// file:    version2.cc
// author:  keller
// purpose: demonstrating use of virtual methods
//
// description:
// There is a base class and two derived classes.  
// Each overloads a method 'op'.
//
// In this version, virtual is used.  Consequently, when derived objects
// are referred to as members of the base class, op of the derived classes
// get called.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Base
{
public:

virtual string op()
  {
  return "op() of Base";
  }
};


class Derived_1 : public Base
{
public:

string op()
  {
  return "op() of Derived_1";
  }
};


class Derived_2 : public Base
{
public:

string op()
  {
  return "op() of Derived_2";
  }
};


// Note that the test objects are passed by reference.  If we passed the 
// parameter to testAsBase by value, a copy constructor would get called, 
// which would change the result, since only the base portion would get copied,
// and the base method would always get called.

void testAsBase(Base &object)
  {
  cout << "testAsBase: " << object.op() << endl;
  }

void testAsDerived_1(Derived_1 &object)
  {
  cout << "testAsDerived_1: " << object.op() << endl;
  }

void testAsDerived_2(Derived_2 &object)
  {
  cout << "testAsDerived_2: " << object.op() << endl;
  }


main()
  {
  Base      ob_0;
  Derived_1 ob_1;
  Derived_2 ob_2;

  testAsBase(ob_0);
  testAsBase(ob_1);
  testAsBase(ob_2);

  testAsDerived_1(ob_1);
  testAsDerived_2(ob_2);
  }

/* output of version 2:                 output of version 1:

testAsBase: op() of Base                testAsBase: op() of Base
testAsBase: op() of Derived_1           testAsBase: op() of Base
testAsBase: op() of Derived_2           testAsBase: op() of Base
testAsDerived_1: op() of Derived_1      testAsDerived_1: op() of Derived_1
testAsDerived_2: op() of Derived_2      testAsDerived_2: op() of Derived_2
*/