff at the Battle of Lissa in 1866, and was attacked by Admiral Miklos Horthy during the Battle of the Otranto Barage in World War I, both of which were battles this navy fought against Austria in the Adriatic Sea. For 10 points, name this navy whose ships included the Marco Polo and Leonardo Da Vinci and which was based in Rome.;;Italian (Navy)
Physics;;For a dilute gas, this quantity is proportional to the square root of the product of mass and temperature, divided by collision diameter squared times the collision integral. This quantity scales from a reference temperature, for an ideal gas, as the square root of temperature. Those results are the Chapman-Enskog equation and Sutherland’s formula. This quantity varies over time in thixotropic materials and with applied shear in shear-thinning materials. This quantity, the ratio of shear stress to shear velocity, is zero for Newtonian fluids, and superfluidity occurs when this quantity is zero. For 10 points, name this property of fluids, which measures resistance to flow?;;viscosity
Anthropology;;This man asserted that culture was not a"?concrete realit"? and could not be directly observed in a collection that also contained a work that outlined an affinity based on either mutual or asymmetrical ritual antagonizing. This author of an essay collection including"?On Joking Relationship"? examined the importance of the different aspects of the hoard in the titular Aboriginal society. Another book by him distinguished between ceremonial, technical, and moral customs and posited that the titular Pacific people may have African or Melanesian roots. For 10 points, name this British anthropologist and proponent of structural functionalism, the author of The Andaman Islanders.;;(Alfred) (Reginald) Radcliffe(-)Brown
Literature;;One character in this novel wakes up every morning to see the dark-blue-bordered handkerchief with which she smothered a baby, while another character is forced to wear a heavy picture of a black poodle around her neck. The spymaster Afranius serves a character who insists on being addressed as"?Hegemo"? and who is also served by Mark the Ratkiller. In its opening section, the head of MASSOLIT is beheaded by a trolley in front of Ivan Bezdomny. Its first title character wrote a novel about Pontius Pilate and Christ and eventually leaves Moscow with the other title character and Woland, who is Satan in disguise. For 10 points, name this Mikhail Bulgakov novel.;;(The) Master and Margarita
Music;;A G-major waltz section in the first movement of this work abruptly ends in a massive sforzando c-minor chord followed by six more sforzando chords in a row. The second movement, in E major, features a c-sharp minor clarinet solo over syncopated strings and ends in a long, peaceful E-major chord. The score to this piece was given to Anselm Huttenbrenner, who didn’t release it until years after its composer’s death. However, the sketches of the finale of this work may have become the entr’acte of the composer’s incidental music to Rosamunde. Written in B minor, for 10 points, identify this work with only two extant movements, the last symphony of Franz Schubert.;;(Franz) Schubert(’s) (Symphony) (No.) 8 (in) (B) (minor)|Unfinished (Symphony)|D.759|Schubert's 8th (Symphony)
Pop Culture;;This man once framed his partner, Mendel Stromm, for embezzlement. When he was thought to be dead, he was leading the Scrier cabal. The famous anti-drugs storyline in The Amazing Spider-Man used him as the villain, while the creators of Spider-Man broke up because they couldn’t agree on his public identity. In Dark Reign, this man was appointed as S.H.I.E.L.D. director. The Sins Past storyline revealed that this man had children with a woman he would later kill, Gwen Stacy, while One More Day revived his son, Harry. For 10 points, name this Spider-Man villain whose real name is Norman Osborn and who rides around on a glider throwing pumpkin bombs.;;Green Goblin;;Goblin|Norman Osborn
Astronomy;;One type of these objects features a phenomenon wherein luminosity scales up by the Doppler factor raised to three minus the spectral index; that is relativistic beaming. The velocity dispersion of another class of these objects is related to their luminosity by the Faber-Jackson relation. The first type is first classified as radio-quiet or radio-loud and an early subtype to be discovered was named for Carl Seyfert. Classes of these objects lie on the Hubble tuning fork and include lenticular and elliptical, and the Sun is located in one of the spiral arms of one of these objects.. For 10 points, name these astronomical objects that include the Milky Way.;;galaxies;;active galactic nuclei
Geography;;Its border with its southern neighbor is formed by the Rio Coco, and its western Amapala municipality is located on the volcanic island El Tigre. Rivers in this nation include the Patuca and Sico. Bay Island is found in this country’s namesake gulf, and the western part of this country contains the Sierra Madres. The Caratasca Lagoon is in the southeastern portion of this country, cities in which include Comayaqua and Danli. This country borders Guatemala to the north, El Salvador to the west, and Nicaragua to the south. For 10 points, name this Central American country with capitol at Tegucigalpa.;;Honduras
Literature;;In one work by this author, a character repeatedly claims to need to"?get down to Sidcu"? and retrieve papers which would prove that his name is"?Mac Davie"? rather than"?Bernard Jenkin"?. That character is later evicted after Mick smashes a bust of Buddha while yelling at Aston. Another of this man’s plays is set at Meg and Peter Boles’s boardinghouse and sees Lulu give a drum to Stanley, who is taken away after the title event by Goldberg and McCann. A third play by this man sees two men argue about the phrase"?light the kettl"?; that work ends with Ben aiming a gun at Gus. For 10 points, name this author of The Caretaker, The Birthday Party, and The Dumbwaiter.;;(Harold) Pinter
World History;;Ignatius White was a diplomat who attempted to convince France to oppose this event. Support for this event was drummed up by Hans Bentick. This event was planned and favored by Henry Sydney, who led the"?Immortal Seven"? This event saw the calling of the"?Convention Parliament"? and it was sparked by fears that the son of Mary of Modena would inherit the throne. Supporters of this event took the name"?Whig"? and favored property rights while opposing Catholicism. For 10 points name this 1688 event that replaced James II of England with William and Mary.;;Glorious (Revolution)
Philosophy;;One essay by this thinker posited that men progress from rule of instinct to rule of reason in another work, and he aruged that the goal of philosophy should be to guide society to harmony. This author of"?The Characteristics of the Present Ag"? and"?Some Lectures Concerning the Scholar’s Vocatio"? and argued that consciousness arises from the"?relation of righ"? and in another work, he concluded that the all divine knowledge must be consistent with moral law. For 10 points, name this German author of Foundations of Natural Right who formulated Wissenschaftslehre and wrote Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation.;;(Johann) (Gottlieb) Fichte
Biology;;In conifers, this tissue contains cells that secrete phenol derivatives that defend against fungi. Van Bel offers a three-part classification of this tissue. Gymnosperms contain cells in this tissue named for Strasburger. It contains cells with extra ribosomes and mitochondria, many of which collect material through plasmodesmata connections; those cells work along with cells with few vacuoles and no nucleus that form a channel terminated by a sieve plate. Munch's pressure flow hypothesis addresses its transport mechanism. Unlike its counterpart, this tissue is alive. For 10 points, name this tissue found in vascular plants that transports food, unlike the water-transporting xylem.;;phloem
United States History;;This man rallied a Yale student militia to defend a British assault on New Haven. This man asked for monetary assistance from the Marques de Casa Irujo and mustered his forces on Blennerhassett Island. Eventually, he informed General James Wilkinson of his plan to invade Mexico. Acquitted of treason at his trial, this man had earlier presided over the impeachment of Samuel Chase. He enlisted Tammany Hall to win Thomas Jefferson the state of New York in 1800 and received an equal number of electoral votes in the election, forcing the House to choose a winner. For 10 points, name this Vice-President who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.;;(Aaron) Burr
Literature;;One of his poems notes that"?Numb Anton"?"?lies like a copper pal"? by a"?hot sea and a rive"? and another poem claims"?the great hexameters come to the conclusions of exhausted sur"? and that"?the classics can console/But not enough"? In one work by this poet of"?Egypt Tobag"? and"?Sea Grape"?, Basil forces the corporal to admit his love of Africa and Mostique tells Makak to profit from his healing powers. Another of his plays sees Ma Kilman heal Philoctete and centers around Achille and Omeros, who are fisherman living on St. Lucia. For 10 points, name this Carribean-born author of Dream on Monkey Mountain and Omeros.;;(Derek) Walcott
Art;;His design of the Brick Country House was compared to Theo Von Doesburg’s Russian Dance. This architect of the Wolf House in Poland also worked on the Frederichstrasse Skyscraper project in Berlin. One building designed by this architect consists of horizontal slabs which sandwich a single room made of white-painted steel and floor-to-ceiling glass, while another of his major works features blinds with only three positions and contains the Four Seasons restaurant. For 10 points, name this last director of the Bauhaus, who designed the Farnsworth House, collaborated with Philip Johnson on the Seagram building, and was known for his maxim"?less is more"?;;(Ludwig) Mies (van) (der) (Rohe)|(Maria) (Ludwig) (Michael) Mies
Religion/Mythology;;The omniscience of one of these figures couldn’t save him from being flung into space from a millet stalk, while another of these figures owns a pair of jewels that control the tides. One group of these figures travels around on the Treasure Ship and includes an individual who grew a skeleton after being born a leech child. Another of them owns a ring of drums with which he creates thunder. They also include a dancer who married the guardian of the bridge between heaven and earth and created such merriment that the one representing the sun emerged from her cave. For 10 points, identify these deities that include Ryujin, Raijin, Uzume, and Amaterasu.;;kami
Literature;;This character owns"?the nicest little black bitch of pointe"? the owner of Barton Park has ever seen, and he promises to bring another character a horse from his estate at Somersetshire. He leaves during a heavy rain after his first appearance, in which he appears in hunting garb and assists a character with a twisted ankle. He eventually marries the rich Miss Grey after losing the allowance he received from a relative who had gotten wind of his affair with the ward of Colonel Brandon. For 10 points, name this dashing rogue who is distrusted by Elinor and who throws over Marianne Dashwood in Jane Austen’s Sense & Sensibility.;;(John) Willoughby;;John
Noncomputational Math;;One of this type of operation is used to effect a time-step on a temperature distribution on an infinite rod and employs a Gaussian with exponent coefficient one over four t; that one is named for Weierstrass. These operations employ a function of two variables, one a dummy, called the"?kernel functio"? or"?nucleu"?; the kernel is two t over square root of t squared minus u squared for the Abel one. One of these operations is unitary according to Parseval's theorem and moves from the time domain to the frequency domain. For 10 points, name this type of map which uses its namesake operation to take a function to another function, one example of which is named for Fourier.;;(integral) transform(s)|Abel transform|Weierstrass transform|Fourier transform
Art;;Eight angels hold lilies high and sing antiphons in this man's Raczynski Tondo, while Cosmas and Damian in red kneel amongst six saints in this man's Sant'Ambrogio Altarpiece. His narrative works include a pair on The Story of Virginia and The Story of Lucretia. He used vast amounts of gold for robes and a crown of stars for a work which has the mother and child holding a pomegranate as the Virgin writes in a book, The Madonna of the Magnificat. Agnolo Poliziano's Verses inspired another work, which has one of the Horae offer a cloak with flowers to the title figure, who is blown towards the shore by the Zephyrs. For 10 points, name this painter of the Birth of Venus.;;(Sandro) Botticelli|(Alessandro) (di) (Mariano) (di) (Vanni) Filipeppi
World History;;This figure's brother and wife Fulvia were defeated in a short lived war in the city of Perugia. This man was defeated at a battle which saw the deaths of the consuls Hirtius and Pansa. This figure was the father of Alexander Helios. While serving as Magister Equitum, this figure violently quelled a series of riots in Rome. This loser at the Battle of Mutina was the subject of Cicero's Philippics, and with the passage of the Lex Titia this man joined a group alongside Marcus Lepidus. For 10 points, identify this figure who, with Octavian, won at the Battle of Philippi, but later lost at the Battle of Actium alongside Cleopatra.;;(Mark) Antony|Marcus Antonius
Economics;;One work by this author claims that companies that control two-thirds of output act to minimize risk rather than maximize profit, since they are controlled not by their shareholders, but by technostructure. That work tracks how large corporations use futures to minimize the volatility of raw materials prices and how they undermine supply and demand via advertising and vertical integration. Another work by this author described the growing wealth of the American private sector while public infrastructure remained impoverished and popularized the phrase"?conventional wisdom"? For 10 points, name this author of The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.;;(John) (Kenneth) Galbraith
Literature;;This play's chorus refers to a character"?sprung of a drago"? who is"?a savage monster in his very mien... like some murderous giant pitted against heave"? before they summon an earthquake and raze his palace. A tree is bent down to allow that character to sit atop the forest, and he had earlier demanded the cutting of another character's sacred locks. Tiresias' criticisms of those who refuse to engage in the rites prevents his demise, while Cadmus is presented with the head of his grandson by his daughter Agave, who joined the maenads in ripping him apart. For 10 points, name this play which ends with Dionysus' vengeance on Pentheus and the royal family of Thebes, a work of Euripides.;;(The) Bacchae|(The) Bacchantes
Physics;;The sun decreases this entity's linking number, called its helicity, in coronal mass ejections. In the presence of this entity, the Lyman alpha transition exhibits ten lines instead of two, and the wave propagation vector is parallel to this entity in Alfven waves. An armature rotates within a stator that generates this phenomenon in a dynamo, and this entity is expelled from a superconductor in the Meissner effect. This quantity is proportional to the integral around a loop of wire of the wire element cross the unit vector to the wire over the distance to the wire squared. For 10 points, give this entity, which exerts a force on a charged particle proportional to velocity's cross product with it.;;magnetic field|B (field)
United States History;;One case during this man’ s time as Chief Justice ruled that it was unconstitutional for the federal government to cancel one’s citizenship as punishment. Another case during this man’s tenure revolved around a break-in at a pool room in Florida. This man’s court ruled that children at an Iowa school could wear black armbands as a sign of protest. The Chief Justice during such cases as Tinker v. Des Moines and Gideon v. Wainwright, this man wrote the majority opinion for the case which ruled"?separate but equa"? unconstitutional, Brown v. Board of Education. For 10 points, name this liberal who served as Chief Justice from 1953 to 1969.;;(Earl) Warren
Art;;Bill Viola was recently commissioned to create two plasma-screen altarpieces for this structure, while Grinling Gibbons created its choir stalls and organ case. The towers on its west end each consist of a central cylinder and a quartet of paired buttress-topped Corinthian columns. The wrought-iron gates at its east entrance, like its screens and grilles, were produced by Jean Tijou. The north aisle of its nave features the chapel of St. Dunstan. It features the external Stone and Golden Galleries above its Whispering Gallery, which is found under its 365-foot triple-shelled dome. For 10 points, name this Baroque cathedral on Ludgate Hill in London, the masterpiece of Christopher Wren.;;St. Paul’s (Cathedral)
World History;;This ruler ordered the execution of Lucas Notaras, allegedly because of Notaras’s opposition to pederasty. Alliances against this ruler include the League of Lezhe. At the Battle of Vaslui, Stephen the Great of Moldavia defeated this man. He defeated the White Sheep tribe and conquered the Despotate of Morea and the Empire of Trebizond. This ruler was the son of Murad II. In his most famous action, this he used logs to carry ships across the Golden Horn and made a mosque of the Hagia Sophia. For 10 points, name this Ottoman sultan who captured Constantinople.;;Mehmet (II|the Second){1}?|Mehmet (the) Conqueror|Fatih (Sultan) Mehmet;;Mehmet
Pop Culture;;At one point in this film, a character misidentifies the star of High Noon as John Wayne, while another character incorrectly labels the Stockholm Syndrome the"?Helsink"? Syndrome. The antagonist of this film claims to be allied with the Asian Dawn movement, but actually just read about it in Time magazine. Supporting characters in this film are the limo driver Argyle and the tabloid journalist Richard Thornburg. In the climax of this movie, the antagonist falls to his death from the Nakatomi building. For 10 points, name this 1988 action film featuring the battle of wits between the villainous Hans Gruber and cop John McClane, played by Bruce Willis.;;Die Hard
Biology;;The basement membrane of these structures acquires a basket-weave appearance while they scar in Alport syndrome. This organ contains a structure whose slit diaphragms occur in between podocytes, and one hormone produced here forms a blood pressure regulating system with angiotensin. This organ contains a structure that consists of a capillary tuft and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule called the glomerulus. This organ concentrates sodium to retain water in the loop of Henle, and it sits under the glands that produce epinephrine. For 10 points, name this organ, whose central functional unit is the nephron and which produces urine for expulsion by the bladder.;;kidney
Literature;;In one section of this work, a man married to a relative of the fire god is"?seven times captured, seven times freed"? One character in this work defeats six generals while passing through five gates; after that character’s death his spirit possesses Lu Meng at a banquet. A hilarious scene in this novel sees one character chase another around a garden with a spear after catching the latter embracing Diao Chan. Later in this novel, Fledgling Phoenix recommends the services of Sleeping Dragon to a man who’d made an oath in a peach garden with Zhang Fei and Guan Yu. For 10 points, identify this classic Luo Guanzhong novel whose title entities are led by Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and Cao Cao.;;Romance of (the) Three Kingdoms|Sanguo Yanyi|San kuo chih yen-i
Philosophy;;One work by this philosopher likens propositions about the world to hinges that support language and declares that those propositions are outside of both doubt and knowledge. In a preface to another work, this thinker dissected the sentence"?Socrates is wis"? and defines thought as a"?logical picture of a fac"?. This author of On Certainty wrote another work that posited a"?beetle in a bo"? to refute the existence of private languages. For 10 points name this Austrian philosopher who declared"?of what we cannot speak, we must pass over in silenc"? and wrote Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.;;(Ludwig) Wittgenstein|(Ludwig) (Josef) (Johann) Wittgenstein
World History;;Under the 1606 Treaty of Vienna, a member of the Bocskay family with this first name became Prince of Transylvania. One king with this first name gained territory at the Treaty of Jam Zapolski, which he signed after defeating Ivan the Terrible. Besides the king who led Poland during the Livonian War, an English king with this name signed the Treaty of Winchester and succeeded Henry I. That king fought with Queen Maud during the Anarchy and was succeeded by Henry II Plantagenet. For 10 points, give this name held by the only English king from the House of Blois.;;Steven|Stephen| Stefan|Istvan
Music;;Johann Hasse’s La Contadina premiered during a performance of an opera by one of these composers called Clitarco. Another of them wrote an aria that described the sun rising over the Ganges for his opera Honesty in Love’s Affairs; that one also composed the St. Cecilia Mass and the opera Mitridate Eupatore. The catalogue of the works of another of these composers includes the Cat’s Fugue and begins with the 30 Essercizi; that catalogue was collected by Ralph Kirkpatrick and contains 555 keyboard sonatas in total. For 10 points, identify this family of Italian Baroque composers that included the aforementioned Pietro, Alessandro, and Domenico.;;(Members) (of) (the) Scarlatti(s) (Family)
Psychology;;This thinker offered five remedies to five common obstacles to learning in one work. Another book by him distinguishes between the autoclitic and echoic forms of the titular variables. This psychologist opposed the morally"?autonomous ma"? in a work that proposes to curb objectionable actions through a"?technology of behavio"?. In another work, this author of The Technology of Teaching imagined a utopian community run by Planners and Managers inspired by a work of Thoureau. For 10 points, name this author of Verbal Behavior, Beyond Freedom and Dignity and Walden Two and invented a namesake box to examine operant conditioning.;;(B.) (F.) Skinner|(Burrhus) (Frederick) Skinner
Physics;;Polymerization in one type of these entities was first modeled by Smith, Ewart, and Hawkins. These entities exhibit maximum viscosity at their point of zero charge. These entities may be described by a number first calculated rigorously by Dukhin and Semenikhin, whose simplified computation typically assumes a thin double layer and neglects surface conductivity. These entities are destabilized in a process called flocculation, and that stability can be measured by the zeta potential. For 10 points, name these entities, which scatter light according to the Tyndall effect and whose liquid-liquid examples are called emulsions.;;colloid(s)
Literature;;One of this author’s works stars the son of a priest of the Hill people who travels across the river Ou-dis-sun on a"?god-roa"? to the Dead Place after having a vision of the Great Burning. This author of that post-apocalyptic story wrote about falling in love with"?the snakeskin-titles of mining claim"? in a poem that ends with the line"?Bury my heart at Wounded Kne"?. Jack Ellyat and Clay Wingate are among the narrators of this man’s epic poem about the Civil War, and he also wrote a story in which Mr. Scratch puts Jabez Stone on trial. For 10 points, name this author of"?By the Waters of Babylo"?,"?American Name"?, John Brown’s Body, and"?The Devil and Daniel Webste"?.;;(Stephen) (Vincent) Benet
Biology;;One member of a class of molecules named for this residue has a neutrophil form that breaks down the outer coat of Gram-negative bacteria. The transport of another member of that class named for this residue is deficient in cystic fibrosis, leading to myconium ileus; those members are elastase and trypsin. This residue donates a proton to a histidine residue, which accepts a hydrogen bond from aspartic acid, allowing its hydroxyl group to act as a nucleophile in the"?catalytic tria"? characteristic of a family of proteases named for this residue. For 10 points, name this amino acid with a hydroxy-methyl sidechain.;;serine|serine (protease)
World History;;A prince from this country apparently engaged in murder-suicide with his lover, Mary Vetsera, during the Mayerling Affair. One former leader of this country became head of the occupied Netherlands during World War II. A duke from this country held Richard the Lionheart hostage on his return from the Third Crusade. Its fascist movement was led by Engelbert Dolfuss and Kurt von Schussnig. It signed the Treaty of St. Germain after World War One and was the victim of the Anschluss. For 10 points, name this Catholic, German-speaking country whose capital is Vienna.;;Austria|Osterreich
Religion/Mythology;;This figure healed a paralyzed man named Aeneas in Lydda, and in Joppa, he resurrected the dressmaker Dorcas. In Galatians, Paul tells of rebuking this man in Antioch for insisting on the circumcision of Gentiles. This man requested that Jesus wash his face and hands as well as his feet, and in Matthew, he momentarily walks on water. This man was called by Jesus along with his brother Andrew while fishing, and after Jesus’ arrest, this apostle denied him three times. For 10 points, name this leader of the Apostles, the first Pope who has a namesake Basilica in the Vatican.;;(Simon) Peter|(Simon) Cephas|Petros|Kephas;;Simon
Literature;;One work by this author notes that"?the sword outwears its sheath / And the soul wears out the breas"? before stating that"?the night was made for loving / And the day returns too soo"?. The central figure of another of his poems exhibits"?that tender light / Which heaven to gaudy day denie"? and is compared to"?the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skie"?. This author also wrote a long poem about a Spaniard who escapes from a seraglio and fights in the siege of Ismail while repeatedly being seduced. For 10 points, identify this author of"?So we’ll go no more a-rovin"?,"?She walks in Beaut"?, and Don Juan, who created a namesake hero in his"?Childe Harold’s Pilgrimag"?.;;(George) Gordon|(Lord) Byron
Art;;This man claimed"?the shapes in the pictures are the performer"? in his article"?The Romantics Were Prompte"?; that philosophy was exemplified in the arcing filaments of Rituals and Gyrations on Four Planes, as well as the arabesques of Slow Swirl and The Rites of Lilith. Turqoise and carnelian-orange Egyptian falcon pendents inspired Hierarchical Birds, typifying the mythological bent of Tiresias and a depiction of Iphigenia with a tumbling black disk for a head. The de Menils commissioned this man's chapel in Houston, and he reneged on an agreement to display his paintings at the Seagram building. For 10 points, name this abstract expressionist of works like Magenta, Black, and Green on Orange.;;(Mark) Rothko |(Mark) Rothko(witz)
Astronomy;;It displays a gravitational redshift that occurs either as particles enter and exit potential wells that stretch over time or at the surface of last scattering. Below about 218 gigahertz, its intensity falls due to interactions with high-energy electrons in an effect used to find galaxy clusters. Those phenomena cause anisotropies in this entity, once studied by COBE and now by WMAP. This phenomenon has a thermal black-body spectrum equivalent to about with a peak frequency of 160.2 gigahertz, giving a temperature of two point seven Kelvin. For 10 points, name this ubiquitous electromagnetic phenomenon, named for the part of the spectrum where it shows up, the residue of the Big Bang.;;CMB(R)|cosmic microwave background (radiation)
World History;;Greek sources refer to this man as"?Momylos"? which means"?Little Disgrace"? and his house may have been converted into the tomb of St. Severinus. Primary evidence for this ruler’s existence may include a letter written by Cassiodorus that might discuss this man's pension. This leader was the son of General Orestes, a former secretary to Attila the Hun. In his highest position, he succeeded Julius Nepos and had his court in Ravenna. The enemy who defeated this man was consequently appointed an administrator by Emperor Zeno. That enemy was Odoacer. For 10 points, name this youth who briefly served as the last Roman Emperor.;;Romulus Augustus|Romulus Augustulus
Pop Culture;;One film featuring this character saw him served by a race of beings called the Vendequm and battling the nefarious businessman B.Z., played by John Lithgow. In another film appearance, this character allies with Merlin to defeat the incompetent devil, Pitch. In one infamous film, this character was kidnapped by Kimar and Dropo in order to serve the children of Mars. This character has appeared in television specials featuring such beings as the Burgermeister Meisterburger, the Heat Miser, and the Snow Miser. For 10 points, name this entity who commands Donner and Blitzen, a fat, jolly dude who gives presents on Christmas.;;Santa Claus|Santa|Kris Kringle|Father Christmas
Miscellaneous;;This thinker posited that authority exists in legal, charismatic, and traditional forms in a work analyzing bureaucracies called Economy and Society. This man theorized that authority stems from custom, charisma, or law in a work that labels the state as the entity with a monopoly on force. Another work by this author of Politics as a Vocation claims that man was trapped in an"?iron cage of rationalit"? and that the Calvinist view of work as a"?callin"? has led to the rise of the titular economic system. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote"?The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalis"?.;;(Max) Weber|(Maximillian) (Carl) (Emil) Weber
Literature;;In one of this man's works, Maria de Gloria becomes a teacher after Josemar leaves the town of Cocota. Pozzi tries to ransom Alejandro and W218 is seduced and betrayed in another of his novels. Big Fanny kills her lover Francisco Paez in a novel which sees Celina criticize Nene for her letters about her brother Juan Carlos Etchepare. The author of Blood of Requited Love, Pubis Angelical, and Heartbreak Tango, this man wrote a novel wherein Valentin Paz serves as a cellmate for Luis Molina, while in another novel, Mita tells the stories of films to her son Toto. For 10 points, name this author of Betrayed by Rita Hayworth and Kissed by the Spider Woman.;;(Manuel) Puig|(Juan) (Manuel) Puig (Delledonne)
World History;;The brothers Peter and Asen led a successful rebellion against this empire in one of its northern provinces. This Empire signed the Treaty of Devol. Its forces won the Battle of Dyrrhachium against Bohemund of Taranto, ending the Norman invasion of this empire. It lost to Alp Arslan's Seljuq forces at the Battle of Manzikert. Famous historians from this empire include the author of the Secret History, Procopius. This empire was home to the Nika Riot, and its most famous Emperor was married to Theodora. For 10 points, name this empire ruled by Justinian, whose capital was Constantinople.;;Byzantine (Empire)
Philosophy;;One section of this work asserts that rational persons are motivated by a plan for life that does not disregard the future. It outlines the three conditions necessary to vindicate civil disobedience in the section"?Duty and Obligatio"?. This book promotes the adoption of a"?maximi"? strategy in order to obtain the most good for the least advantaged members of society. This book rejects Hobbes’ brutal"?state of natur"? in a thought experiment that posits an"?original positio"? that one could attain behind a"?veil of ignoranc"?. For 10 points, name this work of political philosophy by John Rawls.;;(A) Theory of Justice
Religion/Mythology;;Two of this god’s servants are thought to be associated with bread-making and are named Byggvir and Beyla. One text claims that he was succeeded by his mortal son Fjolnir as the ruler of Uppsala, while he meets his future wife, a daughter of Aurboda and Gymir, at the grove of Barri. This deity is said to have received Alfheim as a tooth-gift. He kills the giant Beli with the"?horn of a har"? but is unarmed at Ragnarok, where he is killed by Surt; both of those events occur after he gives his magic sword to his servant Skirnir in order to woo Gerd. He rides the golden boar Gullinbursti and owns the folding ship Skidbladnir. For 10 points, identify this son of Njord, the Vanir fertility god.;;Frey(r)|Yngvi|Ingunar(-Freyr)
Literature;;One character in this work sells her diamonds to aid Maxime de Traille. A man's criminal brands are exposed when drinking coffee prepared by Madame Michonneau shortly after he engineered the death of Victorine Taillefer's brother. Only the protagonist and Bianchon are present at the title character's funeral, while Gondureau confirms that Trompe-la-Mort and Vautrin are the same person. Madame de Bauseant encourages this novel's protagonist to pay court to Delphine du Nucingen, who, along with her sister, bankrupts the title character with her extravagant lifestyle. For 10 points, name this novel which sees Eugene de Rastignac befriend the title character.;;Pere Goriot|Father Goriot|Old Goriot
Chemistry;;This functional group replaces chloride in the second step of a reaction that forms a pyridinium salt. One of these is frequently used in a soft oxidation of alcohols to ketones following reaction with oxalyl chloride and DMSO. Exhaustive methylation will produce one of these and an alkene in an elimination reaction. A common synthesis of this functional group, which has roles in the aforementioned Zincke reaction, Swern oxidation, and Hoffman elimination, uses potassium phthalimide and is named for Gabriel, and a phenyl-substituted example of this functionality is aniline. For 10 points, name this functional group with three groups single-bonded to nitrogen.;;amine(s)
Music;;The second work of this type by this composer opens the sostenuto assai first movement with a brass chorale and features an oboe theme in its Beethoven-inspired final movement. An unfinished G-minor example of these works was given the nickname Zwickau, while the third of them features a movement inspired by Archbishop Geissel’s promotion and generally depicts the landscape around Cologne. The first of them contains an Allegro molto vivace first movement inspired by the poetry of Adolph Boettger and quotes themes from the Kreisleriana in the finale. For 10 points, identify these compositions by Clara Wieck’s husband that include the Rhenish and the Spring.;;symphonies (of) (Robert) (Alexander) Schumann|Schumann symphonies
Geography;;This country is home to Lake Heviz, the second largest thermal lake in the world, and shares the Baranya region with its southern neighbor. The Tisza river forms part of this country’s northern border before flowing south to bisect this country. This country contains Lake Balaton and is located entirely on the Pannonian plain. This country’s capital is built on two sides of the Danube and was once two cities. For 10 points, name this eastern European country with capital at Budapest.;;Hungary|Magyarorszag
World History;;One incident during this event saw the fatal beating of Margaret Whitehead with a fence post. The instigators of this event were brutally suppressed by forces from the warships Warren and Natchez. Its leader interpreted a blue-green atmospheric disturbance as a sign of divine approval. Much of the information regarding it comes from a book written by Thomas Ruffin Gray, the court-appointed lawyer of this event’s leader. After this action took place, Virginia passed a law heavily restricting the teaching of literacy to slaves. For 10 points, name this 1831 uprising led by a slave known as the"?Prophet"? which resulted in the deaths of over fifty whites.;;Nat Turner(’s) (Rebellion|Revolt|Revolution|Insurrection)|Southampton (Rebellion|Revolt|Revolution|Insurrection)
Physics;;A"?dee"? form of scattering that has this characteristic uses high-energy electrons to probe hadrons, confirming that they are composed of quarks. A process of this type results in a blue or red wavelength shift termed Stokes and anti-Stokes lines in Raman scattering, and high-frequency photons interact with matter and increase in wavelength in a process of this type. This property results when a collision generates heat or requires deformation, and when this condition is total, two objects often stick together. For 10 points, give this adjective describing a collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved.;;inelastic
Literature;;One character in this work calls Europe"?a great big auctio"? before relating a story about encountering a child prostitute in Marrakech. Dr. Baugh prescribes morphine for that character, who has a sister named"?Miss Sall"? and asks another of this work’s characters if"?chasin’ poon-tan"? resulted in his sprained ankle. Another character in this play drinks until he hears a"?clic"? in his head, is disgusted with the world’s"?mendacit"?, and never came to terms with Skipper’s homosexuality. Mae and Gooper scheme to receive the inheritance of the cancer-stricken Big Daddy in, for 10 points, which play about Brick and Maggie Pollitt, a work of Tennessee Williams?;;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Music;;A work by this man"?battle"? against a Tchaikovsky work played by the orchestra in Franz Reizenstein’s Concerto Popolare. One of his works features a march for the clarinets and bassoons in the third movement and opens with a timpani roll and a solo flourish; that work takes its key from a similar work by Schumann. Another of his works opens with a piece called"?Ariett"? and contains his"?Wedding Day at Troldhauge"?. For 10 points, identify this composer of a Piano Concerto in A minor and the Lyric Pieces, who wrote"?Anitra’s Danc"?,"?Morning Moo"?, and"?In the Hall of the Mountain Kin"? for his incidental music to Ibsen’s Peer Gynt.;;(Edvard) (Hagerup) Grieg
World History;;One daughter of this man married King Joao I of Portugal. Late in life, this man married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. He earlier married a Spanish princess after he intervened in a Spanish civil war and helped restore Pedro the Cruel to power. Residences of this man included the Savoy Palace, which was destroyed during the Watt Tyler riots. This man's brother was Edward the Black Prince, while his son defeated the Hotspur Rebellion and overthrew Richard II. For 10 points, name this father of Henry IV, an English prince who founded the House of Lancaster.;;John (of) Gaunt
Physics;;The spherical harmonics have eigenvalue h-bar2 l l + 1 under this operator's square. The commutator for operators representing two components of this quantity is plus or minus i h-bar times the operator for its third component. Slater determinants are used to force fermion wavefunctions to be asymmetric as required by one type of this quantity. Hyperfine structure results from one interaction involving this quantity, as does Russell-Saunders coupling and the splitting of signals in NMR. Expanding this quantity in the uncoupled basis requires Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the product of inertial moment and angular velocity.;;angular momentum
Sociology;;One work by this thinker contrasts the social experience of"?normal"? to those who possess tribal, bodily, or moral discrepancies between their virtual and actual social identities. This thinker compared the medicalization of mental illness to the mechanical repair of clocks and a described how certain social roles were reinforced by the titular"?total institutio"? in another work. This author of Stigma also claimed that appearances and interactions are"?stage-manage"? in a work that outlined his dramaturgical analysis. 10 points, name this author of Asylums, a sociologist who wrote The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.;;(Erving) Goffman
Literature;;John Hakac claimed that this poem’s"?organically complet"? third stanza contains"?three distinct phases of lov"?. Its speaker makes a comparison to"?a magic lanter"? which"?threw the nerves in patterns on a scree"? and describes"?the voices dying with a dying fall / Beneath the music from a farther roo"?. Its speaker admits that he is"?not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to b"? and says he"?should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent sea"?. Opening with the line"?Let us go then, you and I"? it describes the speaker’s distaste for women who"?come and go / Talking of Michelangelo"? For 10 points, identify this poem by T.S. Eliot.;;(The) Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock;;Prufrock|Prufrock Among the Women
United States History;;According to some accounts, one incident which helped spark this event involved a deaf man who did not comprehend the orders to give up his gun. A court of inquiry investigated this event and exonerated Colonel James Forsyth of wrongdoing, much to the dismay of his superior General Nelson Miles. This event took place shortly after the surrender of Chief Big Foot. One precipitating cause was the teachings of Wovoka, whose preaching that the buffalo would return through Ghost Dancing alarmed the military. For 10 points, name this 1890 incident in South Dakota where the U.S. Army massacred over hundred members of the Lakota Sioux.;;Wounded Knee (Massacre)|(Battle) (of) Wounded Knee
Philosophy;;This thinker argued that one should engage with unstable structures through flexible play in an essay about the"?ruptur"? of the center in Western thought. The first section of one work by this thinker asserts that Western thought privileges phonetic languages and speech over writing. This author of"?Structure, Sign, and Pla"? formulated the"?trac"? and wrote another work that maintains that concepts like"?light and dar"? exist in uneven binary pairs and introduced the term"?differanc"?. For 10 points, name this French thinker who wrote Writing and Difference and Of Grammatology and founded deconstructionism.;;(Jacques) Derrida
Pop Culture;;This band notes that"?free rides just don’t come along every da"? in a song that was heavily inspired by the Beatles’"?Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da"? The subject of another song by this band"?talks about closure and that validation bit"? to which their singer retorts"?just do me a favor and check your baggage at the door"? Another song by these artists of"?Why Don’t You Get a Jo"? and"?She’s Got Issue"? contains the lines"?Hey, they don’t pay no mind / If you’re under 18 you won’t be doing any tim"? after the singer says"?you gotta keep ‘em separated"? For 10 points, name this Dexter Holland-fronted band whose 1994 album Smash contains"?Come Out and Pla"? and"?Self Esteem"?;;(The) Offspring|Manic Subsidal
Noncomputational Math;;The Yoneda lemma in category theory generalizes a statement about these objects that suggests that every one of these objects X is isomorphic to a subset of the symmetry one of these on X, a theorem named for Cayley. Point ones are used to classify inorganic compounds for MO analysis. These objects are called normal if they are self-conjugate. Those that look locally like a manifold, such as the general linear one, are named for Sophus Lie. The center of one of these objects is a subset of it where commutativity holds, so the center of one of these is Abelian. For 10 points, name these algebraic structures with an invertible, associative binary operation.;;group(s)
Literature;;One work by this man sees the philosopher d’Astarac die in a house-fire after the Jew Mosaide kills Maitre Jerome, the tutor of the protagonist Jacques Menetrier. Another of his novels features such characters as the chemist Prince Istar and the librarian Julien Sariette; that novel sees Maurice d’Esparvieu’s guardian Arcade lead a rebellion against Ialdabaoth. This author also wrote novels about a philologist who obsesses over the Golden Legend and about a group led by Draco the Great who were accidentally baptized by the monk Mael. For 10 points, name this author of At the Sign of the Reine Pedauque, The Revolt of the Angels, The Crime of Sylvester Bonnard, and Penguin Island.;;(Anatole) France|(Francois-Anatole) Thibault
Religion/Mythology;;One section of this work asserts that God experiences all moments in one and that time is a"?distentio"? of the soul. Its thirteen book argues that truth is an assembly of fragments of eternal memories of God. Its third book describes a study of Hortensius that spurred a turn towards wisdom and away from the pleasures of the flesh. In book eight of this work, a small child inspires the narrator to closely read Romans which inspires him to listen to his mother Monica and convert from Manichaeism to Christianity. For 10 points, name this autobiographical work that describes the conversion of Saint Augustine of Hippo.;;(The) Confessions (of) (Saint) (Augustine)|Confessiones
Literature;;This work uses the same cello melody to introduce both"?Dormono entramb"? and"?Teneri, teneri figl"?, wherein the title character considers her two children. Two characters commemorate their friendship in"?si, fino all'ore estreme"? The title character of this work is described as bearing a golden sickle, and she cuts a mistletoe branch before praying to the moon goddess in 'Casta Diva.' One character speaks of his vision in"?Meco all'altar di Vener"? and plans to abduct Adalgisia from the temple of Irminsul, though he ends up joining the title character in a Druidic pyre. For 10 points, name this opera whose protagonist who dies with her beloved, the Roman Pollione, a work of Vincenzo Bellini.;;Norma
World History;;This leader ordered the development of the Hotel and Golf class missile submarines. During the"?Virgin Lands Program"? this man attempted to plant corn in the tundra, leading to decreased agricultural production. During his leadership, the"?Anti-Party Grou"? was purged. This man picked Janos Kadar as leader after crushing the revolt of Imre Nagy in Hungary. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, this man was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev. This man’s notable speeches include the"?Secret Speec"?, which condemned his predecessor in front of the Politburo. For 10 points, name this leader of the Soviet Union who replaced Stalin.;;(Nikita) Khrushchev
Biology;;This enzyme's activase has two isoforms, the larger of which permits regulation by light or by ADP to ATP ratio, as found for one organism via its incubation with thioredoxin-f. Its inactive form can be carbamylated on a lysine residue, then inhibited. This enzyme produces phosphoglycolate, beginning an undesirable sequence of reactions that is hedged against by CAM and that is called photorespiration, owing to the similarity in bond length between diatomic oxygen and its normal substrate, which is transformed into an unstable six-carbon intermediate that splits to give two molecules of PGA. For 10 points, name this enzyme, which catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle.;;rubisco|ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
Religion/Mythology;;The land ruled by this deity contained a cave inhabited by dangerous women who sought out unfaithful lovers and a boiling spring home to a worm called the cuiluhuexi kwi-lu-HYU-shi. One ritual dedicated to this god involved the killing and eating of amaranth-paste idols, and his titles include"?Ninth Lord of the Nigh"?. This god served as the third of the five suns, while his sister was the salt goddess Huixtocihuatl hwi-shto-ki-HWA-tl. After Tezcatlipoca abducted his first wife, Xochiquetzal sho-chi-KET-zal, he fathered Tecciztecatl tek-kiz-te-CAHT-l with Chalchiuhtlicue chal-chi-OO-tli-kyu. For 10 points, identify this deity who governed the souls of the drowned and who demanded child sacrifices, the Aztec god of rain.;;Tlaloc
Literature;;This author’s first novel is divided into two parts, the first of which ends with Martin being stabbed by a man who writes a report on Vietnam War propaganda named Eugene Dawn. He also created a character that moves in with the bedridden amputee Paul Rayment in one novel and, in another, becomes famous for The House on Eccles Street. This creator of Elizabeth Costello wrote novels about a professor who regularly meets with the prostitute Soraya but loses his job after a charge of sexual harassment and about a harelipped gardener who takes his mother’s ashes to St. Albert. For 10 points, name this author who won Booker Prizes for Disgrace and The Life and Times of Michael K.;;(John) (Maxwell) Coetzee
World History;;In colonial times, this country was ruled by Lord Cromer, while the Milner Commission recommended changes in the administration of this nation. The Denshawai Incident took place in this country when British soldiers accidentally shot a local woman, helping to popularize the anti-British Wafd movement. In 1955, this country signed a notable arms deal with Communist Czechoslovakia. Its Free Officers Movement overthrew King Farouk in 1952. For 10 points, name this country that signed the Camp David Accords with Israel, an Arab state ruled by Anwar Sadat and Gamal Nasser.;;Egypt
Art;;Floating ribbons with text from Virgil and St. Augustine mark the depictions of the Sibyls in this work, who stand above a wash basin in a niche next to a white towel. A viol with five strings, a harp with twenty four strings, and an organ with twenty one pipes are amongst the strange instruments played by the angels in this work. The Just Judges follow Soldiers of Christ across from the Holy Hermits; both panels flank a depiction of opposing processions of New and Old Testament saints. Commissioned by Jodocus Vijd and depicting the Mystic Adoration of the Lamb in the Cathedral of St. Bavo, for 10 points, name this work of Hubert and Jan van Eyck.;;Ghent (Altarpiece)
Chemistry;;A zinc-copper couple is used with diiodomethane and an alkene to effect this kind of transformation, and techniques for doing this three different ways with sulfur ylides are named for Corey and Chaykovsky. A reaction that does this given a divinyl ketone and a Lewis acid is named for Nazarov. A"?butterfly mechanis"? describes a reaction using a peroxyacid that does this. Baldwin's rules govern this process, which is carried out by the Simmons-Smith and Prilazhaev reactions. It is necessary to do this to synthesize functional groups like lactams and pyrroles. For 10 points, give the common synthetic goal accomplished by the Diels-Alder reaction and other cycloadditions.;;making rings|ring formation|cyclization|annulation|
Literature;;This character describes being"?Venerien in feelin"? and having a"?Marcie"? heart before noting that she was born a Taurus. This character, who repeatedly quotes from Ptolemy’s Almagest and compares herself to barley bread, is said to know of"?remedies of love, perchanc"? and to have a confidant that shares her name. She punches another character after tearing a few pages out of Valerie and Theofraste, after which that character hits her so hard she goes half-deaf. She meets that character, Jankin, at her fourth husband’s funeral. For 10 points, name this character who tells of a knight given a year and a day to find out what women want in her namesake Canterbury Tale.;;(The) Wife of Bath |(The) Wife of Bath(’s) (Tale)|(The) Wyve(s) (Tale) (of) Bathe|Alis(oun)
Biology;;A diffuse, systemic form of scleroderma arises from the body forming antibodies against these enzymes, and quinolones are antibiotics that inhibit these enzymes in bacteria. Chemotherapy inhibitors of their first subgroup include camptothecins. These enzymes change a quantity equal to the combination of twist and writhe, and a bacterial example of the second type of these enzymes is called gyrase. For 10 points, name these enzymes whose two types are differentiated based on whether they cut one or both strands of the double helix, whose function is to change the linking number of DNA.;;topoisomerase
World History;;One figure from this city disguised himself as a peasant and picked a fight with a troop of Dorians. In addition to having leaders like Cylon and Codrus, this polity was briefly ruled by a group led by Critias and Theramenes called the Thirty Tyrants, and non-citizen residents of this city were known as metics. This city was led by commanders such as Nicias and Demosthenes in a conflict which saw the battle of Sphacteria, and later on this city was defeated by Lysander at the Battle of Aegospotami. For 10 points, name this Greek city in Attica, the home of Peisistratus, Cleisthenes, and Pericles.;;Athens
Art;;Xavier de Sala argues that one painting in this series is an allegory of Medea sowing serpent's teeth in the ground to stir discord. Scorched and desolate landscapes mark both The Procession of the Holy Office and Pilgrimage to San Isidro. One of these works shows two crazed old men eating soup, while another consists largely of an ochre background and the barely visible head of a black dog. A woman in a veil sits at the far right of a work showing a circle of witches and a goat devil. Including Leocadia and Saturn Devouring His Son, for 10 points, name this group of paintings in the House of the Deaf, works of Francisco Goya.;;Black (Paintings)|works (in) (the) Quinta del Sordo|works (in) (the) House of the Deaf
Geography;;This body of water drains the Barotse Plain, and sites along this body of water include Chavuma Falls. Tributaries of this river include the Kafue and Luangwa, and the middle course of this river contains Lake Cahora Bassa. This river forms part of the border of the Caprivi Strip and was damned to create Lake Kariba, and it collects water from its tributary the Shire River before emptying into the ocean north of Beira. Sighted by David Livingstone, this river once made up a basin along with the nearby Okovango and Limpopo Rivers. Emptying into the Mozambique Channel, for 10 points, identify this river of Southern Africa which contains Victoria Falls.;;Zambezi
Literature;;In"?Dying is an Art"? George Steiner refers to this poem as"?the Guernica of modern poetry"? Its third stanza describes a place"?where it pours bean green over blue / In the waters off beautiful Nauset"? Its speaker claims"?The black telephone’s off at the roo"? and"?the voices just can’t worm through"? Its addressee is later told about villagers who"?are dancing and stamping on yo"? and that"?there’s a stake in your fat black heart"? Its speaker says"?I think I may well be a Je"? before bitterly noting that"?Every woman adores a Fascist"? For 10 points, identify this poem that opens"?you do not do, you do not do"? in which Sylvia Plath tells the title figure"?you bastard, I’m through"?;;Daddy;;(Francis) (George) Steiner
Chemistry;;One form of this technique used for monolayers adhered to metal substrates is called polarization-modulation-this, and another minimizes sample preparation and is called DRIFTS. Modes only give peaks in this technique if they change a molecule's dipole moment, and samples for this technique may be ground into a mull with nujol or placed between potassium bromide salt plates. Two normal modes of acid anhydrides appear around eighteen hundred wavenumbers in this technique, which features a muddled"?fingerprint region"? For 10 points, name this form of spectroscopy that relies on a wavelength just longer than visible light.;;IR spec(troscopy)
Religion/Mythology;;The city of Hampi contains a temple with 1008 structures dedicated to this deity, while other temples dedicated to him include one at Trimbakeshwar, which commemorates the formation of the Godavari River, and the Mallikarjuna Temple at Srishailam. A festival is celebrated to mark the devotion of the consort who stayed up all night to care for this deity after he swallowed poison that came from the churning of the ocean. This deity is depicted performing the Tandava dance in his Nataraja form, and temples dedicated to him feature phallic structures called lingams. For 10 points, name this husband of Parvati who accidentally beheaded his son Ganesh, the Hindu destroyer deity.;;Shiva|Shankar(a|)
Literature;;One character in this work prays to"?merchante Fortun"? after asking"?be these the wretches we played dice for"? While wooing his future wife, the protagonist claims"?a good hear"? is"?the sun and not the moo"? and asks"?come, your broken music"? After receiving a gift of tennis balls, the title figure claims he will make them cannon balls, an image echoed in a speech beginning"?once more unto the breach, dear friends"? The protagonist foils the Southampton plot, while Pistol and Bardolph recall the title character's youth and the death of Falstaff. For 10 points, name this play whose title character talks of"?we few, we happy fe"? in his St. Crispin's Day Speech, a work of William Shakespeare.;;Henry V
Music;;This man adapted Psalm 55 into an anthem called Hear My Prayer that gained fame for its final section,"?O for the Wings of a Dov"?. A piece depicting spinners that is also known as"?The Bee’s Weddin"? is part of a collection by this man that consists of eight books of anti-programmatic music and also contains three"?Venetian Boat Song"?. Another of his works repeatedly uses strings to introduce the"?Dresden Ame"? and ends with an adaptation of"?A Mighty Fortress Is Our Go"?. For 10 points, identify this composer of a"?Wedding Marc"? for A Midsummer Night’s Dream who also wrote Songs without Words and the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies.;;(Felix) Mendelssohn|(Jakob) (Ludwig) (Felix) Mendelssohn (Bartholdy)
United States History;;The department associated with this Cabinet position was created during the tenure of the delightfully named Ebenezer R. Hoar. One man to hold this position was a member of the Ohio Gang and campaign manager in 1920 for Warren Harding, while another holder of this post served as the campaign manager in 1968 for Richard Nixon. Besides Harry Daugherty, others to hold this position include Robert Jackson and Edwin Meese. The first man to hold this position had earlier sponsored the large state-friendly"?Virginia Pla"? at the Constitutional Convention. For 10 points, name this Cabinet position first held by Edmund Randolph and now held by Eric Holder.;;Attorney General
Sociology;;One work by this thinker posited that"?collective effervescenc"? enables a tribe to ascribe power to a totem. This man argued that capitalist societies demanded more moral and economic regulation in order to maintain order than primitive societies in a work that contrasted organic and mechanical solidarity. Another work by him divides the titular action into four types, including caused by"?relative normlesnes"? or alienation. For 10 points, name this French sociologist who coined the term anomie and wrote The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, The Division of Labor in Society and Suicide.;;(Emile) Durkheim|(David) (Emile) Durkheim
Computer Science;;""ones are used for storing spatial data based on minimum bounding rectangles. A"otatio"on these objects increases the height of one substructure while decreasing the other; that operation is useful for rebalancing and is carried out automatically by AVL ones. These objects can be traversed preorder, inorder, or postorder, and rotations can be used to implement the"?spla"? operation that moves an element of a namesake type of this structure to the root. Heaps are generally implemented using this data structure, and in the average case O log n time is needed to search a binary one. For 10 points, name this data structure, whose terminal nodes are called leaves.;;trees
World History;;April Glaspie was one US ambassador to this man’s regime, and one of this man’s projects was destroyed in Operation Opera. As part of this his war against the Peshmerga, this man ordered the Halabja attack and the al-Anfal campaign. The Israeli-led Operation Opera stopped this man from building a nuclear reactor. He succeeded Ahmed al-Bakr, with whom he had led a coup to overthrow King Faisal II and put the Baath party in power. This man lost power in an invasion planned by Paul Wolfowitz and Donald Rumsfeld. For 10 points, name this Iraqi dictator overthrown in 2003.;;(Saddam) Hussein
Philosophy;;One work by this thinker asserts that physical and mental facts are independent, and it supports the title concepts with"?truism"? like"?my body existed yesterda"?. This thinker argued that blue are not equal to the sensations of objects in an that refuted both Descartes and McTaggart. In another work, this philosopher posited that good is a"?simple concep"? with an"?opened ende"? definition that cannot be determined through the naturalistic fallacy. For 10 points, name this English analytic philosopher who wrote"?A Defence of Common Sens"?,"?The Refutation of Idealis"? and Principia Ethica.;;(G.) (E.) Moore (OM)|(George) (Edward) Moore (OM|)|(Bill) Moore
Pop Culture;;In an alternate world, this character was the mother of the Huntress. In a more recent storyline, she and the son of Slam Bradley conceived a daughter named Helena, while she herself may be the daughter of Carmine Falcone. An early story claimed she was a stewardess who turned to crime after developing amnesia, while a later reformation turned out to be forced on her by Zatanna. She killed Black Mask, although the murder was blamed on her friend Holly Robinson. This character has been played on the screen by Lee Meriwether, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Halle Berry. For 10 points, name this Batman character who uses feline motifs in her robberies.;;Catwoman|(the) Cat|Selina (Kyle)|(Selina) Kyle
Literature;;One character created by this man weaves a series of shawls depicting her husband’s rise to power and overthrow by Raza Hyder. Rani and Iskander Harappa are found in a book by this man that also features Sufiya, whose outbreaks of violence lead to her beheading her husband Omar before exploding. He also created a character who dreams of Abu Simbel’s deal with"?the Messenge"?, Mahound, and who shoots Whisky Sisodia before throwing Alleluia Cone off a roof. This author of Shame also wrote a novel that begins with a hijacked plane exploding over the English Channel. For 10 points, identify this author of that book about Saladin Chamcha and Gibreel Farishta, The Satanic Verses.;;(Salman) Rushdie|(Ahmed) (Salman) Rushdie
Physics;;This quantity as a function of r is proportional to the sum over all k of the Legendre polynomial of r of order k times the kth multipole moment. One of these equal to minus current times magnetic field over the product of plate depth, fundamental charge, and carrier density develops in the presence of a perpendicular B field. The Laplacian of this quantity is set proportional to charge in Poisson's equation, and capacitance is proportional to one over the change in this quantity across a component. For 10 points, name this quantity, whose drop across an electrical component is called voltage and whose negative gradient gives the electric field.;;electric (scalar) potential|emf|electromotive force
World History;;The French ship La Coubre was blown up while in this country. Attempts to smuggle contraband here led to the Black Warrior incident and an event revolving around a former Civil War blockade runner, the Virginius. It began the Ten Years War for independence after a leader issued the"?Grito de Yara"? Concentration camps in this country were run by a man known as the"?Butcher"? General Weyler. This country was the subject of the Teller Amendment, which forbade its annexation by the United States. The current leader of this country overthrew Fulgencio Batista. For 10 points, name this island nation whose capital is Havana.;;Cuba
Music;;One character in this work sings 'Zdravas kralovno', a setting of the Salve Regina, while recovering. Her favorite song"?Daleko širok"? is played during a drunken dance which follows the singing of an anti-conscription song. A xylophone motif represents a turning wheel in this work, while one character sings"?To muj skute"?, acknowledging the decision she made in 'Co chvila.' That decision was to drown a baby in icy water for the sake of a girl whose engagement to Steva is broken because of her disfigured face, though she marries Laca. Taking place near the Buryja's mill, for 10 points, name this opera which sees Kostelnicka led off to be put on trial for murder of her grandson, a work of Leos Janacek.;;Jenufa|Jeji pastorkyna|Her Stepdaughter|Her Foster-daughter
Literature;;One character in this work treasures a"?high-flow"? love letter given to her at a dance by a medical student. This work’s narrator pens a satirical novel about, and considers sending a fur collar to, an officer who shoves him without comment in a billiard hall. In its second section,"?Apropos of the Wet Sno"?, its protagonist invites himself to a dinner party planned by his schoolmate Simonov for another schoolmate, Zverkov, but shows up an hour early and insults everyone. Ending shortly after the prostitute Liza realizes the protagonist is incapable of love, for 10 points, identify this novella that begins"?I am a sick man, I am a spiteful ma"?, a work of Fyodor Dostoevsky.;;Notes from (the) Underground|Zapiski iz Podpolya
Literature;;This work's narrator mentions how Letizia Alvarez de Toledo believes the title entity is useless and that his colleagues have been decimated by pulmonary disease and suicide. This work mentions pilgrims who"?proffered dark curses, strangled each other on divine stairway"? while searching for the Vindications. The narrator states the best item in his possession is The Combined Thunderclap after discussing the search for"?the Man of the Book"? It establishes the axiom that"?the orthographical symbols are twenty five in numbe"? in the title location. For 10 points, name this work which posits a location made of an indefinite number of hexagons, a work of Jorge Luis Borges.;;(The) Library of Babel|(La) Biblioteca de Babel
Pop Culture;;In this song’s second verse, its singer claims that"?too much television watchin’ got me chasing dream"? after which he advises the listener not to"?arouse my ange"? and wonders if he’ll"?ever live to see twenty-four"? Earlier, this song’s vocalist warns listeners to"?watch how you’re talkin"? and describes being"?on my knees in the night, saying prayers in the streetlight"? It contains a choral section that asks"?why are we / so blind to see / that the ones we hurt / are you and me"?, and it opens with the vocalist walking"?through the valley of the shadow of death"? For 10 points, name this song that notes"?we’ve been spendin’ most our live"? living in the title location, a work of Coolio.;;Gangsta’s Paradise
Chemistry;;The Kuwajima synthesis of Taxol used a diethylaluminum compound to get to this functional group from a ketone. A partial solvolysis of this functionality is named for Pinner, and amides and this functional group form from an aldehyde and azide in the Schmidt reaction. These react with benzene derivatives to give imines because of their electronic similarity to acylium cations. Phosphorus pentachloride reacts with amides to give these. Aryl ones are made from halides in the Rosenmund-von Braun reaction, and alkyl ones in the Kolbe synthesis. For 10 points, name this functional group whose simplest example is cyanide, with a carbon triple-bonded to nitrogen.;;nitrile(s)
United States History;;One controversy during this battle was the tardy appearance of General Lew Wallace, who had led his troops down the wrong road. Near the end of this battle, the losing side’s calvary under Nathan Bedford Forrest mounted a wild counter-charge at a site called"?Fallen Timbers"? P.G.T. Beauregard took command of the losing side after his superior, Albert Sidney Johnston, was slain. This battle saw sieges of the Union positions at the Hornet’s Nest and later at Pittsburg Landing, which is an alternate name for this battle. For 10 points, name this key 1862 victory for Ulysses S. Grant in southwestern Tennessee, the bloodiest two-day battle of the Civil War.;;(Battle) (of) Shiloh;;(Battle) (of) Pittsburg Landing
Music;;One of this man’s works is marked"?mysteriou"? and"?concentrate"? and features a number of interruptions marked"?surge of terro"?. A hand injury inspired the dark F-minor key of his first piano sonata, while his first symphony ends with a paean to the glory of art. The phrase"?with a heavenly deligh"? marks the recurring theme of his White Mass Sonata, while the movements of his third symphony are"?Struggle"?,"?Delight"?, and"?Divine Pla"?. His"?Mystic chor"? features in his apocalyptic unfinished Mysterium, while he used a clavier a lumieres for a similarly synesethetic work. For 10 points, name this composer of The Divine Poem and Prometheus: The Poem of Fire.;;(Alexander) (Nikolayevich) Scriabin
Philosophy;;This work’s second section rejects knowledge from"?random experienc"? as delusional in favor or"?adequate idea"? obtained through inferential reason. Part Three of this work asserts that humans possess a drive to persevere, or conatus, that should be used to free them from their external desires. Its author asserts that all that exists is part of the"?absolutely infinit"? God in a section that distinguishes between substance, attribute, and mode. This work claims that men benefit from state rule since they lack control of their passions in the section"?Of Human Bondag"?. For 10 points, name this pantheist work of moral philosophy written in a"?geometric orde"? by Baruch Spinoza.;;Ethics (Demonstrated) (in) (a) (Geometical) (Order)|Ethica (ordine) (geometrico) (demonstrata)
Literature;;Near the end of its first section, one character helps a pair of children sleep by wrapping a boar’s head in her shawl. One character in this work imagines the human mind as a progression through the alphabet and regrets being stuck at Q; that character wanders around quoting from"?The Charge of the Light Brigad"?. Prue and Andrew die during its second section,"?Time Passe"?, while its first section,"?The Windo"?, sees Paul Rayley and Minta Doyle get engaged. Lily Briscoe finally finishes a painting in its last section, during which Cam and James finally make the title voyage with Mr. Ramsay. For 10 points, name this stream-of-consciousness novella by Virginia Woolf.;;To the Lighthouse
Religion/Mythology;;This man, whose first wife was Cleola, later fathered Anaxibia, who became the queen of Phocis after marrying Strophius. He angered Artemis by hiding the finest golden lamb in his flock in a box, but Hermes later helped him recover a throne after Zeus caused the sun to set in the east. He married Crateus’s daughter Aerope after the death of her previous husband, this man’s son Pleisthenes. Chrysippus was killed by this man and his brother at the behest of their mother Hippodamia. He killed and cooked his brother Thyestes’s children, furthering a curse that had begun with his grandfather Tantalus. For 10 points, identify this son of Pelops, the father of Menelaus and Agamemnon.;;Atreus
Physics;;A baryon state that decays into a delta baryon and one of these, or one or two nucleons and one of these, is the Roper resonance. The energy of cosmic rays is bounded at around five times ten to the nineteen eV because collisions with CMB photons would produce these particles at higher energies. These particles are the standard triplet representation of SU2 isospin symmetry. One type of these usually decays into a muon and its neutrino, and the other usually forms two photons or can form a photon, electron, and positron in Dalitz decay. Its charged versions are the up antidown and the down antiup. For 10 points, name these first-generation mesons, the lightest.;;pion(s)
Philosophy;;One work by this thinker rejects idealism since it prioritizes to the"?epistemic subjec"? and claims that suffering is"?objectivity that weighs on that subjec"?. That work also discards Kant’s distinction between noumena and phenomena in favor of a fluid"?non-incidenta"? experience. Another book that this thinker contributed to contains an excursus that labels de Sade’s Juliette a Carsteian dualist. That work examines the"?mass deceptio"? of the title concept and the deliberate commodification of art in the section"?The Culture Industr"?. For 10 points, name this Frankfurt School author of Negative Dialectics who co-wrote Dialectic of Enlightenment with Max Horkheimer.;;(Theodor) Adorno
World History;;This man won his first election in the constituency of Maidstone and once appointed R.A. Cross to spearhead reforms intended to help the working class. This man served as Foreign Minister to the Earl of Derby, whom he succeeded as Prime Minister. He was defeated in the Midlothian Campaign, in part because he did not stop the Bulgarian Horrors. This politician notably attended the Congress of Berlin and lost the first election after the Reform Act of 1867. For 10 points, name this Victorian Prime Minister from the Conservative party, a rival of Gladstone, whose name reflects his Jewish ancestry.;;(Benjamin) Disraeli|(Viscount) (of) Beaconsfield|(Earl) (of) Hughenden
Art;;In one of this man’s works, Cupid kisses the back of Galatea’s hand as Pygmalion kneels in rapture before her. He created a series of table decorations known as his Enfants while serving as the director of the porcelain manufactory at Sevres. One of his works bears an inscription from Voltaire; that work’s seated subject reaches for an arrow while putting a finger to his lips. Another of his works sits in the Senate Square and points dramatically toward the Neva; that work is mounted on Thunder Rock and sees a serpent being crushed beneath a rearing horse, ridden by Peter the Great. For 10 points, name this creator of L’Amour Menacant and The Bronze Horseman, a French Rococo sculptor.;;(Etienne) (Maurice) Falconet
Philosophy;;This writer borrowed Emile Benveniste's divide between the system of history represented by the aorist tense and the system of discourse in an essay that outlines the rise of the middle voice and questions the transitivity of a certain verb. Another of his works lays out a topos formed by the referential, symbolic, semic, proairetic, and hermeneutic codes. He may be best-known for an essay that claims that language"?knows a subject, not a perso"? and advocates the advent of the"?scripto"?. For 10 points, name this structuralist who analyzed Balzac’s"?Sarrasin"? in his S/Z and who claimed that"?the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Autho"?.;;(Roland) Barthes
World History;;During this man’s reign, the empire he ruled was expanded by the general Sagmandia. This ruler briefly lost control of his capital to an invasion by the Mossi peoples. He ruler hired the architect Abu Ishaq es Saheli to build structures such as the Hall of Audience, Sankore University, and the Djinguereber Mosque. This man was succeeded by King Maghan and was part of the Kieta dynasty. A collapse in the price of gold was one consequence of his famous hajj to Mecca. For 10 points, name this most famous king of Mali.;;(Mansa) Musa (I)
Biology;;This process has an enzyme that converts bicarbonate to carbon dioxide and then binds and transfers it as carboxyl; that enzyme has a biotinyl-lysine swinging arm motif. The Space of Disse separates endothelial cells from the cells that host this process. This process makes up one phase of the production in the muscles and processing elsewhere of lactate called the Cori cycle. This process begins with the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. For 10 points, name this pathway that uses enzymes like PEPCK in the liver and that takes non-carbohydrate energy sources and makes glucose.;;gluconeogenesis|gng
Literature;;One work by this man dissects the relationship between assent, apprehension, and inference regarding religion. He argued for the"?cultivation of the intellec"? and for a division of labor between teaching and research in the titular institution in another book. Another work by this author of the Grammar of Assent is a response to Charles Kingsley and claims there are strains of Arianism in the faith that he abandoned. This author of"?The Idea of the Universit"? converted from Anglicanism and wrote a poem that inspired an Elgar oratorio. For 10 points, name this English Cardinal who wrote"?Dream of Gerontiu"? and described his conversion to Catholicism in Apologia Pro Vita Sua.;;(John) (Henry) (Cardinal) Newman
Art;;One painting depicts this figure in a black dress, guided by Night and Aurora, while another work shows her entering an Ionic temple with a plaque stating"?Securitati Augustae"? Besides Flight from Blois and a work where she Opts for Security, Hermes gives her the caduceus in a work depicting her"?education"? An almost nude tormented Bellona is near the center of a work depicting this figure's widowhood as she accepts a blue orb emblazoned with golden fleur-de-lis. Nereids rise from the sea and Fame blows two horns as this figure descends a gangplank in The Disembarkation at Marseilles. For 10 points, name this subject of a twenty four piece cycle by Rubens, the queen of Henri IV of France.;;Marie de Medici
World History;;National heroes in this country include the gay Hungarian paleontologist Franz Nopcsa nop-cha, who helped lead its independence movement and wanted to become its first king. The 1924"?June Revolutio"? in this country was led by Bishop Fan Noli, who briefly served as Prime Minister. Hundreds of concrete pillboxes were built by this country’s Communist rulers, who included Ramiz Alia. These leaders were protected by the Sigurimi secret police. For 10 points, name this once-Maoist Balkan country of Enver Hoxha and King Zog, whose languages are Gheg and Tosk and whose capital is Tirana.;;Albania|Shqiperia
Literature;;In one poem, this author asserts that"?heroes seek release / From dusty bondage into luminous ai"?. Another of her works thrice repeats the couplet"?We were very tired, we were very merry-- / We had gone back and forth all night upon the ferr"?. She wrote of viewing"?three long mountains and a woo"? in a work in which she sees God’s face after being revived by rain. The couplet"?Safe upon the solid rock the ugly houses stand: / Come and see my shining palace built upon the sand"? is found in her most famous collection, which begins"?My candle burns at both end"?. For 10 points, name this author of"?Recuerd"? and"?Renascenc"?, as well as the collection A Few Figs from Thistles.;;(Edna) (St.) (Vincent) Millay|(Nancy) Boyd
Noncomputational Math;;Egorov's theorem relates two types of this property for measurable functions. A theorem named for Vitali applies when a dominating function cannot be found; when one can, Lebesgue's dominated this theorem applies. This property also makes Fatou's lemma reduce to that theorem. The pointwise type of this property is weaker than the uniform type. On the complex plane, this condition's equivalent is named for Cauchy, since there, it's possible for each element past some point to be arbitrarily close, without approaching a unique value. For 10 points, name this property lacked by the partial sums of the harmonic series, which requires that a sequence has a limit.;;convergence
Chemistry;;The expected value of a system's energy is minus the beta derivative of the log of this quantity. The Helmholtz free energy is minus Boltzmann's constant times temperature times the log of this quantity, and its log is not analytic near phase transitions. A quantum form of this quantity, which normalizes probabilities over state space, is equal to the exponential of minus beta times the Hamiltonian. The canonical one is equal to e to the minus energy over the sum of Boltzmann factors over all microstates, and describes the properties of a system that can exchange only heat with its environment. For 10 points, name this quantity, often symbolized Z.;;partition function
Music;;The original score of this work contained a pas de deux by Leon Minkus not found in the more common Drigo score. The male protagonist of this ballet hunts with his friend Benno and receives a crossbow on his birthday from his mother the Queen who demands that he find a wife. This ballet’s female lead has been cursed by a man who can transform into an owl, and falls in love with that prince in the woods. At the ball in its third act, Von Rothbart switches that woman for his daughter Odile, who seduces Sigfried in the place of Odette, who later drowns herself in the titular body of water. For 10 points, name this ballet by Tchaikovsky about a woman turned into the titular bird.;;Swan Lake|Lake of the Swans|Lebedinoye Ozero
Geography;;The Riau Archipelago is located to the northeast of this island, and this island is separated from its eastern neighbor by the Karimata Strait. This island's highest point is at Mount Kerinci and part of its Barisan Mountains, and the northern portion of this island contains the volcanic Lake Toba. Its cities include Medan and Padang, and the northern part of this island is near the Nicobar Islands and includes the territory of Aceh. Located to the west of the Sunda Strait and containing the city of Palembang, for 10 points, name this island south of the Strait of Malacca which, behind New Guinea and Borneo, is the third largest island of Indonesia.;;Sumatra
Literature;;Near the beginning of this work, the narrator looks down into a"?black and lurid tar"? in an attempt to"?annihilate the capacity for sorrowful impressio"? of the title object. This work’s narrator remembers a"?perversio"? of"?the wild air of the last waltz of von Webe"? being played by a character who sings a song called"?The Haunted Palac"?. Its narrator later reads a novel in which the knight Ethelred kills a dragon and receives a shield, Launcelot Canning’s The Mad Trist. Late in this work, a pair of doors burst open to reveal Madeleine, after which Roderick dies of terror. For 10 points, name this story which ends with the collapse of the title structure, a work of Edgar Allan Poe.;;(The) Fall of the House of Usher
United States History;;During one debate during this election, the Democratic candidate was asked how he would feel about capital punishment if his wife were raped and murdered. At the Democratic convention before this election, Ann Richards said the Republican nominee was born with a"?silver foot in his mouth"? The Republican candidate successfully used the image of black convict Willie Horton against his opponent. During the vice presidential debate, Lloyd Bentsen said his Republican counterpart was"?no Jack Kennedy"? For 10 points, name this presidential election which saw a man who promised"?no new taxes"? George H.W. Bush, defeat Michael Dukakis.;;(Election) (of) 1988
Philosophy;;This thinker rejected the existence of pure universals, concepts, and relations in the essay"?Are There A Priori Concept"? contained in his Philosophical Papers. In another work, this man argued that everyday language used to describe perception was more refined than the dichotomy between the material world and sense data. Another work by him outlines five forms of statements that are neither true nor false and indicate action. That work examines performative utterances that make up illocutionary speech acts. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who wrote Sense and Sensibilia and How to Do Things with Words.;;(J.L.) Austin|(John) (Langshaw) Austin
Biology;;One set of proteins involved in acquiring this condition was discovered by Nomura and named after a Drosophila gene; those proteins triggered by adjuvants are toll-like receptors. Wright and Douglas discovered opsonins, part of the humoral form of this condition. The Hoskins effect, which inhibits this condition against a new agent, results after this has developed against a similar agent and is also called original antigenic sin. A natural form of this arises from prior exposure, and artificially-acquired forms of this condition include vaccination. For 10 points, name this condition in which an organism is sufficiently defended to avoid disease.;;immunity
Religion/Mythology;;A son of this figure had three hearts in which three serpents grew; that son, Mechi, was killed by Mac Cecht. This figure once lured a cow belonging to Odras into the cave of Cruachan. This deity owned a chariot pulled by a one-legged horse and was sometimes said to be the daughter of Ernmas. This figure promised to take the blood and kidneys of the Fomorian king Indech after having sex with the Dagda before the Second Battle of Magh Tuireadh. During the Cattle Raid of Cooley, she repeatedly goes unrecognized by Cuchulainn. For 10 points, identify this deity represented as the trio of Badb, Nemain, and Macha, an Irish goddess of war associated with the hooded crow.;;(the) Morrigan|Morrigu|Morrighan|Mor-Rioghain|Morrigna
Literature;;One of this man’s works focuses on a steel rigger who once spent two days working inside a pipe and ends with its narrator determining the cause of a problem with anchovy tin coating. Another of his narrators accompanies Leonid in joining the Gedalists after deserting the Red Army. This author wrote of Libertino Faussoni and Mendel Dajcher in The Monkey’s Wrench and If Not Now, When?, respectively. One of his works ends with"?The Story of Ten Day"?, while another consists of 21 stories titled after chemical elements. For 10 points, name this ex-chemist who wrote of his time in Auschwitz in works like The Drowned and the Saved, If This Is a Man, and The Periodic Table.;;(Primo) (Michele) Levi
World History;;The early rulers of this city were members of the Bacchiad family ending with Telestes. A war named for this city concluded with the Peace of Antalcidas and saw the battles of Nemea and Coronea against the Spartan king Agesilaus II. This city was ruled by the tyrants Cypselus and Periander, and this its colonies included Corcyra and Syracuse. Philip II founded a League named for this place after destroying the Theban Sacred Band at the Battle of Charonea, and this city was razed by the Romans under Lucius Mummius in 146 B.C.E. For 10 points, name this Greek city state located on a namesake isthmus.;;Corinth
Art;;A pink cornice marks this man's second sacra conversazione, the Annalena Altarpiece, while Santa Croce commissioned this man's Compagnia di San Francesco Altarpiece. Verses from Genesis and the Gospel of St. John are inscribed on two concentric circles in this man's Vision of Ezekiel, which is amongst his works on the Armadio degli Argenti. His Prado Altarpiece features a miniature Expulsion on the extreme left of a panel which shows a ray of light on the Virgin, who is separated from an angel by a column in his Annunciation. For 10 points, name this painter from Fiesole who decorated the walls of his Dominican convent of San Marco, sometimes called"?the blessed"?;;(Fra) Angelico|(il) (Beato) Angelico|(Guido) di Pietro;;Giovanni da Fiesole
World History;;One holder of this position had an advisor who wrote the essay"?Land Without a History"? which called for the government to create national pride. Another holder of this position was disgraced by the Guillaume Affair, in which one of his personal assistants turned out to be a Communist spy. One man in this position traded Heligoland for a namesake strip in Africa, while the first holder of this post established the"?Reptile Fun"? to influence journalists. This post is currently held by a woman who has a doctorate in quantum chemistry. For 10 points, name this position first held by Otto von Bismarck and now held by Angela Merkel.;;Chancellor (of) Germany|(Deutsches) Kanzler|Bundeskanzler|Chancellor of West Germany
Literature;;This author is currently working on a novel set shortly after a psychic terrorist destroys New York City. The narrator of one of his stories watches Rafa smash a Coke bottle over the head of another character in order to see his pig-ravaged face. This creator of the upcoming novel Dark America and the masked man Ysrael penned a collection that ends with the story"?Negocio"?. In this man’s best-known work, Abelard Cabral protects his daughter Belicia from the desires of Rafael Trujillo, setting off a fuku that leads to the death of Yunior de Las Casas’s overweight, geeky roommate. For 10 points, name this Dominican-born author of Drown and The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.;;(Junot) Diaz
Music;;An early version of this piece followed another piece titled"?The Great Hat"? and was the final tableau adapted from its composer’s melodrama The Melting of the Ice on the Ulea River. Opening with a foreboding brass progression, it contains repeating trumpet blasts around a third of the way through before introducing a hymnal theme adapted from an Emil Genetz song. Originally the final section of its composer’s Music for Press Ceremony, it was often performed under titles like Finale and Impromptu to avoid Russian censors. Ending with a namesake hymn for which words were written by V.A. Koskenniemi, for 10 points, name this patriotic tone poem by Jean Sibelius.;;Finlandia|(Jean) Sibelius(’s) Op(us) 26|Happy Feelings at the awakening of Finnish Spring|Finland Awakens
Earth Science;;One effect of this phenomenon has been the rerouting of the Kuroshio extension further north. It has been postulated that a recently emergent"?Modok"? form of this event doesn't feature its characteristic depression in Atlantic hurricane rates. This phenomenon results from weakened or reversed Walker circulation. Work by Bjerknes linked this phenomenon to one that occurs when the surface air pressure at Tahiti is less than that at Darwin, Australia; that is this phenomenon's atmospheric component, called the Southern Oscillation. For 10 points, name this periodic occurrence in which the central and eastern Pacific warm up, paired with La Nina.;;El Nino(-Southern) (Oscillation)|ENSO
Pop Culture;;One character created by this author is aided by Sigourney in rescuing the ScreeWee people after receiving the video game Only You Can Save Mankind. A black box called The Thing informs Grimma and Masklin that the nomes come from space in this author’s Wings. Trevor Likely stars in the most recent book by this creator of Johnny Maxwell and the Bromeliad trilogy. That work, Unseen Academicals, is the latest book in the best-known series by this author, which opened with two books about Rincewind and Twoflower and also features entries about the witches of Lancre and the Ankh-Morpork Watch. For 10 points, name this British author of the Discworld series.;;(Terry) Pratchett|(Terence) (David) (John) Pratchett
Chemistry;;One scientist applied Kuhn's excluded volume to these compounds and developed the idea of the"?theta solvent"? for which it is minimized. A coordinate convention used for this type of compound is named for that man, Paul Flory."?Livin"? reactions to make these are often controlled by redox equilibria. Bridged metallocenes called Kaminsky catalysts make them with one type of tacticity, while traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysts give the other form. Initiation, elongation, and termination steps are essential to the radical mechanism for forming these. For 10 points, name these compounds exemplified by plastics, formed by repeated addition of units called monomers.;;polymer(s)
Psychology;;This thinker claimed that going beyond the pleasure principle could only lead to pain, or jouissance, in one of his seminars. In one essay he proposed a projection of the ego called the"?little othe"?, which creates a yearning for an unattainable aspect of the Other called the"?object little "?. This author of"?The Formation of the Unconsciou"? described his most famous concept as"?Formative of the "?, and he conceived of it as the dialectic of the gaze between the Ideal-Ego and the Ego-Ideal in the development of infant self-consciousness. For 10 points, name this author of Ecrits, a French neo-Freudian psychoanalyst who theorized the"?mirror stag"?.;;(Jacques) Lacan
World History;;This polity rose to prominence after the collapse of the neighboring Pallava empire. One ruler of this polity built the Brihadeeswarar temple. This polity collapsed due to a rebellion of their Pandyan vassals, and late in its existence it was a rival of the Hoysala Empire. Many rulers of this polity were named Rajendra or Rajaraja. This empire notably expanded to include the Malay Peninsula and parts of modern Indonesia, but was based in Tamil-speaking areas. For 10 points, name this empire based around the Kaveri River, the most important empire in South India.;;Chola (Empire)
Literature;;This poem is dedicated to"?a certain poetes"? who asked"?Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid"? in"?Who’s for the Game"?. Its speaker describes an event that occurs"?at every jol"? as"?Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud / Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongue"?. Its subjects, who became"?deaf even to the hoots / Of tired, outstripped Five-Nine"?, are said to be"?Bent double, like old beggars under sack"?. Its second stanza describes an"?ecstasy of fumblin"?, after which a man plunges at its speaker,"?guttering, choking, drownin"?. Its title is described as"?the old Li"? and is taken from Horace. For 10 points, identify this poem about a gas attack, written by Wilfred Owen.;;Dulce Et Decorum Est
Biology;;This protein is ubiquitinated by Mdm2, and ubiquitin can be cleaved from it by USP7. This protein forms a complex with Bcl-xL that is disrupted by a protein called PUMA. HPV infection leads to the production of an inactivator of this protein called E6. This protein tetramerizes via its C-terminal domain, allowing it to bind DNA. Mutations in this protein can lead to Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and it activates the transcription of the WAF1 gene, which binds to CDK2. This protein can trigger DNA repair in case of damage and can halt the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint. For 10 points, name this protein which initiates apoptosis and protects against cancerous growth in the body.;;(tumor) (protein) p53
Geography;;This body of water contains the volcanic Jabal al-Tair Island as well as Kamaran Island, and it also contains the Dahlak Archipelago near the city of Adulis. One coastline on this body of water contains the Hejaz  and Asir Mountains in addition to the cities of Rabigh and Jiddah, and the northern part of this body of water contains the Straits of Tiran and Gubol. The resort town Sharm-el-Sheik is in the city of Eilat lies on its Gulf of Aqaba, and this body of water is bounded on the south by the Bab el-Mandeb. Created by the intersection of the African and Arabian plates, for 10 points, identify this body of water bordering Yemen, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.;;Red (Sea)
Philosophy;;One work by this thinker outlines the corruption of self-love into amour propre that leads to a competitive desire for power. Another work by him claims that vices create the liberal arts and concern for mannered art only leads to corruption. This author of Discourse on Inequality and Discourse on Arts and Sciences demanded that every child learn a trade in a book that describes the title boy’s ideal education. He wrote a work that argued that the"?general wil"? be represented by a ruler who cooperates with the government through the titular agreement. For 10 points, name this author of Emile who wrote that man is born free"?but everywhere is in chain"? in The Social Contract.;;(Jean-Jacques) Rousseau
Literature;;At the end of this work’s second act, one character grabs another and sings,"?We are the boys / That fears no noise / Where the thundering cannons roar"? while in this play’s first act, that character sings about the Three Pigeons alehouse. Another character in this work instructs his servants Roger and Diggory to prepare for a"?table exercise"? Avoiding a trip to Aunt Pedigree’s house allows Constance Neville to steal jewels and elope with George Hastings in this work, which also sees Tony Lumpkin trick its male protagonist into believing the house he seeks is merely an inn. For 10 points, Charles Marlow believes Kate Hardcastle to be a servant in which play by Oliver Goldsmith?;;She Stoops to Conquer
Art;;Five fat clownish figures prance around a stage in this man's Scarlet Pastorale and one of his works shows a man clapping in glee while admiring his treasures, which sit under the sign"?Volpone"? His Lady with a Monkey came out of a set of six works based on the poems of Theophile Gautier. In later life he repudiated works showing three men with an effusion of pubic hair and massive penises; that was his Lacedaimonian Ambassadors, part of his Lysistrata series. For 10 points, name this man who did drawings for The Savoy and The Yellow Book, who drew The Dancer's Reward and The Peacock Skirt as part of his illustrations for Wilde's Salome.;;(Aubrey) Beardsley
Pop Culture;;Steve Spurrier sarcastically dubbed the current head coach of this collegiate team"?Mr. Footbal"? while he was coaching at North Carolina. At home games,"?Smokey the Canno"? is fired each time this team scores. This team’s coach-in-waiting is Will Muschamp. Hunter Lawrence made a game-winning kick in its second to last game last season against Nebraska, while in its final game, Garrett Gilbert was forced to come in after its quarterback was injured during the first drive. For 10 points, name this Big 12 football team coached by Mack Brown which lost this year’s championship game to Alabama and featured Colt McCoy as quarterback.;;(University) (of) Texas (at) (Austin) (Longhorns)|(University) (of) (Texas) (at) (Austin) Longhorns
Computer Science;;One problem in this class involves determining if dominoes can be configured so that the concatenation of strings along their tops matches the one along their bottoms and is known as the Post correspondence problem. One problem in this class is related to Chaitin's constant and asks whether a given Turing machine, given an input, will ever return a definite answer, known as the halting problem. Objects with this property can be framed as subsets of natural numbers that can't be reproduced by an algorithm. For 10 points, name this kind of problem such that no single algorithm can give the correct binary answer for all possible inputs.;;undecidable
World History;;The end of this event became known as"?the Bloody Week"? During this event, Generals Lecomte and Thomas were executed after attempting to prevent artillery from being stockpiled on top of Montmartre Hill. Leaders of this event took Bishop Goerge Darboy hostage and attempted to exchange him for Louis Blanqui. During this event, the Vendome Column was destroyed and military power was placed in the hands of General Jaroslaw Dabrowski. Eventually put down by the nationalist government of Adolphe Thiers, for 10 points name this socialist government in France formed after the Franco-Prussian War, which briefly ruled out of the capital in 1871.;;Paris Commune
Religion/Mythology;;This deity helped resolve a dispute that brought a water goddess back from Nubia and oversaw three major battles between order and chaos. One creature that served this god was a guardian of a lake of fire named Astennu. He gave Isis the words that would resurrect Osiris and once alleviated Nun’s sterility by gambling with Khonsu to secure the intercalary days. One of his forms is the god of equilibrium, the baboon-headed A’an. He oversaw the ceremony in which the feather of Ma’at, his feminine counterpart, was weighed by Anubis against the heart of the deceased. For 10 points, name inventor of writing, an Egyptian god of wisdom and magic who is depicted with the head of an ibis.;;Thoth|Djehuty|Tahuti|Zehuti|Techu|Tetu
Literature;;Marini is found dead on a beach by Klaios, a villager of Xiros, in one of this man's stories, while in another Rice is forced to play the part of John Howell. Irene and the unnamed narrator lose their home in one of his short stories,"?Casa tomada"? and in a story from the same collection, a tiger roams around Rema’s house. In addition to Bestiario, he wrote a story in which Roberto Michel photographs a woman and a boy caught in an illicit act, The Blow-Up. In another of his works, Horatio Oliveira searches for La Maga throughout France and South America. For 10 points, name this Argentine author of Hopscotch.;;(Julio) Cortazar
World History;;As the governor of Cilicia, this man was the first Roman official to meet with a Parthian ambassador, and he served under Quintus Catulus in defeating the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae. His victories at Orchomenos and Chaeronea over Archelaus led to the end of the Mithridatic War, after which he turned his attention to a Rome led by Cinna. In his most famous post, he greatly reduced the power of the Tribunes and strengthened the Senate, depite executing 1,500 nobles. With the help of King Bocchus, he captured Jugurtha, although credit was given to his superior and rival. For 10 points, name this Roman general, the enemy of Marius.;;(Lucius) (Cornelius) Sulla (Felix)
Chemistry;;Methods for using this procedure's"?invers"? form to find solid surface energy were developed by Dorris and Gray and by Schultz. This procedure's results can be summarized for a pair of compounds as a Kovats index. Common detectors for this procedure include hot wire detectors and flame ionization detectors. Some devices used for this technique have walls coated with a progression of stationary phases. The retention time in this technique depends on boiling point and solubility, both of which affect its partitioning behavior with the mobile and stationary phases. For 10 points, name this type of procedure where the vaporized analyte is separated and often carried through by helium.;;gas(-liquid) chromatography
Religion/Mythology;;One practice of this group is the ordinance of humility, a footwashing ceremony that occurs during communion. This faith’s Glacier View Controversy caused a schism over one of its 28 Fundamental Beliefs, which include the remnant church and the creation of a new earth at the end times. After breaking with this faith, David Koresh formed the Branch Davidians. Many members of this faith hold that believers have been under constant"?investigative judgmen"? since William Miller’s failed prediction in 1844 that ended in the"?Great Disappointmen"?. For 10 points, name this Protestant religion that wrongly predicted the Second Coming and that observes its Sabbath on Saturday.;;(Seventh) (Day) Adventists|SDA
World History;;One force failed to arrive at this event because it was held up in the Baro Gorge. That force was led by Christian de Bonchamps. Gabriel Hanotaux had ordered Jean-Baptiste Marchand to march to this event, though those orders were rescinded by Theophile Delcasse, who became foreign minister during this event. Another force arrived at this event after winning the Battle of Omdurman and was led by Herbert Kichener. For 10 points, name this 1898 incident that saw heightened tensions between the French and British over colonial claims on the namesake Sudanese town.;;Fashoda (Crisis)|Fashoda (Incident)
Anthropology;;This man wrote that anthropology should focus on the mind and human nature in an essay that argues that the titular belief creates its own anxiety over the"?degradation of the min"? caused by a lack of absolutism. Another work by him critiques the application of Western political forms to the title communities that reinforce their power through a dramatic"?theater stat"?. This author of"?Anti Anti-Relativis"? examined the value of a certain high-stakes competition in Indonesia using a technique coined by Gilbert Ryle. For 10 points, name this American practitioner of"?thick descriptio"? whose"?Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfigh"? is in The Interpretation of Cultures.;;(Clifford) Geertz
Literature;;This author wrote"?When you came, you were like red wine and hone"? in a poem from the series"?Two Speak Togethe"? that was dedicated to Ada Dwyer Russell and titled"?A Decad"?. The title objects of one of this poet’s works have"?forgotten their Eastern origi"? and are"?a curiously clear-cut, candid flowe"? that appears in"?great puff"? across New England. She also imagined a man"?fighting with the Duke in Flander"? while she walks"?up and dow"? the"?garden-path"? in another of her poems. For 10 points, name this author of such collections as What’s O’Clock and A Dome of Many-Colored Glass, which contain Imagist poems like"?Lilac"? and"?Pattern"?.;;(Amy) (Lawrence) Lowell
Music;;The final movement of one of this composer’s works opens with a pseudo-fanfare for bass drum, cymbals, and timpani, while that work’s first movement closes with a run of triplets up the keyboard along an F Major 6 chord. A tone poem by this man features a brief celesta solo in its slow section and sees a trumpet play the so-called"?homesickness blue"? solo. His best-known work premiered on a program called"?An Experiment in Modern Musi"? and was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe; for that work, Ross Gorman improvised the opening clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of the Concerto in F, An American in Paris, and Rhapsody in Blue.;;(George) Gershwin|(Jacob) Gershovitz
Physics;;Karpa and Weitz carried out a version of this experiment on polaritons, quasiparticles that model slow light. This experiment is mimicked by population inversion in a MASER. Employing an extension of this experiment's apparatus led I. I. Rabi to discover his eponymous oscillation. The results of this experiment accorded with the later hypothesis of Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit. This experiment featured a nonuniform magnetic field that deflected a beam of silver atoms, giving two beams rather than a continuous distribution. Created to test the Bohr-Sommerfield hypothesis, for 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous experiment that demonstrated the discrete value of spin.;;Stern-Gerlach (experiment)
United States History;;This figure was the titular subject of a tragedy written by British soldier Robert Rogers, while historian Francis Parkman wrote of The Conspiracy of this man. After his forces killed Captain James Dalyell, General Jeffrey Amherst placed a 200-pound bounty on this man’s head. The victor at the Battle of Bloody Run, this leader was eventually slain at Cahokia by a member of the rival Peoria tribe. The conflict associated with this man saw the bloody actions of the Paxton Boys and the sieges of both Fort Miami and Fort Pitt. For 10 points, name this Ottawa chief who launched a 1763 war against the British and who personally laid siege to Fort Detroit.;;Pontiac|Obwandiyag
Literature;;In the beginning of this play, two characters repeat"?Let us bolt"? and in another part, one character threatens to tear out another’s eyelashes; in response, the other says he will slit his gullet. The orchestra area represents the Pnyx at Athens, and the protagonists attempt to impress another by pointing out the differences between the two. Two slaves find that another character is doomed to be replaced, and after Nicias brings him some wine and the oracle, Demosthenes tells Agoracritus, the sausage-seller, that it is his destiny to overtake the Paphlagonian as ruler of Demos. For 10 points, identify this play in which Aristophanes derides Cleon by portraying him as a leather-cutter.;;(The) Knights
Chemistry;;This operation can be accomplished using a bis-iodozincio compound in the absence of metal salts in an ionic liquid as a single substitution, or via the reaction of formaldehyde to a malonic ester in the presence of an amine, a reaction named for Knoevenagel. Using a compound with two cyclopentadiene ligands, a titanium carbenoid, this operation occurs as a single substitution at a carbonyl in the Tebbe olefination. The group added in this reaction is named for how it would appear following homolytic cleavage, a neutral one-carbon species with two unpaired electrons; that group is the simplest carbene. For 10 points, name this type of reaction in which a CH2 group is attached.;;methylenation| add(ing) (a) methylene (group|)|add(ing) (a) CH2
World History;;A painting depicting an incident from this event is Qui Ying’s Minghuang’s Journey to Sichuan. One participant in this event declared himself head of the"?Yan dynast"? after taking control of Luoyang. It occurred during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong and its leaders included Shi Siming. Chancellor Yang Guozhong was executed during this event, in part because Yang Guifei, his sister, had empowered the leader of the opposing side. For 10 points, name this 8th century rebellion that destabilized the Tang dynasty and was led by a namesake Turk.;;(the) An Lushan (rebellion);;An Shi
Music;;One of this person’s characteristic orchestral motif is a scherzo consisting of alternating elaborations in an ABABA form. This artist’s distinct version of the sonata form uses three sonic areas rather than two, as can be heard in the first and fourth movements of all but one of his major orchestral works. Clashing cymbals, along with triangles and timpanis, feature at the climax of the second movement of this man’s seventh, or"?Lyri"?, symphony. He created two study symphonies sometimes numbered zero and double zero, and he added a Volksfest finale and a"?Hunt Scherz"? to another work. For 10 points, name this Austrian whose fourth symphony is called the"?Romanti"?.;;(Anton) Bruckner|(Joseph) (Anton) Bruckner
Literature;;The speaker of this work refuses to use the terms"?harsh or gratin"? to describe the"?sad music of humanit"? and declares that not"?all the dreary intercourse of daily life shall prevail o’er us"? This poem describes a"?delightful strea"? where the speaker stood with a figure that had"?far deeper zeal of holy love"? Closing by mentioning"?these steep woods and lofty cliffs, / and this green pastoral landscape"? the speaker counts the"?five years have passed; five summers with the length / of five long winters"? in this final poem in Lyrical Ballads. For 10 points, name this poem whose speaker returns to a building on the Wye River with his sister Dorothy, a work of William Wordsworth.;;(Lines) (written) (a) (few) (miles) (above) Tintern Abbey
Economics;;Because of Kemp’s research, a continuous differential interpretation of this tool can be given by considering this construct as a cone, and considering the vertex of that cone as something to subtract the values represented on the axes from before dividing one by the other. The marginal rate of transformation is defined as the slope of this construct, and points outside of it are unattainable. This construct works by having the possible quantities of goods on two axes, and a smooth curve linking the two quantities, reflecting the concept of opportunity cost. For 10 points, name this economic concept that shows all possible permutations of producing the quantities of two types of goods.;;p(roduction) p(ossibility) f(rontier)|production possibility curve
Biology;;A satellite to this infectious agent worsens its symptoms and was fully modeled by Klaus Schulten. Klug reported a cylindrical intermediate essential to the formation of the long helical rod shape of this infectious agent. Fraenkel-Conrat showed that it reproduces using RNA, and its p30 protein causes swelling in the plasmodesmata of its hosts. Wendell Stanley’s experiment on this organism showed that after this virus had crystallized, it was still fully functional. It causes a namesake mottling pattern on leaves and can also infect tomatos and peppers. For 10 points, name this first virus discovered, which affects its namesake plants.;;tobacco mosaic (virus)
United States History;;This event was prompted after one participant refused the terms of the"?Stennis Compromise"? One participant in this event was the first ever administrator of the EPA, while another participant is the only man to serve in four different Cabinet-level positions. Legislation passed after this event helped extend the power of such individuals as Lawrence Walsh and Kenneth Starr. Robert Bork ended up having to execute the wishes of the president after William Ruckelshaus refused. For 10 points, name this October 1973 incident during the Watergate scandal when special prosecutor Archibald Cox was fired and Attorney General Richardson resigned.;;Saturday Night Massacre;;Watergate
Pop Culture;;One character in this film is horrified to find his nickname is the"?Little Man"? Another character incorrectly says the phrase"?That’s a bingo"? One scene sees characters playing a parlor game where one character has a card identifying him as King Kong, while another scene has a character posing as an Italian stuntman. A film-within-a-film is the patriotic epic Nation’s Pride. This film features Christoph Waltz as Hans Landa and another character named Aldo Raine, played by Brad Pitt. For 10 points, name this 2009 Quentin Tarantino film about the titular Jewish commando unit kicking ass in World War II.;;Inglourious Basterds
Literature;;As an artist, this man put on the Berlin exhibit The End of the World. In a novel by this man, the narrator is told about a Grand Marshall witnessing a nun cutting open herself in a bathtub and dumping out all her intestines. The author of a play in which the generically named Woman is killed by Crowd while protected by Man called The Other Shore, one of his protagonists follows biologists studying pandas; that protagonist appears in a work translated into English by Mabel Lee. That character splits into I and You and rallies against the Three Gorges Dam. For 10 points, name this author of Soul Mountain, China’s sole literature Nobel Laureate.;;Gao (Xingjian)
Religion/Mythology;;In the presence of the Annunaki, this figure uttered"?the cry of guilt"? During childbirth, this figure was convinced by the kurgarra and the galatur to allow them to take back an earlier visitor. The primary temple to this figure was located in Kutha, and this goddess was served by the minister and messenger Namtar. Her first husband was Gugalana, the Bull of Heaven, but after his death this goddess married Nergal. She required her sister to remove a garment at each of the seven gates leading to Irkalla and then demanded that that sister sacrifice her consort Tammuz. For 10 points, identify this sister of Ishtar, the Sumerian goddess of the underworld.;;Ereshkiga;;Irkalla
Philosophy;;This work's protagonist suggests that one should pay a trainer of horses, not a teacher of children, and claims that his"?customary sig"? indicates that he can look forward either to meeting famous figures or a single night's sleep. Its speaker, who compares the state to a steed slowed down by its very size, requiring a gadfly to stimulate it, tricks his interrogator into accusing him of both worshipping demons and being an atheist, and he reminds Meletus and the jury that the heretical beliefs he is accused of holding actually stem from Anaxagoras. For 10 points, name this dialogue in which Socrates defends himself against charges of"?corrupting the youth of Athens"? written by Plato.;;(The) Apology (of) (Socrates)|Apologia
World History;;This husband of Margaret of Provence once sent William of Rubruck as an ambassador to the Mongols. A younger brother of this king founded the House of Anjou. Advisors to this king include his biographer, Jean de Joinville. This king lost the Battle of Fariskur after he captured Damietta while attempting to conquer Egypt. This son of Blanche of Castille is most famous for leading the Seventh and Eighth crusades. During the latter event, he died and was succeeded by Philip III. For 10 points, name this King of France who was canonized by the Catholic Church.;;Louis (IX|the Ninth){1}?|S(t(.)|aint){1}? Louis;;Louis
Physics;;In general, these statements can be found by inspection by considering that the symmetry of the integrand in the transition integral is the direct product of the symmetries of the transition moment operator, and the conjugate-initial and final wave functions, as that symmetry dictates when that integral is zero. For hydrogen-like atoms one of these exists for all multipoles against the case in which the initial and final states have zero total angular momentum; consequently, transitions between such states do not occur. Transitions subject to one of these are known as allowed or forbidden. For 10 points, name these quantum mechanical strictures that dictate when a transition is possible.;;selection rule(s);;transition rule(s)
Religion/Mythology;;In one tradition this figure breaks an oath to follow without questioning while on a journey with Al-Khidr. In another tradition, this figure receives a vision of Adam and Eve’s family in his namesake book in The Pearl of Great Price. This man ordered the slaughter of Midianites to retaliate against Balak, and he mounted a brass serpent on a pole to ward off snakebites after producing water from a rock and making manna rain from heaven. This husband of Tzipporah was raised by the Pharaoh’s sister and announced the arrival of ten plagues with his brother Aaron. For 10 points, name this prophet who received the Torah on Mount Sinai and led the Israelites out of Egypt.;;Moses|Moshe|Musa
Literature;;A man from Black Bear Lake becomes engaged to Irene Scheerer in a work by this man that details six encounters between Judy Jones and Dexter Green. In another of his stories, the sudden arrival of Duncan Schaeffer and Lorraine Quarles horrifies Marion Peters, thus preventing Charlie Wales from recovering his daughter Honoria. Another of his protagonists learns from Kismine that Percy Washington's parents shoot down airmen who observe the Montana mountain that holds a certain gemstone. For 10 points, name this author of"?Winter Dream"? and"?Babylon Revisite"? who told of John Unger in"?The Diamond as Big as the Rit"? and penned The Great Gatsby.;;(Francis) (Scott) (Key) Fitzgerald
Art;;One of this man's still life paintings shows a Japanese fan and porcelain Buddha statue near a horse's head. A dog sniffs around the foreground of a work showing a woman in a purple dress playing a flute, Joyousness. A nude woman slyly looks at the viewer as another nude lies on the beach in What, Are You Jealous, while a black idol seems to stare at a nude woman lying on a yellow bed in this man's The Spirit of the Dead Keep Watch. A long brown form divides the nuns from an angel in purple with golden wings in this man's Vision after the Sermon. For 10 points, name this post-Impressionist of The Yellow Christ, a painter known for his depictions of Tahitians.;;(Eugene) (Henri) (Paul) Gauguin
Geography;;This city is home to Longhua Park and the People's Park, and this city's surrounding islands include Hengsha and Chongming. This city's Yuyuan Garden is located near the city of Suzhou, and religious sites in this city include the Hall of the Great Hero and the Jade Buddha Temple. This city contains a Europeanized section called the Bund, and the World Financial Center, Pearl Twoer, and Jin Mao Building are located in its Pudong area. Located in Jiangsu Province on the Huangpo River near the mouth of the Yangtze River, for 10 points, name this site of the 2010 World Expo and largest city in China.;;Shanghai
World History;;The Kania government was overthrown in a military coup after deciding to negotiate with this organization. This organization first emerged to oppose the budget cuts of Edward Gierek. Under one compromise, the government bought leaders of this group one-way tickets out of the country. This group engaged in the Round Table Talks with General Jaruzelski. Agitation from this group eventually led to free elections, leading to this group’s leader becoming President and winning the Nobel Peace Prize. For 10 points, name this group led by Lech Walesa, which opposed Communism in 1980’s Poland.;;Solidarity|Solidarnosc
Physics;;The Strouhal number governs flow that arises due to these phenomena. Helmholtz is the namesake of three theorems that concern the physical shape of these objects, and when these objects possess no shear factor, their equation of motion shows that all points in them possess the same angular velocity. Theodore von Karman is the namesake of a sheet that shows how these objects can induce motion in fluids. For 10 points, name this phenomenon that is the namesake of a characteristic measured by taking the curl of the velocity of a fluid or taking circulation and dividing it by area, a fluid phenomenon that swirls.;;vortex|vorticity
Literature;;Benedetto Croce claimed this work's fortune is comparable to a smiling and lovely girl. It remarks that men should extract their wings from the"?loving birdlime"? One character builds a bridge to atone for his drunken murder of a princess mourning Zerbino after he quarrels over Doralice with Mandricardo. That character is killed by a man who earlier rode a hippogryph to save a girl who chooses Medoro after seducing Rinaldo and the title character. Featuring Bradamante, Rogero, and Angelica, for 10 points, name this poem about a paladin of Charlemange by Ludovico Ariosto.;;Orlando Furioso|Orlando the Crazy|Orlando the Mad
Literature;;This man told of Quaquaro, the steward of Sidonie Knobbe and the Hassenreuter family in one play. Streckmann blackmails and rapes the title character of another work, who bears Flamm's child but tries to marry Keil. Helene commits suicide after she learns that Alfred Loth leaves her because of her family's alcohol problems in his first play Before Dawn. In another of his plays, Old Baumert vomits after being unable to digest dog-meat, and that plays sees Becker and Jaeger lead the titular workers to revolt against the oppression of Dreissiger. For 10 points, identify this man wrote about the plight of the titular Silesians in The Weavers.;;(Gerhart) Hauptmann
Geography;;Landmarks in this city include the Pepper Wreck and an ornate sculpture of 33 distinct personalities standing or kneeling in a row, with a man cradling a ship in his hands standing in front. That sculpture, the Monument to the Discoveries, was built for the 1940 World’s Fair. A structure in this city is the Torre de Belem, which is dedicated to this city’s patron saint, Vincent. This city contains both the"?25th of April Bridg"? and the longest bridge in Europe, named for an explorer noted for his voyages to India. For 10 points, name this city which was severely damaged in a 1755 earthquake, a European city located on the Tagus River that serves as the capital of Portugal.;;Lisbon
Earth Science;;Glauconite is a mineral of this type, though it lacks a characteristic property, and the"?window"? which allow weak forms of radiation to pass through Geiger counters are usually made of these minerals."?Bird's ey"? patterns are exhibited by two of these minerals when placed under cross-polarized light. One type of these minerals is a lithium source, lepidolite, and another has a chromium-rich variant called fuchsite and gets its name because of its use in Russian glass. Containing such minerals as biotites and muscovites, for 10 points, identify these phyllosilicate minerals, many of which exhibit perfect basal cleavage.;;mica(s)
World History;;Julian Castro led a coup in this country following the rule of the corrupt Monagas brothers. This nation secured its independence after the troops of Miguel De La Torre were defeated by an army of Llaneros led by Jose Antonio Paez and Simon Bolivar at the Battle of Carabobo. The War to the Death decree was aimed at ousting Juan de Monteverde, who led its first Republic, and the final battle in its war for independence saw Republican forces defeat Royalists at the naval battle of Lake Maracaibo. For 10 points, identify this Bolivarian Republic which is currently led by Hugo Chavez.;;Venezuela
Music;;This man’s third symphony was originally composed for the 19 strings in the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra and features a chaconne as its third movement. His trilogy of"?portraits of natur"? consists of The Light, The Canyon, and Itaipu, while his later symphonies include the Ginsberg-inspired Plutonian Ode and the Toltec. His eponymous six-movement chamber work includes the piece"?Facade"?, which was drawn from his score to Godfrey Reggio’s Koyaanisqatsi. This man adapted the Hymn to the Sun and the Book of the Dead for the third of his"?portrai"? operas, Akhenaten. For 10 points, name this American minimalist who scored films like The Hours and The Truman Show.;;(Philip) Glass
Biology;;The onset of this event is regulated by levels of RCS1, and a complex key to this event is activated by the Cdc20 cofactor. This event proceeds when a complex alternatively called the cyclosome degrades securins, leading to the activation of separases which cleave residual cohesin; that complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, the APC/C. Spindle poles begin to move apart during the later part of this stage, and its early portion sees the shortening of microtubules due to depolymerization at the plus ends. For 10 points, identify this event in which sister chromatids begin to move towards opposite poles of the cell, a stage of mitosis which precedes telophase.;;anaphase
Literature;;The protagonist of this work fights a gang of teenagers after a pathetic show of strength at an arcade. While searching for an escaped lunatic the protagonist recalls his betrayal of Kikuhiko, whom he later meets in a gay bar. Another character in this book describes her theory of the"?pluralistic universe"? The protagonist vomits in front of his class after drinking away his troubles at the home of his girlfriend Himiko. The protagonist of this work longs to travel to Africa, but becomes a tour guide after accepting the responsibility of his family. For 10 points, identify this novel whose protagonist Bird has a child with a Brain hernia, a work by Kenzaburo Oe.;;(A) Personal Matter|Kojinteki na Taiken
World History;;This man reportedly died from drinking from a poisonous spring at Verulamium. Despite his infirmity, reflected in his being referred to as"?Half-Dea"?, this man triumphed in battle against Octa, the son of one of the perpetrators of the Night of the Long Knives, Hengist. His brothers include Constans and Aurelius Ambrosius, and this man’s rise to power was foreshadowed by a comet shaped like a particular animal. He tricked his way into to Tintagel Castle while posing as the Duke of Cornwall, Gorlois, in order to make love to Igraine and conceive a famous son. For 10 points, name this man whose success was predicted by Merlin, the father of the future King Arthur.;;Uther (Pendragon)|Wthyr (Pendragon)|Uter (Pendragon)
Art;;This man created day and night versions of his Mountainous River Landscape on the same piece of transparent paper. Nationalism manifested itself in a painting of a French dragoon lost in a forest, and he did multiple variations on the theme of Two Men Contemplating the Moon. He came to prominence with Frederick William III's purchase of the companion pieces The Abbey in the Oakwood and The Monk by the Sea. He showed the wreck of the HMS Griper in The Sea of Ice, while another of his paintings shows a solitary man near a rocky cliff as he looks into some mountains obscured by clouds. For 10 points, identify this German Romantic painter of Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog.;;(Caspar) (David) Friedrich
Religion/Mythology;;This man argued that secular institutions such as government, private property, and marriaged been partly gained respect due to superstition in one work. Another work by this author of Psyche’s Task examined the Aruntas people and proposed the conceptional, industrial, and"?external sou"? theories of the titular concept contrasted with"?exogam"?. This man examined the corn god trope and the"?king of the woo"? ritual in a work that traces the evolution of religion and magic and takes its title from the object Aeneas used to enter the Underworld. For 10 points, identify this author of Totemism and Exogamy, a Scottish anthropologist who wrote The Golden Bough.;;(Sir) (James) (George) Frazer
Physics;;The convolution of the Gaussian profile and his profile gives the Voigt profile. Accelerating charged particles experience a recoil force when they radiate named for Abraham and this man. When supplemented by translations, the group of transformations named for him becomes the inhomogeneous Poincare group. He developed a rotation in Minkowski space that preserves the spacetime interval between events, and he names the force experienced by a charged particle due to electromagnetic fields. For 10 points, identify this man who, independently of George Fitzgerald, proposed that an observer who in motion relative to an object will see the object contracted.;;(Hendrik) (Anton) Lorentz
Pop Culture;;In one episode of this show, the main character recalls getting a walke-talkie for Christmas during a plot where he is dubbed"?The Man Who Shot Santa"? A recurring villain on this show was the incredibly obese Dale"?The Whal"? Biederbeck. The main character works with Randy Disher and Leland Stottlemeyer. The overarching plot on this show was the protagonist’s quest to find who murdered his wife, Trudy. The titular character was originally aided by nurse Sharona, but beginning in season three, worked with Natalie Teeger. For 10 points, name this USA mystery series about the titular obsessive compulsive detective, played by Tony Shalhoub.;;Monk
United States History;;This man was the nominal commander of 6,000 militiamen assigned to assist John Sullivan during the failed Newport assault. The British ship Romney seized his sloop, the Liberty, eventually leading to a trial where this man was defended by James Otis. After the Revolution, this man resigned his position and was replaced by James Bowdoin, who had to deal with Shays’ Rebellion. Mentored by Samuel Adams, this man was president of the Second Continental Congress in 1776, which allowed him to complete his most remembered act. For 10 points, name this first governor of Massachusetts, noted for his large signature on the Declaration of Independence.;;(John) Hancock
Art;;This director ended one of his films with a scene where money flies out of a suitcase and the criminal Johnny Clay is arrested at the airport. Another of his films sees Colonel Dax angrily refers to General Broulard as"?a degenerate, sadistic old ma"? after failing to stop the execution of three soldiers for cowardice. This director of The Killing and Paths of Glory is better known a film that features Heywood Floyd’s search for TMA-1. That film by this man opens with a shot of the sun rising over the earth rising over the moon as Also Sprach Zarathustra plays and ends with Dave Bowman becoming a star-child. For 10 points, name this director of 2001: A Space Odyssey.;;(Stanley) Kubrick
Literature;;At one point in this work, its protagonist, who is judged to be"?no vulgar assassi"?, listens to the"?audible musi"? of gnats and dragonflies after undergoing an"?awful disturbance of his organic syste"? and later blesses the sand and judges the wind to sound like Aeolian harps upon reaching shore. Earlier, its protagonist had been given information about dry, flammable timber by a man later revealed to be a Federal scout. In the final scene of this work, the protagonist begins to greet his wife, but is interrupted by a"?stunning blow upon the back of the neck"? For 10 points, name this Ambrose Bierce short story revealed to be a dream taking place during Peyton Farquhar’s hanging.;;(An) Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Religion/Mythology;;This thinker argued against relativism in the true critique of art and posited a universal"?menta"? form of the title concept in one essay in his Four Dissertations. Another book by this author of"?The Standard of Tast"? outlines three fundamental laws of justice. This man wrote a work narrated by Pamphilus that contains a conversation between Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo. He introduced the"?copy principl"? and posited a man able to deduce the"?missing shade of blu"? in a work that includes the sections"?Of the Origin of Idea"? and"?Of Miracles"? For 10 points, name this empiricist who wrote Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and A Treatise of Human Nature.;;(David) Hume
Physics;;Vertical lines on Mollier diagrams display transformations in which this quantity is unchanged. This quantity remains constant for a system in a throttling process. The van't Hoff equation states that the derivative of the natural log of the equilibrium constant with respect to inverse temperature is equal to negative change in this quantity divided by the ideal gas constant. For transformations occurring at constant pressure, it is equal to the change in the internal energy of the system, and the product of temperature and change in entropy subtracted from change in it is the change in the Gibbs energy of a reaction. For 10 points, identify this thermodynamic quantity symbolized H.;;enthalpy;;H
World History;;Giovanni Vilani recorded the history of this city in a work called Cronica nuova. Giano della Bella led a movement against the nobles of this city which resulted in the 1293 Ordinances of Justice. This polity defeated the Republic of Siena at the Battle of Marciano, and early in the fourteenth century, the Peruzzi family dominated politics in this city. This city also saw a revolt by oppressed wool-workers, called the Ciompi revolt. Two other rulers of this city were targets of the Pazzi conspiracy. For 10 points, identify this Italian city, which was once ruled by Cosimo and Lorenzo of the Medici family.;;Florence|Firenze
Literature;;This author asserts that while one may learn something new from a cookbook, reading Milton will result in higher capacity to sympathize with the infinite, which makes Milton an example of the"?literature of powe"?. Another work by this author compares the sound of wheels during a funeral procession and a woman’s sigh before fainting to the title event, which interrupts a moment in"?the world of darknes"? caused by a certain literary murder. This author of"?On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbet"? also wrote the Gothic novel Klosterheim and a memoir about the"?pain"? and"?pleasure"? of a certain drug. For 10 points, name this author of Confessions of an English Opium-Eater.;;(Thomas) (de) Quincey
Chemistry;;This element forms two new bonds in the Arbuzov reaction, and it is bonded to fluorine in the nerve agent Sarin. A triphenyl derivative of it is used alond with DEAD in the Mitsunobu reaction, and a reagent often used to convert carboxylic acids to acyl bromides is this element's pentabromide. Most of the body's supply of this element comes in a mineral of calcium and this element called apatite. Allotropes of this element include the chain-like red and the tetrahedral white, and the Wittig reaction requires a ylide containing this element. Adjacent DNA bases are linked by diester bonds containing this element. For 10 points, name this element in nitrogen's group with symbol P.;;phosphorus;;P
World History;;During this decade, an international border along the Arta-Volos line was recognized by the London Convention, and Stratford Canning negotiated the Treaty of Constantinople. During this decade, William Sleeman began his campaign to wipe out the Thuggee cult in India, while the Kowloon Incident kicked off the First Opium War. British Prime Ministers from this decade include Lord Melbourne and the Earl Grey. The first year of this decade saw Charles X toppled by the July Revolution, which brought Louis-Philippe to power in France. For 10 points, name this decade, the fourth of the nineteenth century.;;(the) 1830(s)
Religion/Mythology;;Pausanias gives the murder of this man’s cousin Oeonus as one cause for his hatred of the family of Hippocoon, all of whom he slaughtered while restoring Tyndareus to the Spartan throne. His weapons were once stolen by the Cercopes, who he then tied to a pole; that happened after his accidental murder of Iphitus led to his serving in penitence at the court of Omphale. Other tales describe how he out-wrestled a son of Gaia named Antaeus and killed an eagle before freeing Prometheus, and his wives include Megara and Deianeira. For 10 points, identify this hero, a son of Alcmene who captured Geryon’s cattle and Cerberus while completing a dozen labors for Eurystheus.;;Heracles|Hercules|Alcides|Alcaeus
Literature;;This novel's protagonist meets Fanny dressed as an angel and gives his name as"?Negr"? shortly before his second encounter with the scrawny Giacomo. This work's protagonist learns horseriding from Mack, whose fiance Clara Pollunder tries to rape him, while the fondness of Grete Mitzelbach and Therese nets him a job at Hotel Occidental. Delamarche and Robinson abuse the protagonist of this novel, who goes to the Nature Theatre of Oklahoma. Early on the protagonist is taken in by his wealthy Uncle Jacob and endures the Stoker's complaints after seeing the Statue of Liberty with a sword. For 10 points, name this novel about Karl Rossman's adventures in the title country by Franz Kafka.;;Amerika
Art;;This painting once featured a large wall map behind the title figure and a clothes basket at bottom. A crack in the fourth row of glass panes reflects on the wooden frame of the sash window and a layer of ochre dulls the coloring of the blue cuffs. Wall tiles depicting a man with a pole and Cupid can be seen next to a foot warmer in this work, while pointille technique was used to depict the crust on the bread. The main figure wears a white linen cap and has her sleeves pushed up, and this work's artist characteristically used ultramarine for the brilliant blue dress. For 10 points, name this work showing a woman pouring a pearly white liquid into a container, a work of Jan Vermeer.;;(The) Milkmaid|(Het) Melkmeisje
Geography;;This country's city of Panajachel lies on the volcano-surrounded Lake Atitlan, and its city of Quirigua lies along its Motagua River. This nation's largest lake is Lake Izabal, and it contains a series of volcanoes in San Marcos which includes Tajumulco and Tacana. Much of this country's land lies in the Peten province, and itss cities include Puerto Barrios and Quetzaltenango in addition to containing the ruins at Tikal. Comprising the Yucutan Peninsula along with Belize and Mexico, for 10 points, name this central American nation west of Honduras with a namesake capital.;;Guatemala
Philosophy;;This thinker posited that we become aware of our spirit through internal reflection in a book that proposes an instrumental theory of motion. One work by him argues that materialism will invariably lead to skepticism and rejects another philosopher’s distinction between primary and secondary characteristics. This author of De Motu maintained that the world exists only when imagined by another being in a work that states that"?to be is to be perceive"?. For 10 points each, name this British philosopher who wrote Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous.;;(Bishop) (George) Berkeley
World History;;This strategic military action was performed by Maximilian I of Austria during the"?Mad War"? One instance of this action was code-named"?Case Red"? One plan for performing this action had to be modified when the side doing this lost the"?race to the se"? and failed to take the railroads of Liege in time. A successful instance of this that resulted in the capture of the capital led to the Treaty of Frankfurt. This action was most recently performed at six locations near Caen, including ones codenamed Sword, Juno, and Omaha. For 10 points name this action often performed by Germany involving directing troops towards Paris.;;Invading France
Literature;;This author described how Beckett and Borges succeeded Joyce and Kafka as"?technically contemporar"? writers in an essay called"?The Literature of Exhaustio"?. The protagonist of a novel by this man gets a job at Wicomico State College and has an affair with Joe Morgan’s wife Rennie before returning to a state of"?psychological paralysi"?. After writing about Jacob Horner in The End of the Road, this author wrote a novel about a man tutored by Henry Burlingame who marries Joan Toast after becoming Poet Laureate of Maryland. For 10 points, name this author who satirized the modern university in Giles Goat-Boy and who wrote that aforementioned novel, The Sot-Weed Factor.;;(John) (Simmons) Barth
Earth Science;;Schilling's ridge-sink model describes phenomena here, and convection cells here exhibit"?soft turbulence"? The carrot shape of kimberlite pipes owes to their origin in this region. Studies of mid-ocean-ridge basalts suggest its convection occurs only in two layers. This structure may contain a post-perovskite phase where P-waves attenuate in its D-double-prime layer. A velocity discontinuity in this region is named for Inge Lehmann. Its upper limit is named for Mohorovicic moh-oh-ROH-vee-chihch, which separates its uppermost layer, the asthenosphere, from the crust. For 10 points, name this plastic layer of the earth's interior between crust and core.;;mantle
Music;;This composer depicted laughter in the final"?Precipitosissim"? section of a solo piano work that also features movements marked"?Tempestuos"? and"?Smanios"?. He transformed his ballet Ala i Lolli into a suite that opens with the"?Invocation to Veles and Al"? and features the"?Dance of the Pagan Monster"?. This composer of Sarcasms included a theme for cornet in the"?weddin"? movement of a work that also features a sleigh-bell-backed troika. For 10 points, identify this composer of the Scythian Suite and the Lieutenant Kije Suite who used timpani and bass drums to represent gunshots and strings to represent the titular Young Pioneer of his Peter and the Wolf.;;(Sergei) (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev
United States History;;This man’s only Supreme Court appointment was that of his Naval Secretary, Smith Thompson. While this man was president, the Choctaw chief Pushmataha ceded territory to the U.S. in the Treaties of Doak’s Stand and Washington City. Another treaty during his presidency established the Sabine and Red Rivers as borders with New Spain and ceded Florida to the U.S. That treaty, the Adams-Onis Treaty, was negotiated by this man’s Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams. Upon the collapse of the Federalists, this man ran for reelection unopposed. For 10 points, name this fifth U.S. President, whose namesake doctrine told Europe to stay out of American affairs.;;(James) Monroe
Physics;;Examples of this property include the norbornyl cation and diborane's three-center two-electron bonds, and this phenomenon's greater strength as stability decreases makes it more active in excited states, allowing dyes to function. This property's effect on the electron donating or withdrawing character of a group is called the mesomeric effect, and its stabilization energy is named for Dewar. Molecules with this property include the carboxylate ion, which has two bonds of order three halves, and they are shown as a hybrid of Lewis structures. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, an extreme form of which is aromaticity, in which electrons delocalize across multiple atoms.;;resonance|delocalization (of) (electrons)
Religion/Mythology;;This faith equally considers the exoteric, esoteric, and double hidden meanings within its scriptures which include the Letters of Wisdom. Like the Brotherhoold of Purity, this religion holds that God is everywhere, and many adherents of it deny God attributes through tanzi. Many members of this faith believe they are descended from the Prophet Jethro, and they are divided between the secular jihhal and the devout uqqal. This religion is based on the seven central principles established by Hamza, and it was founded by Hamza ibn Ali and Al-Hakim. For 10 points, name this Unitarian Ismaili religious community that accepts no converts and is symbolized by a five-color star.;;Druze|Derzi|Durzi|Duruz|Druzim;;al-Muwa??idun
Literature;;The protagonist of one of this man’s works erects a sign claiming that that story’s title figure will ascend to heaven from a pond on the third day of the third month. The central figure of another of his stories watches his daughter and her pet monkey burn to death in a carriage after torturing his apprentices to capture their suffering while painting the title work. This author of"?Dragon: the Old Potter’s Tal"? also wrote a story in which a servant steals the robe of an old woman who collects hair from corpses at the titular gate and a story consisting of seven different accounts of the murder of Takehiro. For 10 points, identify this Japanese author of"?Hell Scree"?,"?Rashomo"?, and"?In a Grov"?.;;(Ryunosuke) Akutagawa|(Ryunosuke) Niihara|Akutagawa (Ryunosuke)
Pop Culture;;The protagonist of this game defends a monastery near St. Olga in a level later appended to it called"?Lost Coast"? Chris Livingston created a webcomic that parallels the events of this game called Concerned. In one section of this game, the player receives a rocket launcher from Odessa Cubbage. It opens with its protagonist being placed on a train to the Combine-controlled City 17; later, that protagonist meets Father Grigori in Ravenholm and raids Nova Prospekt with Alyx Vance, who teaches the player to use the gravity gun. For 10 points, identify this 2004 first-person shooter, a sequel to another Valve game which also starred Gordon Freeman.;;Half-Life 2
World History;;Participants in this event used a rectangular red flag with a black square in the middle. The Hanlin Academy caught fire during this event, leading to a dramatic rescue of the sole surviving copy of the Yongle Encyclopedia. Claude MacDonald used the"?International Gu"? to defend his men during it, while the Taiyuan Massacre also occurred during this event. The instigators of this event objected to the granting of extraterritoriality by the unequal treaties. This event during the Qing Dynasty was eventually put down by an Eight-Nation Alliance that included Japan, Britain, and the United States. For 10 points, name this 1899-1901 anti-foreigner rebellion in China.;;Boxer (Rebellion)|Righteous Harmony Society Movement
Physics;;This phenomenon is used in a technique that uses a phosphor screen and a CCD camera in the specimen chamber of a scanning electron microscope, which images the kikuchi bands of its"?backscatte"? form. In one form of this phenomenon, crystal size is proportional to shape factor over line broadening. With X-rays, it is described by the Scherrer equation and Bragg's law. If the coherence length is smaller than another measure, then two single-slit patterns of this phenomenon overlaid is the same as the double-slit pattern, unlike the interference found by Young. For 10 points, name this optical event in which light propagates past an obstacle, resulting in complex patterns.;;diffraction
Literature;;In one poem in this collection, the speaker derides poets who rely on Petrarchan oxymorons like"?fair storms and freezing fire"?, preferring to use only his"?trembling voic"? to display"?all the map of my stat"?. This work’s first poem describes how the speaker"?sought fit words to paint the blackest face of wo"? before his Muse says"?Fool… look in thy heart and write"? Its most famous poem opens with the line"?With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climbst the skie"?, while its dedicatee is believed to be Penelope Devereux. For 10 points, identify this collection of 11 songs and 108 sonnets, a work by Sir Philip Sidney about two star-crossed and star-named lovers.;;Astrophil and Stella|Astrophel and Stella
Philosophy;;One essay by this thinker argues against historical determinism and asserts that fully developed capitalist modes of production are not necessary for a socialist revolution. In another work, this author of"?The Revolution Against Das Kapita"? argued that"?Americanis"? was mechanical, crude, and brutal and regulated sexual urges of workers when paired with"?Fordis"?. That work proposes a"?modern princ"? who would develop"?organic intellectual"? to help the working class escape from exploitation and attach them to the"?subalter"? classes to oppose capitalist cultural hegemony. For 10 points, name this founder of the Italian Communist party and author of The Prison Notebooks.;;(Antonio) Gramsci
Religion/Mythology;;This figure, depicted in the Ramsund Carving, acquired his horse at the river Busiltjorn. Heimar hid this man’s daughter in a harp; that daughter, Aslaug, later married Ragnar Lodbrok. He kills and is killed by a son of Gjuki named Guttorm. Tasting the blood of one of his enemies allowed him to understand the language of birds, one of whom informed him that his foster father Regin would betray him. This owner of Grani took the form of Gunnar to leap through a ring of fire and win Brynhild, though he himself married Gudrun. His father gave him the sword Gram, which he used to kill Fafnir. For 10 points, identify this hero of the Volsung Saga, the son of Sigmund.;;Sigurd|Sigfried|Sivard (Snarensvend)
Geography;;This region contains the mineral rich Pilbara area, which is home to the Hamersley Mountains, and its Kimberley region is located to the west of the Joseph Boneparte Gulf. Its cities include Geraldton and Bunbury, and this region contains the large monolithMount Augustus. The city of Kalgoorlie in this province is the western terminus of the world's longest straight railway, which runs through the Nullarbor Plain. Containing the city of Fremantle at the mouth of the Swan River, for 10 points, name this largest state of Australia which has its capital and Perth, so named for its location on the left side of the continent.;;Western Australia
Literature;;W.B. Yeats’s"?The Nineteenth Century and Afte"? was a direct response to this poem. In its final stanza, its speaker imagines the world as"?a land of dreams, / So various, so beautiful, so ne"?, while its opening stanza describes how certain events"?Begin, and cease, and then again begin / With tremulous cadence slo"?. Its speaker notes that he now hears only the"?melancholy, long, withdrawing roa"? of the former"?Sea of Fait"?, and remembers how"?Sophocles long ag"? heard that same sound"?on the Aegea"?. Opening"?The sea is calm to-nigh"?, for 10 points, identify this poem in which"?ignorant armies clash by nigh"? on a"?darkling plai"?, a work of Matthew Arnold.;;Dover Beach
Physics;;Harnik et al. argue against the anthropic principle by proposing a universe that lacks this. One instance of this interaction is modeled with a unitary matrix that includes three mixing angles and a complex phase that models CP violation. A vector minus axial Lagrangian for this force leads to maximal parity violation, making this force only affect left-handed particles. This force is responsible for quark flavor changing, was unified with electromagnetism by Glashow, Weinberg, and Salaam, and is transmitted by the massive W and Z bosons. For 10 points, name this fundamental force involved in radioactive decays.;;weak (nuclear) (force)|weak (interaction)
World History;;Advisers to this king included Ruy Gomez. The right of this man to rule was rejected by the Act of Abjuration, and alliances against this king include the Union of Utrecht. He conquered a neighboring country whose throne had gone vacant because of the Battle of Alcacer Quibir, after which this man became King of Portugal. One plan hatched by this king involved the land forces of Alexander Farnese being ferried by the sea forces of the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, but these were foiled by Sir Francis Drake. For 10 points, name this King of Spain who launched the Spanish Armada.;;Philip II
Philosophy;;Chapter Seven of this work describes the public display of a dead body next to a block and a bloody knife to explain proper use of spectacle. This work ends with an excerpt beginning,"?Virtue against fury shall advance the fight"? that is taken from a Petrarch canzone. It notes that fortune is a lady and to be successful it is necessary to beat her down. Despite Scipio’s victory, this work praises Hannibal’s treatment of his soldiers in the chapter titled"?Of Clemency and Cruelty"? It holds that one ought to emulate the lion and the fox and that it is better to be feared than to be loved, for 10 points, name this work of political philosophy advising the titular ruler by Niccolo Machiavelli.;;(The) Prince|(Il) Principe
Art;;One version of this painting may feature work by its artist's pupils such as Marco d'Oggiono and Giovan Antonio Boltraffio and was painted after the original was probably given to Louis XII. It was accompanied by side panels of angel-musicians by the de Predis brothers, part of the commission for the chapel of the Immaculate Conception in Milan's San Francesco Grande. Uriel does not point at John the Baptist in the London version, which also lacks John's cruciform stick, haloes, and its artist's characteristic sfumato. Both versions show Mary holding her hand over Jesus' head in a grotto. For 10 points, name these paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, named for their geologic features.;;Virgin of the Rocks|Madonna of the Rocks
Literature;;One character in this work claims not to have had any candy for"?a hundred week"? after asking its protagonist for some sugar lumps and declaring that"?American men are the bes"?. The courier Eugenio disapproves of its title character’s plan to go boating on a lake, though two days later the protagonist accompanies that title character to the castle of Chillon after meeting her and her brother Randolph at Vevey. A moonlit visit to the Colosseum with Mr. Giovanelli results in its title character dying of malaria. For 10 points, identify this novella which ends after Frederick Winterbourne realizes he’d loved the titular American flirt, a work of Henry James.;;Daisy Miller(:) (A) (Study)
World History;;One man to hold this title worked with Commodore Matthew Maury to create the New Virginia Colony. Another man who held this title led the"?Army of the Three Guarantee"? after signing an agreement with his rival, Vicente Guerrero. One holder of this title was captured at Queretaro and executed at the Hill of the Bells after being defeated by General Porfirio Diaz and President Benito Juarez. That man was the husband of Carlotta. For 10 points, name this title held by Agustin Iturbide from 1822-1823 and Maximillian von Habsburg from 1864-1867, which involves reigning over America’s southern neighbor.;;Emperor (of) Mexico
Biology;;In one condition in this gland, antibodies attack a peroxidase or a large dimeric protein here, and that condition can occur alongside an inflammation of orbital fat and extraocular muscles more commonly associated with another disease here. The latter condition is treated by carbimazole and results in"?orange-pee"? skin and increased sympathetic nervous system function. Its parafollicular cells secrete a hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity and the absorption of calcium. This gland's major hormone is activated by deiodinases; relatedly, this gland is enlarged due to iodine-deficient diets in a condition called goiter. For 10 points, name this gland that secretes thyroxine.;;thyroid (gland)
Pop Culture;;On the short-lived cartoon Sit Down, Shut Up, this actor played the principal, Sue Sezno. In Nike’s Most Valuable Puppets campaign, he voiced LeBron James. Some of the roles this man has played include McIntosh, a convict who tries to scare prisoners straight, the French Def Comedy Jam star Jean K. Jean, and Deandre Cole, the host of the BET show"?What Up With That"? He uses his PlayStation skills to successfully land the plane in the movie Snakes on a Plane. This actor played the titular role in the film version of Fat Albert. For 10 points, name this Saturday Night Live cast member who was previously the comedic partner of Kel Mitchell.;;Kenan (Thompson)|(Kenan) Thompson
Psychology;;In one work this man compares the Sun Dance of the Sioux to the fish dam ceremony of the Yurok. He notes similarities between the ashrama system in Hinduism and his own theories in a work that attempts to seek out the psycho-historical presence of the title figure subtitled"?On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence"? Another work by this man examines the search for"?ego integrit"? of a priest excommunicated at the Diet of Worms. The tension between trust and mistrust begins this psychologist’s 8-stage model of psychosocial development. For 10 points, name this author of Ghandi’s Truth, and Young Man Luther, a psychoanalyst who coined the term"?identity crisi"?.;;(Erik) (Homburger) Erikson
World History;;This king defeated Widukind, who led a guerilla war against this man in Saxony. He outlawed Jewish money-lending in his Capitulary for the Jews. In another war, this man defeated King Desiderius, his former father-in-law. This man ordered the beheading of 4,000 Saxons for practicing paganism in the Massacre of Verden. Important court scholars to this king included Alcuin of York. Biographers of this man include Einhard. He defeated the Lombards, who were threatening to seize Rome, thus earning the gratitude of Pope Leo III, who crowned him on Christmas Day in 800. For 10 points, name this King of the Franks known as"?the Great"?;;Charlemagne
Literature;;This work's title character tells his wife he needed her"?as the abyss across which my body must be drawn"? He asks"?the ghostly on"? to release his"?shado"? after the Aide-de-Camp wonders what to do about an"?invasio"? of women chanting a dirge. This work sees young girls imitate British mannerisms and mock the sexuality of the Christian constable Amusa. This play opens with a discussion between the Praise Singer and the title character in the market district ruled by Iyaloja, who berates the title character when she finds him chained by Simon Pilkings, obligating his son Olunde to take his life. For 10 points, name this play about the title Yoruban, a work of Wole Soyinka.;;Death and the King's Horseman
Chemistry;;This property is possessed by reagents like the Crimmins thiazolidinethione and the Evans oxazolidinone, both auxiliaries in the aldol reaction. Transitions within a p or d set are allowed according to the Laporte selection rule if molecules have this property, the axial form of which is possessed by many binapthyl derivatives. Tartaric acid is used to separate some pairs of molecules with this property, and such molecules rotate plane-polarized light. Despite their local possession of this property, meso compounds lack it overall, much like racemates. For 10 points, name this property of pure enantiomers, which denotes that they cannot be superimposed on their mirror images.;;chiral(ity)|lacking inversion (symmetry)
Music;;Harps feature prominently at the end of both the first and final movements of this work, which features a recurring motif consisting of a rising major third followed by a rising minor second. Its fifth movement, added two years after its original premiere, sees the soprano soloist enter with the line"?I will see you agai"?. Violins are completely absent from its first movement, while its final movement is titled"?Blessed are the dea"?. It opens with the words"?Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforte"? and features no references to Jesus. Likely inspired by the death of its composer’s mother, for 10 points, identify this non-liturgical sacred work by Johannes Brahms.;;(A) German Requiem(,) (To) (Words) (of) (the) (Holy) (Scriptures)|(Ein) Deutsches Requiem(,) (nach) (Worten) (der) (heiligen) (Schrift);;(Johannes) Brahms(’s) Requiem
Religion/Mythology;;A man sitting on the ground in rags known as the Negus asked this person and his companions to visit him, and told him of a victory in a valley where thorny trees grow. A shipwreck off the shore of the Hejaz and a carpenter named Pacomius facilitated the reconstruction of a building for which this figure arbitrated the laying of the cornerstone. He earned the title of al-amin from the Qurayshites due to his marriage to an older merchant woman. In his farewell sermon he notes that no more prophets will come after him. His trip upon Al-Buraq during his Night Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem is recounted in the Quran. For 10 points, name this founder of Islam.;;(Abu) (al-Qasim) Muhammad (Ibn) (Abd) (Allah) (Ibn) (Abd) (al-Muttalib) (Ibn) (Hashim)
United States History;;A political leader in this state was Herman Husband, who opposed Governor William Tryon. A Supreme Court case associated with this state affirmed that Judge James McMillan’s order for busing to achieve racial integration was constitutional. It was the home of the 1771 Battle of Alamance, which put down a rebellion against colonial taxation. It saw a bloody Revolutionary War battle at Guilford Court House and was the site of the Swann case and the War of the Regulation. In 1960, this state saw the first sit-in demonstration at a Woolworth’s lunch counter. For 10 points, name this Southern state with such cities as Greensboro and Charlotte.;;North Carolina
Noncomputational Math;;A Grothendieck topology defines a sieve as a collection of subsets of a set with this property that themselves have this property. The Lindehof condition for a space requires every cover of this type to have a countable subcover. Generally, two points are"?separate"? if each point is contained in a set of this type that doesn't contain the other. In the particular point topology, all sets that contain an arbitrary point are of this type. A subset U of a metric space has this property if every point therein has a neighborhood inside U. Sets have this property in R^n when every point is an interior point. For 10 points, name this topological property, possessed by a set if its complement is closed.;;open
Literature;;In one poem, Love tells this man to"?do your best to honor m"? after he"?felt a loving spirit suddenly"? His beloved's lips produce a tender spirit inciting sighs from the soul in a poem which claims she is"?so gentle and so honest"? This possible author of the Letter to Can Grande wrote a work in which he is shocked by the presence of Ripheus the Trojan and sees souls arrange themselves to form the petals of a rose as Saint Bernard prays for him in the Empyrean. In that work, Thomas Aquinas tells him of Francis of Assisi as he ascends through the nine celestial spheres with Beatrice. For 10 points, name this author of La Vita Nuova and the Paradiso, part of his Divine Comedy.;;Dante (Alighieri)|(Dante) Alighieri
Art;;Painted the same year as its artist's Adam and Eve Expelled from Paradise, this work draws from its artist's Aureoles series. Texts displayed in this work include an ad for Butchers in Jerusalem. A figure wearing a sombrero stands on the right of this canvas, while reformer Emile Littre in a bishop’s gown leads a crowd that notably features a skull-faced man in a top hat. The man who stands at the upper right with a cane and sash may be the mayor of the titular city. For 10 points, name this painting by James Ensor that depicts the Messiah’s arrival at a city in Belgium.;;Christ’s Entry into Brussels (in) (1889)|The Entry of Christ into Brussels
Noncomputational Math;;This mathematician names an integral to compute the number of times a knot may be mapped onto the sphere, giving the linking number. A formula that sets the integral over a manifold's boundary of the geodesic curvature plus the integral over the manifold of his curvature equal to two pi times the Euler characteristic is named for him and for Bonnet. He is the namesake of a probability distribution which maximizes entropy for a given mean and variance; that distribution is followed by the sums of random variables according to the central limit theorem and has the general form e to negative x squared. For 10 points, name this namesake of the normal distribution.;;(Carl) (Friedrich) Gauss
United States History;;This man met with Army Secretary Robert Stevens in what would be called the"?Chicken Luncheon"? He was heavily criticized for his defense of the SS soldiers accused of perpetrating the Malmedy massacre. This man was later investigated by the Watkins Committee, and he was earlier rebuked by the Tydings Committee. This politician’s downfall came after he was notably criticized by attorney Joseph Welch. In 1950, this man gave a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, where he claimed to have an infamous list. For 10 points, name this Wisconsin Senator whose name is synonymous with the 1950’s"?witch-huntin"? of Communists in the government.;;(Joseph) McCarthy
Literature;;One man from this country wrote the novel Paradiso. Another writer from this country wrote a novel featuring the relationship of Vivian Smith Corona and Eribo as well as the section"?Headcracke"?, wherein Bustrofedon becomes a Christ figure. One writer from this country wrote of Dr. Oge curing Esteban of his asthma and Sofia succumbing to the advances of Victor Hugues in one novel. Besides the authors of Three Trapped Tigers and Explosion in a Cathedral, a poet from this nation wrote of how he"?cultivates a white ros"? and is"?an honest man from where the palm trees gro"? in"?Guantanamera"? For 10 points, name this country home to Alejo Carpentier and Jose Marti.;;Cuba
Music;;J.S. Bach’s first Brandenburg Concerto is only one in the set of six to use this instrument. The main melody of the second movement of Tchaikovsky’s Fifth Symphony is played on one of these instruments, while Benjamin Britten set poems such as Jonson’s"?Hymn to Dian"? and Blake’s"?The Sick Ros"? in his Serenade for Tenor, this instrument, and Strings.  The titular hero of Strauss’ Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks is portrayed by one of these instruments, whose performers often put a fist in its bell while playing. For 10 points, identify this brass instrument, three of which portray the wolf in Peter and the Wolf, not to be confused with a similar"?Englis"? instrument.;;(French) horn|corno|corni
Geography;;This nation's largest city contains the Malecon 2000, and its capital was founded as a colony at Cuenca. Attractions in this nation include the Mitad del Mundo and the open-air markets at Otavalo. This nation contains the Avenue of the Volcanos, and its highest peak is the furthest from the center of the earth. An 1822 meeting between Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar took place in its largest city. It contains the peaks of Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, and this nation owns an archipelago that contains the islands of Isabella and Santa Cruz and the Charles Darwin Research Station. For 10 points, name this South American nation containing the Galapagos Islands, whose cities include Guayaquil and Quito.;;Ecuador
World History;;Participants in this event opposed the corrupt"?Ten Regular Attendants"? He Jin led the military opposition to this event, while forces under Bo Cai were put down by Zhu Jun and Huangfu Song. Participants in this event believed that"?the Blue Sk"? had perished and venerated the god Huang-lo, who had given its leader a sacred book. That leader’s brothers Bao and Liang helped him lead this rebellion, which, like the earlier Five Pecks of Rice revolt, was put down by the Han general Cao Cao. For 10 points, name this Zhang Jiao-led uprising against the Han Dynasy whose followers practiced the Way of Great Peace and were named after a colorful piece of headware.;;Yellow Turban (Rebellion)|Yellow Scarves (Rebellion)|Huang Jin Zhi Luan
Literature;;One character in this play tells his father"?timid innocenc"? was never known to suddenly become"?extreme licence"? The title character apostrophizes her father in telling him"?Venus' wrath has doomed your rac"?, shortly before she castigates her maid. A half-bull half-dragon is summoned on a favour owed by Neptune to kill a character that discusses his desire to leave Troezen with Theramene and loves Ismene's friend Aricie. Oenone convinces the title character to tell her husband that his son forced himself on her. For 10 points, name this play in which the title character is destroyed by her love for Thesee 's son Hippolyte, a work of Jean Racine.;;Phedre|Phaedra
Biology;;This pathway can be used to reduce the amount of the toxic terpenoid gossypol in cotton seeds without doing so in the rest of the plant. The original research on this concept was performed using the unc-22 and unc-54 genes, important to muscle contraction. One result of this pathway sees cleavage by Argonaute. This process begins when a certain type of double-stranded nucleic acid is cleaved by the Dicer enzyme and incorporated into the RISC. A diet of transformed bacteria induces this process in C. elegans, where it was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello. For 10 points, name this cellular mechanism which stops the transcription of a gene.;;RNA i(nterference)
Philosophy;;Book One of this work posits that the irrational soul consists of"?vegetativ"? and"?ethica"? parts. One part of it outlines the five dispositions of the soul, or hexis. It examines the third type of action, the non-voluntary, in another section that claims that choice, will, and deliberation are characteristic of both positive and negative actions. This work argues that contemplative wisdom can only be obtained after all other moral virtues are present. It uses the analogy of an archer to describe how a magnanimous man exercises the Doctrine of the Mean, and it argues that the end goal of life is happiness, or eudemonia. For 10 points, name this ethical treatise by Aristotle named after his son.;;Nicomachean Ethics|Ethika Nikomacheia
Music;;This musician’s collaborations with Miles Davis include an appearance on the title track in Bags’ Groove, which was composed by Milt Jackson, with whom he would collaborate on"?Misterios"? and Miles Davis and the Modern Giants. His fruitful period with the Riverside label saw 1956’s Brilliant Corners, though he is better known for his six session with Blue Note, which marketed him as the"?Genius of Modern Musi"?. Compositions by him include"?Ruby, My Dea"?,"?Well, You Needn’"?, and"?Straight, No Chase"? but he is most famous for a song that is the most recorded standard ever written by a jazz musician. For 10 points, who is pianist and composer of ‘Round Midnight?;;(Thelonious) Monk
Pop Culture;;In one episode of this show, a character burns down the place he worked as a child, only to find out that the walls were stuffed with cash. In another episode of this show, a character’s inability to understand Spanish led him to believe his girlfriend was cheating on him with a man named"?Hermano"? One character on this show rides a Segway, has a puppet named Franklin, and dances to"?The Final Countdow"? while performing his magic act. That character is Gob"?Joh"?, whose siblings include Lindsay and Buster. For 10 points, name this now-cancelled FOX comedy about the Bluth family, which starred Jason Bateman, Will Arnett, and Jeffrey Tambor.;;Arrested Development
Chemistry;;A high-pressure reaction of this type carried out on bituminous coal is the Bergius process. Ruthenium complexed with an enantiomer of BINAP is used for Noyori's asymmetric one. Other organometallic catalysts of this process include Crabtree's and chlorotristriphenylphosphine rhodium, which is Wilkinson's catalyst for accomplishing this. This can be done to benzene using Raney nickel, and lead acetate is used to poison Lindlar's catalyst as it performs this operation gently on alkynes, giving the cis product. The subject of many studies on small-molecule activation, for 10 points, name this process, which involves adding the simplest diatomic gas to an unsaturated compound.;;hydrogenation;;reduction
World History;;Count von Cobenzl was fired as foreign minister after this battle. This battle resulted in a treaty signed in the Primate’s Palace in Bratislava, the Treaty of Pressburg. The winning commander at this battle defied convention by dividing his army against a numerically superior force and choosing to fight from the low ground. This battle ended with the taking of the Pratzen Heights, and saw the losers retreat over a frozen lake. For 10 points, name this greatest victory of Napoleon Bonaparte, where he routed the combined forces of Alexander I of Russia and Francis II of Austria, which led to its alternate name of"?Battle of the Three Emperors"?;;(Battle) (of) Austerlitz;;Battle of the Three Emperors
Religion/Mythology;;Many celebrants of this festival welcome in seven exalted guests with the ushpizin prayer. Items important to this holiday include the arba minin that represent the eye, mouth, heart, and spine, and are carried around the synagogue in the morning as prescribed in Leviticus 23. Adherents beat the ground with five willow branches on the last day of this festival, the Hoshana Rabba during which households bless the etrog and lulav. It begins on the 15th of Tishrei, five days after Yom Kippur and is also called the Feast of the Tabernacles. For 10 points, name this Jewish holiday, a pilgrimage festival that features the building of temporary booths or huts.;;Sukkot|Sukkos;;Feast of the Tabernacles|Feast of Booths
Literature;;This author wrote a novella in which Linus Steinman attempts to find his number-reciting parrot Bruno with the help of a beekeeping retired detective that is implied to be Sherlock Holmes. One of his characters investigates both Alter Litvak’s attempt to bomb the Dome of the Rock and the murder of Mendel Shpilman with his half-Tlingit KLINK-it partner Berko Shemets in a Jewish settlement in Sitka, Alaska. This author of The Final Solution created Meyer Landsman and wrote a novel about the creators of Amazing Midget Radio Comics, Luna Moth, and The Escapist. For 10 points, identify this author of The Yiddish Policemen's Union and The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.;;(Michael) Chabon
World History;;This man was never actually named emperor by his predecessor, but rather by that predecessor’s wife, Plotina. One of this man’s first actions was to put down a possible rebellion led by Lucius Quietus. His namesake mausoleum later became known as the Castel Sant’ Angelo. This man abandoned his predecessor’s conquests in Mesopotamia for fear that they could not be defended. As well as rebuilding the Pantheon, this man built a namesake wall during his conquests in Great Britain. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor, the successor to Trajan and predecessor to Antoninus Pius.;;Hadrian|Publius Aelius Hadrianus
Physics;;This effect decreases the time a photon spends as an electron-positron pair, permitting them to travel a tiny fraction faster than c, as calculated by Scharnhorst. Anharmonic oscillators named for this effect can model some MEMS components. This effect is invoked in the baryon mass prediction of the chiral bag model and in Julian Schwinger's explanation for sonoluminescence. Its namesake demonstrated the force resulting from this effect with Polder. Lifshitz used van der Waals forces to explain this phenomenon on a microscopic scale. Resulting from nonzero vacuum energy, for 10 points, name this attractive force that occurs between two uncharged conducting plates.;;Casimir(-Lifshitz) (effect)
Religion/Mythology;;This deity’s wife, a daughter of Puloman, once tied a cord around his wrist in order to ensure his victory in battle. In one story, Krishna picked up the Govardhan hill to shelter a town from this god’s assaults, while in another story he learns that the former holders of his name are now ants. He lives in Svarga, near the top of Mt. Meru, and his attendants are the Maruts. This deity once split open a cave called the Vala to release the cows and the Ushas. This rider of Airavata destroyed 99 fortresses before retrieving the world’s water from an enemy that he killed with the thunderbolt Vajra. For 10 points, identify this soma-loving foe of the serpent Vritra, the Vedic god of storms.;;Indra|Sakra|Phra In|Saudharmendra|Taishakuten